一、電動客車的總體維護分為哪三個方面

電動客車相(xiang)比傳(chuan)統的(de)燃(ran)油(you)客車，沒有那(nei)么(me)多的(de)維(wei)護保養要(yao)求(qiu)，不過為了避(bi)免(mian)故障頻(pin)發，延長使用壽命，還是有必(bi)要(yao)對(dui)其進行維(wei)護的(de)，電動客車的(de)維(wei)護保養主要(yao)分(fen)為三個方面：

1、常規性維(wei)護(hu)：包括日常的檢查維(wei)護(hu)、一級(ji)(ji)維(wei)護(hu)和二級(ji)(ji)維(wei)護(hu)。

2、季節性維護(hu)：每個季度換季時應進行的清潔、維護(hu)。

3、磨(mo)合期(qi)維護(hu)：新車(che)或大修后(hou)的初駛(shi)路段需要進行(xing)磨(mo)合期(qi)維護(hu)，包括(kuo)清潔、檢查、緊(jin)固(gu)、調整、潤滑和補(bu)給等。

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二、如何維護保養新能源電動客車

1、電動客車蓄電池的檢查及維護

（1）電動客車蓄電池的檢查

檢(jian)(jian)(jian)查(cha)(cha)(cha)外殼有無裂紋(wen)或(huo)破(po)(po)損(sun)(sun)；檢(jian)(jian)(jian)查(cha)(cha)(cha)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動客車蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池安裝狀態，是(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)被腐蝕以(yi)及連換導線(xian)有無破(po)(po)損(sun)(sun)；檢(jian)(jian)(jian)查(cha)(cha)(cha)接線(xian)柱是(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)生銹、腐蝕，連接導線(xian)有無破(po)(po)損(sun)(sun)；檢(jian)(jian)(jian)查(cha)(cha)(cha)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)表(biao)面是(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)臟污，通(tong)氣孔是(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)暢通(tong)等；檢(jian)(jian)(jian)查(cha)(cha)(cha)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)解液(ye)(ye)液(ye)(ye)面高度是(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)在(zai)LEVEL線(xian)附近，或(huo)是(shi)(shi)否(fou)(fou)為15mm，當液(ye)(ye)面高度過低時，應添(tian)加(jia)蒸餾水，不允(yun)許(xu)加(jia)自來(lai)水或(huo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)解液(ye)(ye)；檢(jian)(jian)(jian)查(cha)(cha)(cha)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，單格電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓應在(zai)2v以(yi)上；檢(jian)(jian)(jian)查(cha)(cha)(cha)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)解液(ye)(ye)的(de)密度，在(zai)20℃時應為1.280；清洗蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池，保持(chi)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池清潔可以(yi)防止蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池過多的(de)自行放電(dian)(dian)(dian)。

（2）電動客車蓄電池的維護

在拆下(xia)（或(huo)(huo)安裝）蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)連線(xian)(xian)時，為防止(zhi)蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)短路，必須先(xian)拆下(xia)（或(huo)(huo)裝上(shang)）地(di)線(xian)(xian)；蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的上(shang)部和有關(guan)連接導線(xian)(xian)應保持清(qing)潔和干燥；在搬運蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)時千萬注意不(bu)(bu)要摔壞(huai)蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)；檢修車輛時不(bu)(bu)允許把(ba)金屬工(gong)具放在蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)上(shang)；安裝蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)時，千萬注意不(bu)(bu)要接錯極性，否則會燒壞(huai)有關(guan)連接導線(xian)(xian)和電(dian)(dian)氣設備；蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的連接線(xian)(xian)與蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)接線(xian)(xian)柱應接觸(chu)可靠；如果電(dian)(dian)動客(ke)車較長時間不(bu)(bu)用，應把(ba)蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)從車上(shang)拆下(xia)并(bing)放在陰涼通風的地(di)方。

2、電動客車的電機定期保養

（1）從(cong)車上卸下電機待查(cha)。

（2）用250MΩ兆歐表測量電機冷(leng)態絕緣電阻(zu)，其(qi)阻(zu)值應大于0. 5MΩ。

（3）用手轉動軸頭(tou)查(cha)電樞是否轉動靈活，應無卡(ka)擦現象。

（4）打開防護(hu)罩觀察每個(ge)(ge)電刷的磨損程度。4個(ge)(ge)電刷中(zhong)只要有一(yi)個(ge)(ge)電刷的高度小于12mm時，即需更換全部電刷。

（5）觀(guan)察換(huan)(huan)向(xiang)器的表(biao)面(mian)(mian)，正常的表(biao)面(mian)(mian)應該(gai)是光滑(hua)的且呈紫黑色，如表(biao)面(mian)(mian)粗糙，高(gao)低不平，即認為該(gai)換(huan)(huan)向(xiang)器表(biao)面(mian)(mian)需重新車光。

（6）電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)線圈(quan)(quan)正常情況下(xia)，用萬用表(biao)(biao)的通斷(duan)檔測(ce)量電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)樞線圈(quan)(quan)（A1、 A2）或(huo)(huo)勵磁線圈(quan)(quan)（S1、S2或(huo)(huo)F1、F2）時，萬用表(biao)(biao)應(ying)顯示(shi)是導(dao)通的，且(qie)阻值顯示(shi)接(jie)(jie)近0（常溫下(xia)，一般只(zhi)有零點幾(ji)歐）。若測(ce)量到(dao)的阻值大于(yu)1Ω，或(huo)(huo)根本不(bu)導(dao)通則(ze)可(ke)以判(pan)斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)有故障(zhang)。故障(zhang)原(yuan)因(yin)可(ke)能是：電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)線圈(quan)(quan)故障(zhang)；電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)碳刷磨損嚴(yan)重或(huo)(huo)接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)不(bu)良(liang)；換向器(qi)污(wu)染嚴(yan)重或(huo)(huo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)線圈(quan)(quan)不(bu)開路