一、電動客車的總體維護分為哪三個方面
電動客車相比傳統的(de)燃油客車,沒有那么多的(de)維(wei)(wei)護保養要(yao)求,不過為了避免故障頻發,延長使(shi)用(yong)壽命,還(huan)是有必要(yao)對(dui)其進行(xing)維(wei)(wei)護的(de),電動客車的(de)維(wei)(wei)護保養主要(yao)分(fen)為三個方面:
1、常規性(xing)維(wei)(wei)護(hu):包括日常的檢查維(wei)(wei)護(hu)、一級維(wei)(wei)護(hu)和二級維(wei)(wei)護(hu)。
2、季(ji)節性維護:每個季(ji)度換季(ji)時應進行的清潔、維護。
3、磨(mo)合(he)期(qi)維(wei)護:新車或大修后的初駛(shi)路段需要(yao)進行磨(mo)合(he)期(qi)維(wei)護,包括清(qing)潔、檢(jian)查、緊固、調整、潤滑(hua)和補給等。
二、如何維護保養新能源電動客車
1、電動客車蓄電池的檢查及維護
(1)電動客車蓄電池的檢查
檢查(cha)外殼有無(wu)裂紋或破(po)(po)損;檢查(cha)電(dian)(dian)動客車蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)安(an)裝(zhuang)狀態(tai),是(shi)(shi)否(fou)被腐蝕(shi)以及(ji)連換導線有無(wu)破(po)(po)損;檢查(cha)接(jie)線柱是(shi)(shi)否(fou)生銹、腐蝕(shi),連接(jie)導線有無(wu)破(po)(po)損;檢查(cha)蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的表面(mian)(mian)是(shi)(shi)否(fou)臟污(wu),通氣孔是(shi)(shi)否(fou)暢通等;檢查(cha)蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)解液(ye)(ye)液(ye)(ye)面(mian)(mian)高度(du)是(shi)(shi)否(fou)在(zai)(zai)LEVEL線附近,或是(shi)(shi)否(fou)為15mm,當(dang)液(ye)(ye)面(mian)(mian)高度(du)過(guo)低時,應添加(jia)(jia)蒸餾水,不允許加(jia)(jia)自來水或電(dian)(dian)解液(ye)(ye);檢查(cha)蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)壓,單格(ge)電(dian)(dian)壓應在(zai)(zai)2v以上;檢查(cha)蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)解液(ye)(ye)的密度(du),在(zai)(zai)20℃時應為1.280;清洗蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi),保持蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)清潔可以防止蓄電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)過(guo)多(duo)的自行(xing)放電(dian)(dian)。
(2)電動客車蓄電池的維護
在拆(chai)(chai)下(或(huo)(huo)安(an)(an)裝)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)連(lian)線(xian)(xian)時(shi)(shi),為防(fang)止(zhi)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)短路,必(bi)須(xu)先拆(chai)(chai)下(或(huo)(huo)裝上(shang))地線(xian)(xian);蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的上(shang)部和(he)有(you)關連(lian)接(jie)(jie)導線(xian)(xian)應(ying)保持清潔和(he)干燥;在搬運蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)時(shi)(shi)千萬(wan)注意不要(yao)摔壞蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi);檢修車(che)輛時(shi)(shi)不允許把(ba)(ba)金屬工具放在蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)上(shang);安(an)(an)裝蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)時(shi)(shi),千萬(wan)注意不要(yao)接(jie)(jie)錯極性,否則會燒(shao)壞有(you)關連(lian)接(jie)(jie)導線(xian)(xian)和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)設(she)備;蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的連(lian)接(jie)(jie)線(xian)(xian)與(yu)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)接(jie)(jie)線(xian)(xian)柱應(ying)接(jie)(jie)觸可靠;如果電(dian)(dian)(dian)動客(ke)車(che)較長時(shi)(shi)間(jian)不用,應(ying)把(ba)(ba)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)從車(che)上(shang)拆(chai)(chai)下并(bing)放在陰涼通風的地方。
2、電動客車的電機定期保養
(1)從(cong)車上卸下電(dian)機待查。
(2)用(yong)250MΩ兆歐(ou)表測量電機冷態絕(jue)緣電阻,其阻值應(ying)大于0. 5MΩ。
(3)用(yong)手轉動軸頭查(cha)電樞是否(fou)轉動靈(ling)活(huo),應無卡擦現象。
(4)打開防護(hu)罩觀(guan)察每個(ge)電(dian)刷(shua)的磨(mo)損程度。4個(ge)電(dian)刷(shua)中只(zhi)要有一個(ge)電(dian)刷(shua)的高(gao)度小于(yu)12mm時,即(ji)需更換全部電(dian)刷(shua)。
(5)觀察(cha)換向(xiang)器的(de)表(biao)面(mian),正常的(de)表(biao)面(mian)應該是光(guang)滑(hua)的(de)且呈紫(zi)黑色,如表(biao)面(mian)粗糙,高低不平(ping),即認為該換向(xiang)器表(biao)面(mian)需重新車光(guang)。
(6)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)正常(chang)情況(kuang)下(xia),用(yong)萬用(yong)表的通(tong)(tong)斷檔測(ce)量電(dian)(dian)機(ji)電(dian)(dian)樞線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(A1、 A2)或(huo)(huo)(huo)勵磁線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(S1、S2或(huo)(huo)(huo)F1、F2)時(shi),萬用(yong)表應(ying)顯(xian)示(shi)是導通(tong)(tong)的,且阻值顯(xian)示(shi)接近0(常(chang)溫下(xia),一般只有零點幾歐)。若測(ce)量到的阻值大于(yu)1Ω,或(huo)(huo)(huo)根本不導通(tong)(tong)則(ze)可以判斷電(dian)(dian)機(ji)有故(gu)障。故(gu)障原因可能是:電(dian)(dian)機(ji)線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)故(gu)障;電(dian)(dian)機(ji)碳刷磨損嚴重或(huo)(huo)(huo)接觸不良;換(huan)向器(qi)污染(ran)嚴重或(huo)(huo)(huo)電(dian)(dian)機(ji)線(xian)(xian)圈(quan)不開路