一、電動客車的總體維護分為哪三個方面
電動客(ke)(ke)車(che)相比傳統(tong)的燃油(you)客(ke)(ke)車(che),沒有(you)那么多的維護保(bao)養(yang)要(yao)求,不過為了避免(mian)故障頻發,延長(chang)使(shi)用壽(shou)命,還(huan)是(shi)有(you)必要(yao)對其進(jin)行維護的,電動客(ke)(ke)車(che)的維護保(bao)養(yang)主要(yao)分為三個方面:
1、常(chang)規性維(wei)護:包括(kuo)日常(chang)的檢查維(wei)護、一級維(wei)護和二級維(wei)護。
2、季(ji)節性(xing)維護:每個(ge)季(ji)度換季(ji)時應進(jin)行(xing)的清潔(jie)、維護。
3、磨(mo)(mo)合期維護:新車或大修(xiu)后的初駛路段需要(yao)進行磨(mo)(mo)合期維護,包括清潔(jie)、檢(jian)查、緊固、調整、潤滑(hua)和(he)補給等。
二、如何維護保養新能源電動客車
1、電動客車蓄電池的檢查及維護
(1)電動客車蓄電池的檢查
檢(jian)(jian)查外殼(ke)有無(wu)裂紋或(huo)破(po)損(sun);檢(jian)(jian)查電(dian)(dian)(dian)動客車蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)安裝狀態,是(shi)否(fou)被腐(fu)蝕(shi)以(yi)及連換導線(xian)有無(wu)破(po)損(sun);檢(jian)(jian)查接線(xian)柱是(shi)否(fou)生銹、腐(fu)蝕(shi),連接導線(xian)有無(wu)破(po)損(sun);檢(jian)(jian)查蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的表面是(shi)否(fou)臟污(wu),通氣孔是(shi)否(fou)暢通等;檢(jian)(jian)查蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)(ye)液(ye)(ye)面高(gao)度(du)是(shi)否(fou)在LEVEL線(xian)附近,或(huo)是(shi)否(fou)為15mm,當液(ye)(ye)面高(gao)度(du)過低時(shi)(shi),應添加(jia)(jia)蒸餾水,不允(yun)許加(jia)(jia)自來(lai)水或(huo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)(ye);檢(jian)(jian)查蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓,單格電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓應在2v以(yi)上;檢(jian)(jian)查蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液(ye)(ye)的密度(du),在20℃時(shi)(shi)應為1.280;清洗蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi),保持(chi)蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)清潔可以(yi)防止蓄(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)過多的自行放電(dian)(dian)(dian)。
(2)電動客車蓄電池的維護
在拆下(或(huo)安(an)裝)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)連(lian)線(xian)(xian)時(shi),為防止蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)短路,必須先拆下(或(huo)裝上(shang))地(di)線(xian)(xian);蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)上(shang)部和(he)有(you)關(guan)(guan)連(lian)接導線(xian)(xian)應(ying)(ying)保持清潔和(he)干燥;在搬運蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)時(shi)千萬注(zhu)意不要摔壞蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi);檢(jian)修(xiu)車輛時(shi)不允許把金屬工具(ju)放(fang)在蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)上(shang);安(an)裝蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)時(shi),千萬注(zhu)意不要接錯極性,否則(ze)會燒壞有(you)關(guan)(guan)連(lian)接導線(xian)(xian)和(he)電(dian)(dian)氣(qi)設備;蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)連(lian)接線(xian)(xian)與蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)接線(xian)(xian)柱應(ying)(ying)接觸可(ke)靠(kao);如(ru)果電(dian)(dian)動客車較長時(shi)間不用,應(ying)(ying)把蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)從車上(shang)拆下并放(fang)在陰涼通風(feng)的(de)地(di)方。
2、電動客車的電機定期保養
(1)從車上卸下電(dian)機待(dai)查。
(2)用250MΩ兆歐(ou)表測量電機冷態絕(jue)緣(yuan)電阻(zu),其(qi)阻(zu)值應大于0. 5MΩ。
(3)用手轉動軸頭查電(dian)樞是(shi)否轉動靈(ling)活(huo),應無(wu)卡擦現象。
(4)打(da)開防護罩觀(guan)察每個(ge)電(dian)刷(shua)的(de)(de)磨損程(cheng)度。4個(ge)電(dian)刷(shua)中(zhong)只要有(you)一個(ge)電(dian)刷(shua)的(de)(de)高(gao)度小于12mm時,即需更換全部(bu)電(dian)刷(shua)。
(5)觀察換向器的表面(mian),正常的表面(mian)應該是光(guang)滑的且呈紫(zi)黑色,如(ru)表面(mian)粗糙,高(gao)低不平,即認為該換向器表面(mian)需重(zhong)新車光(guang)。
(6)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)線圈正(zheng)常情(qing)況下,用萬用表(biao)的(de)通(tong)斷檔測量電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)樞線圈(A1、 A2)或勵磁線圈(S1、S2或F1、F2)時,萬用表(biao)應顯示是導通(tong)的(de),且阻值(zhi)顯示接(jie)近0(常溫下,一般只有(you)零點幾歐)。若測量到的(de)阻值(zhi)大于1Ω,或根本不(bu)導通(tong)則(ze)可(ke)以判斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)有(you)故(gu)障(zhang)。故(gu)障(zhang)原因(yin)可(ke)能是:電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)線圈故(gu)障(zhang);電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)碳刷磨損嚴重或接(jie)觸不(bu)良;換向器污染(ran)嚴重或電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)線圈不(bu)開路(lu)