一、電動客車的總體維護分為哪三個方面

電動客車(che)相比傳(chuan)統的燃(ran)油客車(che)，沒有那么多(duo)的維護(hu)保養要求，不過(guo)為了(le)避(bi)免故障頻發，延長使(shi)用壽命，還(huan)是(shi)有必要對其進行維護(hu)的，電動客車(che)的維護(hu)保養主要分為三個方(fang)面(mian)：

1、常規性維(wei)(wei)護：包括日常的檢(jian)查維(wei)(wei)護、一級維(wei)(wei)護和二級維(wei)(wei)護。

2、季節性維護：每個季度換(huan)季時應(ying)進行的清潔、維護。

3、磨合期維護(hu)：新(xin)車或(huo)大修后的(de)初駛(shi)路段需要(yao)進行磨合期維護(hu)，包括清(qing)潔、檢(jian)查、緊固、調整(zheng)、潤滑(hua)和(he)補給等(deng)。

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二、如何維護保養新能源電動客車

1、電動客車蓄電池的檢查及維護

（1）電動客車蓄電池的檢查

檢(jian)查(cha)外殼有無裂(lie)紋或(huo)破損；檢(jian)查(cha)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動客車(che)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)安裝狀態，是(shi)否(fou)被(bei)腐蝕以(yi)及(ji)連(lian)換導線(xian)有無破損；檢(jian)查(cha)接線(xian)柱是(shi)否(fou)生銹(xiu)、腐蝕，連(lian)接導線(xian)有無破損；檢(jian)查(cha)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)表面是(shi)否(fou)臟污，通氣孔是(shi)否(fou)暢通等；檢(jian)查(cha)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液液面高度(du)是(shi)否(fou)在LEVEL線(xian)附(fu)近，或(huo)是(shi)否(fou)為15mm，當液面高度(du)過低時(shi)，應添加蒸(zheng)餾水(shui)，不允許加自來(lai)水(shui)或(huo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液；檢(jian)查(cha)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，單格電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓應在2v以(yi)上；檢(jian)查(cha)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液的(de)(de)密度(du)，在20℃時(shi)應為1.280；清洗蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，保(bao)持蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)清潔可以(yi)防(fang)止蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)過多的(de)(de)自行放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

（2）電動客車蓄電池的維護

在拆(chai)下（或(huo)安(an)裝(zhuang)）蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)連線(xian)時(shi)，為防止(zhi)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)短(duan)路(lu)，必須先(xian)拆(chai)下（或(huo)裝(zhuang)上(shang)）地(di)線(xian)；蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)上(shang)部和有(you)關連接(jie)(jie)導(dao)線(xian)應(ying)保持清潔(jie)和干燥；在搬運(yun)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)時(shi)千萬注(zhu)意(yi)不(bu)(bu)要摔壞蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)；檢(jian)修車(che)輛時(shi)不(bu)(bu)允許把金屬工具(ju)放在蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)上(shang)；安(an)裝(zhuang)蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)時(shi)，千萬注(zhu)意(yi)不(bu)(bu)要接(jie)(jie)錯(cuo)極(ji)性，否則會燒壞有(you)關連接(jie)(jie)導(dao)線(xian)和電(dian)(dian)氣設備；蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)連接(jie)(jie)線(xian)與蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)接(jie)(jie)線(xian)柱應(ying)接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)可(ke)靠；如果電(dian)(dian)動客車(che)較長時(shi)間不(bu)(bu)用，應(ying)把蓄(xu)(xu)(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)從車(che)上(shang)拆(chai)下并放在陰涼通風的(de)地(di)方。

2、電動客車的電機定期保養

（1）從車(che)上卸(xie)下(xia)電機(ji)待查。

（2）用250MΩ兆歐表測量電機(ji)冷態絕緣電阻，其(qi)阻值應(ying)大于0. 5MΩ。

（3）用手(shou)轉動(dong)軸頭查電(dian)樞是(shi)否(fou)轉動(dong)靈活，應無卡(ka)擦現(xian)象。

（4）打開防護罩觀察(cha)每個電(dian)刷(shua)的磨損程度(du)。4個電(dian)刷(shua)中只要有一個電(dian)刷(shua)的高(gao)度(du)小于12mm時，即需更換全部電(dian)刷(shua)。

（5）觀察換向器(qi)的(de)表(biao)面(mian)，正常的(de)表(biao)面(mian)應該是光(guang)滑的(de)且呈紫黑色，如(ru)表(biao)面(mian)粗糙(cao)，高低(di)不平，即認為該換向器(qi)表(biao)面(mian)需重(zhong)新車(che)光(guang)。

（6）電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)線(xian)圈(quan)(quan)正常(chang)情況下，用萬(wan)(wan)用表(biao)(biao)的通(tong)斷檔(dang)測(ce)量(liang)電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)電(dian)樞(shu)線(xian)圈(quan)(quan)（A1、 A2）或勵磁線(xian)圈(quan)(quan)（S1、S2或F1、F2）時，萬(wan)(wan)用表(biao)(biao)應顯示是導通(tong)的，且阻值顯示接近0（常(chang)溫下，一般只有(you)零點幾(ji)歐）。若測(ce)量(liang)到的阻值大于1Ω，或根(gen)本不導通(tong)則可以判斷電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)有(you)故障。故障原因可能是：電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)線(xian)圈(quan)(quan)故障；電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)碳刷磨損嚴重或接觸不良；換向器污(wu)染嚴重或電(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)線(xian)圈(quan)(quan)不開路