一、箱式變電站屬于什么設備

箱式變電站，又叫預(yu)(yu)裝式(shi)變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)所(suo)或(huo)預(yu)(yu)裝式(shi)變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站。是一(yi)(yi)種高壓(ya)(ya)(ya)開關(guan)設(she)備、配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器和(he)低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)裝置(zhi)(zhi)，按一(yi)(yi)定接線方案排成一(yi)(yi)體的(de)(de)(de)工(gong)廠預(yu)(yu)制戶(hu)內、戶(hu)外緊湊式(shi)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設(she)備，即(ji)將變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器降(jiang)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)、低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)等功能有(you)(you)機地組合在(zai)一(yi)(yi)起，安(an)裝在(zai)一(yi)(yi)個防(fang)(fang)潮、防(fang)(fang)銹、防(fang)(fang)塵(chen)、防(fang)(fang)鼠、防(fang)(fang)火、防(fang)(fang)盜、隔熱、全(quan)封(feng)閉、可移動的(de)(de)(de)鋼結構(gou)箱，特別適用(yong)于城網建設(she)與(yu)改造(zao)，是繼土建變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站之后崛起的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)種嶄(zhan)新的(de)(de)(de)變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站。箱式(shi)變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站適用(yong)于礦山、工(gong)廠企業、油氣田和(he)風力發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站，它替代了原有(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)土建配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)房，配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站，成為新型的(de)(de)(de)成套變(bian)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)裝置(zhi)(zhi)。

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二、箱式變電站的特點

箱(xiang)式變電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)主(zhu)要由多回(hui)路高壓開(kai)關(guan)系統、鎧裝母線、變電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)綜(zong)合自動(dong)化(hua)系統、通(tong)訊、遠(yuan)動(dong)、計量、電(dian)(dian)容(rong)補償(chang)及直流電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)等電(dian)(dian)氣單元(yuan)組合而成，安裝在(zai)一(yi)個防(fang)潮、防(fang)銹、防(fang)塵、防(fang)鼠、防(fang)火、防(fang)盜、隔(ge)熱、全(quan)封閉(bi)(bi)、可移動(dong)的鋼(gang)結構(gou)箱(xiang)體內，機(ji)電(dian)(dian)一(yi)體化(hua)，全(quan)封閉(bi)(bi)運行，主(zhu)要有(you)以下特點(dian)：

1、技術先進安全可靠

箱體(ti)部分(fen)采(cai)用(yong)國內(nei)領(ling)先(xian)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)及工藝(yi)，外(wai)(wai)殼一般采(cai)用(yong)鍍鋁(lv)鋅鋼板(ban)，框架采(cai)用(yong)標準集裝箱材料及制作(zuo)工藝(yi)，有良(liang)好的防(fang)腐性(xing)能，保證20年(nian)不(bu)(bu)銹蝕(shi)，內(nei)封(feng)板(ban)采(cai)用(yong)鋁(lv)合金扣板(ban)，夾層采(cai)用(yong)防(fang)火(huo)保溫材料，箱體(ti)內(nei)安(an)裝空(kong)調及除濕(shi)裝置，設備運(yun)行(xing)不(bu)(bu)受自(zi)然(ran)氣候(hou)環境及外(wai)(wai)界污染(ran)影響，可保證在-40℃～+40℃的惡劣環境下正常(chang)運(yun)行(xing)。箱體(ti)內(nei)一次(ci)設備采(cai)用(yong)全封(feng)閉(bi)高壓開關柜（如：xgn型）、干式(shi)變(bian)壓器(qi)、干式(shi)互感器(qi)、真空(kong)斷路器(qi)，彈(dan)簧操作(zuo)機構、旋轉隔離(li)開關等(deng)國內(nei)技(ji)(ji)術(shu)領(ling)先(xian)設備，產品無裸露帶(dai)電部分(fen)，為(wei)全封(feng)閉(bi)、全絕緣結構，完(wan)全能達到零觸電事故，全站可實(shi)現無油化(hua)運(yun)行(xing)，安(an)全性(xing)高，二次(ci)采(cai)用(yong)微(wei)機綜合自(zi)動(dong)化(hua)系(xi)統，可實(shi)現無人值守。

2、自動化程度高

全站智能化(hua)設(she)計，保(bao)(bao)護系統采用變電(dian)站微(wei)機綜合自(zi)動(dong)化(hua)裝(zhuang)置，分散安裝(zhuang)，可(ke)實現"四遙(yao)"，即遙(yao)測、遙(yao)信(xin)、遙(yao)控(kong)、遙(yao)調，每個單元均具有獨立運(yun)行(xing)(xing)功能，繼(ji)電(dian)保(bao)(bao)護功能齊全，可(ke)對(dui)運(yun)行(xing)(xing)參數進行(xing)(xing)遠方設(she)置，對(dui)箱體(ti)內濕度、溫度進行(xing)(xing)控(kong)制和遠方煙霧報警，滿(man)足無人值班的要求(qiu)；根(gen)據需要還(huan)可(ke)實現圖像遠程監控(kong)。

3、工廠預制化

設(she)計時，只要(yao)設(she)計人員根據變(bian)電站(zhan)的(de)實際要(yao)求(qiu)，作出一次(ci)(ci)主(zhu)接線圖和箱(xiang)外設(she)備(bei)的(de)設(she)計，就可以選擇由廠家提(ti)供的(de)箱(xiang)變(bian)規(gui)格(ge)和型(xing)號，所(suo)有(you)設(she)備(bei)在工(gong)(gong)(gong)廠一次(ci)(ci)安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)、調試合格(ge)，真正實現變(bian)電站(zhan)建(jian)設(she)工(gong)(gong)(gong)廠化，縮短(duan)了設(she)計制造周期；現場安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)僅需(xu)箱(xiang)體(ti)定位、箱(xiang)體(ti)間電纜(lan)聯絡(luo)、出線電纜(lan)連接、保(bao)護定值(zhi)校驗、傳動試驗及其它(ta)需(xu)調試的(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)作，整個變(bian)電站(zhan)從安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)到投(tou)運大約(yue)只需(xu)5～8天的(de)時間，大大縮短(duan)了建(jian)設(she)工(gong)(gong)(gong)期。

4、組合方式靈活

箱(xiang)(xiang)式變(bian)電站由(you)于(yu)結(jie)構比(bi)較緊湊，每個箱(xiang)(xiang)均(jun)構成一(yi)個獨(du)立(li)系統(tong)，這就使得組(zu)合(he)方式靈活(huo)多(duo)變(bian)，一(yi)方面，我們可以全(quan)(quan)部采用(yong)箱(xiang)(xiang)式，也就是說，35kv及(ji)10kv設備(bei)全(quan)(quan)部箱(xiang)(xiang)內安(an)裝，組(zu)成全(quan)(quan)箱(xiang)(xiang)式變(bian)電站；也可以僅用(yong)10kv開關(guan)箱(xiang)(xiang)，35kv設備(bei)室外(wai)安(an)裝，10kv設備(bei)及(ji)控保系統(tong)箱(xiang)(xiang)內安(an)裝，對于(yu)這種組(zu)合(he)方式，特別適用(yong)于(yu)農(nong)網改造(zao)中(zhong)的舊站改造(zao)，即原(yuan)有35kv設備(bei)不動，僅安(an)裝一(yi)個10kv開關(guan)箱(xiang)(xiang)即可達(da)到無人值守(shou)的要(yao)求(qiu)。總之，箱(xiang)(xiang)式變(bian)電站沒有固定的組(zu)合(he)模(mo)式，使用(yong)單位可根據實際情況(kuang)自由(you)組(zu)合(he)一(yi)些模(mo)式，以滿足安(an)全(quan)(quan)運行的需要(yao)。

5、投資省見效快

箱式變(bian)(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)較同規(gui)模常(chang)規(gui)變(bian)(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)所減(jian)少投資(zi)40%～50%，以35kv單主變(bian)(bian)(bian)4000kva規(gui)模變(bian)(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)所計算(suan)，土(tu)建工(gong)(gong)程（包括征地(di)費(fei)用(yong)）箱式變(bian)(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)要比常(chang)規(gui)變(bian)(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)所節約100余萬(wan)(wan)元；若(ruo)從竣(jun)工(gong)(gong)投產角度(du)分(fen)(fen)析，保守估計按每站(zhan)(zhan)提前4個(ge)月投運計算(suan)，若(ruo)平(ping)均(jun)負荷2000kw，售電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)利潤(run)0.10元/kw.h，三個(ge)月可(ke)增加凈利潤(run)60余萬(wan)(wan)元；從運行角度(du)分(fen)(fen)析，在箱式變(bian)(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)中(zhong)，由于先進(jin)設備的(de)選用(yong)，特別(bie)是(shi)無(wu)油設備運行，從根本上徹底解決了常(chang)規(gui)變(bian)(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)所中(zhong)的(de)設備滲漏問題，變(bian)(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)(zhan)可(ke)實行狀(zhuang)態檢修，減(jian)少維(wei)護工(gong)(gong)作量，每年可(ke)節約運行維(wei)護費(fei)用(yong)10萬(wan)(wan)元左右(you)，整體經濟效益十(shi)分(fen)(fen)可(ke)觀。

6、占地面積小

以4000kva單主(zhu)(zhu)變(bian)(bian)(bian)規模變(bian)(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)所為例(li)，建(jian)設一座常規35kv變(bian)(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)所，大(da)約需占(zhan)地(di)3000m左右，而且(qie)需要進行大(da)規模的土建(jian)工程；而選(xuan)用箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)式變(bian)(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)，主(zhu)(zhu)變(bian)(bian)(bian)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)和(he)開關(guan)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)兩(liang)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)體(ti)占(zhan)地(di)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)最小(xiao)可至100m，包括35kv其他設備(bei)總占(zhan)地(di)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)最大(da)為300m，僅為同(tong)規模變(bian)(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)所占(zhan)地(di)面(mian)積(ji)(ji)的1/10，可充分利用街(jie)心、廣(guang)場及工廠角隅即(ji)可安裝(zhuang)投(tou)產，符(fu)合國家(jia)節約土地(di)的政策。

7、外形美觀

箱體(ti)外殼采(cai)用鍍鋁鋅鋼板及集裝箱制造技(ji)術，外形設計美(mei)觀，在(zai)保證供電可(ke)靠性前提下，通(tong)過選(xuan)擇箱式(shi)變(bian)電站的(de)外殼顏色，從而(er)極易與(yu)周圍環境協(xie)調(diao)一致(zhi)，特別適用于城市(shi)建設，如：城市(shi)居(ju)民住宅小區、車站、港口(kou)、機(ji)場、公園、綠化帶等人(ren)口(kou)密集地區，它既(ji)可(ke)作為(wei)固定式(shi)變(bian)電所(suo)，也可(ke)作為(wei)移動式(shi)變(bian)電所(suo)，具有點綴和美(mei)化環境的(de)作用。

箱式變電站外(wai)(wai)殼采(cai)用(yong)鋼板或(huo)者合金板，配(pei)有(you)雙層(ceng)頂蓋，隔熱性(xing)好。外(wai)(wai)殼及骨架全部(bu)經過防(fang)腐處理，具有(you)長(chang)期戶(hu)外(wai)(wai)使用(yong)的條件。外(wai)(wai)形及色彩可(ke)與環(huan)境相互協調一致。安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)方便，在箱(xiang)式變(bian)(bian)電(dian)站的基礎下面設有(you)電(dian)纜室(shi)，而在低壓室(shi)內設有(you)人孔可(ke)進入電(dian)纜室(shi)進行工作。從體(ti)(ti)積(ji)上看(kan)，歐式箱(xiang)變(bian)(bian)由(you)于(yu)(yu)內部(bu)安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)常規開關柜及變(bian)(bian)壓器，產品體(ti)(ti)積(ji)較(jiao)大。美式箱(xiang)變(bian)(bian)由(you)于(yu)(yu)采(cai)用(yong)一體(ti)(ti)化安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)體(ti)(ti)積(ji)較(jiao)小。

歐式(shi)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)采用負(fu)(fu)(fu)荷(he)開關(guan)加限流熔(rong)斷(duan)器(qi)(qi)保(bao)護(hu)。發(fa)生一相(xiang)(xiang)熔(rong)斷(duan)器(qi)(qi)熔(rong)斷(duan)時，用熔(rong)斷(duan)器(qi)(qi)的撞(zhuang)針使(shi)負(fu)(fu)(fu)荷(he)開關(guan)三(san)相(xiang)(xiang)同時分(fen)閘，避免缺相(xiang)(xiang)運行(xing)，要求負(fu)(fu)(fu)荷(he)開關(guan)具有切(qie)斷(duan)轉移電(dian)流能(neng)力，低(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)采用負(fu)(fu)(fu)荷(he)開關(guan)加限流熔(rong)斷(duan)器(qi)(qi)保(bao)護(hu)。美(mei)(mei)(mei)式(shi)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)采用熔(rong)斷(duan)器(qi)(qi)保(bao)護(hu)，而負(fu)(fu)(fu)荷(he)開關(guan)只起投(tou)切(qie)轉換(huan)和切(qie)斷(duan)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)負(fu)(fu)(fu)荷(he)電(dian)流的功能(neng)，容量(liang)較(jiao)(jiao)小。當高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)出現一相(xiang)(xiang)熔(rong)絲熔(rong)斷(duan)，低(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)的電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)就降低(di)，塑殼自動空氣開關(guan)欠電(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)保(bao)護(hu)或(huo)過(guo)電(dian)流保(bao)護(hu)就會動作(zuo)，低(di)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)運行(xing)不會發(fa)生。從(cong)產品成本看，歐式(shi)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)成本高(gao)。從(cong)產品降價空間(jian)看，美(mei)(mei)(mei)式(shi)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)還存在(zai)較(jiao)(jiao)大降價空間(jian)，一方面美(mei)(mei)(mei)式(shi)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)三(san)相(xiang)(xiang)五(wu)柱(zhu)鐵(tie)心可改為三(san)相(xiang)(xiang)三(san)柱(zhu)鐵(tie)心，另一方面，美(mei)(mei)(mei)式(shi)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)的高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)部分(fen)可以改型(xing)后從(cong)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)油(you)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)內挪(nuo)到油(you)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)外，占用高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)室空間(jian)。