一、箱式變電站屬于什么設備
箱式變電站,又叫預(yu)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)式變(bian)(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)所(suo)或預(yu)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)式變(bian)(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)。是一(yi)種高壓開關設(she)備、配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓器和低(di)壓配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)置,按一(yi)定接線方案(an)排成(cheng)一(yi)體的(de)工廠預(yu)制戶內(nei)、戶外緊湊式配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)設(she)備,即(ji)將(jiang)變(bian)(bian)(bian)壓器降壓、低(di)壓配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)等功能(neng)有(you)機地組合(he)在一(yi)起,安裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)在一(yi)個防(fang)(fang)潮、防(fang)(fang)銹、防(fang)(fang)塵(chen)、防(fang)(fang)鼠(shu)、防(fang)(fang)火、防(fang)(fang)盜、隔熱、全封(feng)閉、可移動的(de)鋼結構箱(xiang),特別適用(yong)于城網建(jian)設(she)與(yu)改造,是繼土建(jian)變(bian)(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)之后崛起的(de)一(yi)種嶄新的(de)變(bian)(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)。箱(xiang)式變(bian)(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan)適用(yong)于礦山(shan)、工廠企(qi)業、油氣田和風(feng)力發電(dian)(dian)站(zhan),它替(ti)代(dai)了原有(you)的(de)土建(jian)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)房,配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)站(zhan),成(cheng)為新型(xing)的(de)成(cheng)套變(bian)(bian)(bian)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)置。
二、箱式變電站的特點
箱式(shi)變電(dian)站(zhan)主(zhu)要由多回(hui)路高壓開關系(xi)統(tong)(tong)、鎧(kai)裝母(mu)線、變電(dian)站(zhan)綜合自(zi)動化(hua)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)、通訊、遠動、計量(liang)、電(dian)容補償(chang)及直流電(dian)源等電(dian)氣單元組合而成,安(an)裝在(zai)一(yi)個防(fang)(fang)潮、防(fang)(fang)銹、防(fang)(fang)塵、防(fang)(fang)鼠(shu)、防(fang)(fang)火、防(fang)(fang)盜、隔(ge)熱、全(quan)封閉(bi)、可移動的鋼結構箱體(ti)內(nei),機電(dian)一(yi)體(ti)化(hua),全(quan)封閉(bi)運行,主(zhu)要有以下特點(dian):
1、技術先進安全可靠
箱(xiang)體部(bu)分采(cai)用(yong)國(guo)內領先技術及(ji)(ji)工(gong)藝,外殼(ke)一般采(cai)用(yong)鍍鋁鋅鋼板,框(kuang)架(jia)采(cai)用(yong)標準集(ji)裝箱(xiang)材料(liao)及(ji)(ji)制作工(gong)藝,有良好的防腐性(xing)能,保證(zheng)20年不銹蝕,內封(feng)(feng)板采(cai)用(yong)鋁合(he)金(jin)扣板,夾層(ceng)采(cai)用(yong)防火(huo)保溫材料(liao),箱(xiang)體內安(an)裝空調及(ji)(ji)除濕裝置,設備運(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)不受自(zi)然氣候(hou)環(huan)境及(ji)(ji)外界污染影響,可保證(zheng)在(zai)-40℃~+40℃的惡劣環(huan)境下正常(chang)運(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing)。箱(xiang)體內一次設備采(cai)用(yong)全(quan)封(feng)(feng)閉高(gao)壓開關柜(如:xgn型)、干式變壓器、干式互感器、真(zhen)空斷(duan)路器,彈簧操作機(ji)構(gou)、旋(xuan)轉隔離開關等國(guo)內技術領先設備,產品無(wu)裸露(lu)帶電(dian)(dian)部(bu)分,為(wei)全(quan)封(feng)(feng)閉、全(quan)絕緣結構(gou),完全(quan)能達(da)到零觸電(dian)(dian)事故,全(quan)站可實(shi)現(xian)(xian)無(wu)油化(hua)運(yun)(yun)行(xing)(xing),安(an)全(quan)性(xing)高(gao),二次采(cai)用(yong)微機(ji)綜合(he)自(zi)動化(hua)系統,可實(shi)現(xian)(xian)無(wu)人(ren)值守。
2、自動化程度高
全(quan)站(zhan)智能(neng)化(hua)設(she)計,保護(hu)系統(tong)采(cai)用(yong)變電(dian)站(zhan)微機綜合(he)自(zi)動化(hua)裝置(zhi)(zhi),分散(san)安裝,可(ke)(ke)實現(xian)"四遙",即遙測、遙信、遙控(kong)、遙調,每個單(dan)元均具有獨立運行功能(neng),繼電(dian)保護(hu)功能(neng)齊全(quan),可(ke)(ke)對(dui)運行參數進行遠(yuan)方設(she)置(zhi)(zhi),對(dui)箱體內(nei)濕度、溫度進行控(kong)制(zhi)和遠(yuan)方煙霧報警,滿足無人值(zhi)班的要求(qiu);根據需要還可(ke)(ke)實現(xian)圖(tu)像遠(yuan)程監控(kong)。
3、工廠預制化
設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)時(shi),只(zhi)要(yao)(yao)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)人員根據(ju)變電站的實際要(yao)(yao)求,作出一次(ci)主接(jie)線(xian)(xian)圖和箱(xiang)(xiang)外設(she)(she)備(bei)的設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji),就可以選擇由廠(chang)(chang)家提供的箱(xiang)(xiang)變規格和型號,所(suo)有設(she)(she)備(bei)在工(gong)廠(chang)(chang)一次(ci)安(an)(an)裝、調試合格,真正實現變電站建設(she)(she)工(gong)廠(chang)(chang)化,縮(suo)短了(le)設(she)(she)計(ji)(ji)制造周期(qi)(qi);現場(chang)安(an)(an)裝僅需(xu)(xu)箱(xiang)(xiang)體定(ding)位(wei)、箱(xiang)(xiang)體間電纜(lan)聯絡、出線(xian)(xian)電纜(lan)連接(jie)、保(bao)護定(ding)值校驗(yan)(yan)、傳動(dong)試驗(yan)(yan)及其它(ta)需(xu)(xu)調試的工(gong)作,整個變電站從(cong)安(an)(an)裝到投運大約只(zhi)需(xu)(xu)5~8天的時(shi)間,大大縮(suo)短了(le)建設(she)(she)工(gong)期(qi)(qi)。
4、組合方式靈活
箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)式(shi)變電站(zhan)由于(yu)結(jie)構比較緊湊,每個箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)均(jun)構成一個獨(du)立系統,這就使得組合(he)方式(shi)靈活多(duo)變,一方面,我們(men)可以全(quan)部采用(yong)(yong)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)式(shi),也(ye)就是說,35kv及(ji)10kv設(she)(she)備(bei)全(quan)部箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)內安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang),組成全(quan)箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)式(shi)變電站(zhan);也(ye)可以僅(jin)(jin)用(yong)(yong)10kv開關箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),35kv設(she)(she)備(bei)室外(wai)安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang),10kv設(she)(she)備(bei)及(ji)控保系統箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)內安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang),對于(yu)這種組合(he)方式(shi),特(te)別適用(yong)(yong)于(yu)農網改造中的(de)舊站(zhan)改造,即原(yuan)有35kv設(she)(she)備(bei)不動(dong),僅(jin)(jin)安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)一個10kv開關箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)即可達(da)到無(wu)人值守的(de)要求(qiu)。總(zong)之,箱(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)式(shi)變電站(zhan)沒有固定(ding)的(de)組合(he)模(mo)式(shi),使用(yong)(yong)單位可根(gen)據實(shi)際情況自由組合(he)一些模(mo)式(shi),以滿足安(an)全(quan)運行的(de)需要。
5、投資省見效快
箱式(shi)變(bian)(bian)電(dian)站較(jiao)同規(gui)模常規(gui)變(bian)(bian)電(dian)所(suo)減(jian)(jian)少投資40%~50%,以35kv單主變(bian)(bian)4000kva規(gui)模變(bian)(bian)電(dian)所(suo)計算(suan),土建工(gong)程(包括征地(di)費用)箱式(shi)變(bian)(bian)電(dian)站要比(bi)常規(gui)變(bian)(bian)電(dian)所(suo)節約100余萬(wan)(wan)元(yuan);若從竣工(gong)投產角度(du)分析,保守估計按每站提前4個月(yue)投運計算(suan),若平(ping)均負荷2000kw,售電(dian)利(li)(li)潤0.10元(yuan)/kw.h,三個月(yue)可(ke)(ke)增加(jia)凈利(li)(li)潤60余萬(wan)(wan)元(yuan);從運行角度(du)分析,在箱式(shi)變(bian)(bian)電(dian)站中(zhong),由于先(xian)進設備(bei)的(de)選用,特別是(shi)無(wu)油(you)設備(bei)運行,從根(gen)本上徹底解(jie)決(jue)了常規(gui)變(bian)(bian)電(dian)所(suo)中(zhong)的(de)設備(bei)滲(shen)漏問(wen)題,變(bian)(bian)電(dian)站可(ke)(ke)實行狀態檢修,減(jian)(jian)少維護工(gong)作量,每年可(ke)(ke)節約運行維護費用10萬(wan)(wan)元(yuan)左右,整體(ti)經濟(ji)效(xiao)益十分可(ke)(ke)觀。
6、占地面積小
以(yi)4000kva單主(zhu)變規(gui)(gui)模變電所為例,建設一座常(chang)規(gui)(gui)35kv變電所,大(da)約需占(zhan)地(di)(di)(di)3000m左右,而且需要進(jin)行大(da)規(gui)(gui)模的(de)(de)土建工程;而選(xuan)用箱(xiang)(xiang)式變電站,主(zhu)變箱(xiang)(xiang)和開(kai)關(guan)箱(xiang)(xiang)兩箱(xiang)(xiang)體占(zhan)地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)積(ji)最(zui)小(xiao)可至100m,包括(kuo)35kv其他設備總占(zhan)地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)積(ji)最(zui)大(da)為300m,僅(jin)為同規(gui)(gui)模變電所占(zhan)地(di)(di)(di)面(mian)積(ji)的(de)(de)1/10,可充(chong)分(fen)利用街心(xin)、廣場及(ji)工廠角隅即可安裝投(tou)產,符合國家節(jie)約土地(di)(di)(di)的(de)(de)政策。
7、外形美觀
箱(xiang)體外殼采用(yong)(yong)鍍鋁鋅鋼(gang)板(ban)及集裝箱(xiang)制造技術,外形設計美觀,在保證供電(dian)可(ke)靠性前提下,通過選(xuan)擇箱(xiang)式變電(dian)站的外殼顏色(se),從(cong)而極易與周圍環(huan)境協調(diao)一致,特(te)別(bie)適用(yong)(yong)于(yu)城市建設,如:城市居民住宅小區(qu)、車站、港口(kou)、機場、公園、綠化(hua)帶等人口(kou)密集地區(qu),它既可(ke)作(zuo)為(wei)固(gu)定式變電(dian)所,也可(ke)作(zuo)為(wei)移動(dong)式變電(dian)所,具有點(dian)綴和(he)美化(hua)環(huan)境的作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)。
箱式變電站外(wai)殼采用鋼板(ban)(ban)或者合金(jin)板(ban)(ban),配有雙層(ceng)頂蓋(gai),隔熱性好。外(wai)殼及骨架全部經(jing)過(guo)防(fang)腐處理,具有長(chang)期戶外(wai)使用的條件。外(wai)形及色彩可(ke)與環境相互(hu)協調一致。安(an)裝方便,在(zai)(zai)箱式(shi)變(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站的基礎下面設有電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)室,而在(zai)(zai)低壓室內設有人孔可(ke)進(jin)入(ru)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)室進(jin)行工作。從體積上看,歐式(shi)箱變(bian)由(you)于內部安(an)裝常規開關柜及變(bian)壓器,產品(pin)體積較(jiao)大(da)。美(mei)式(shi)箱變(bian)由(you)于采用一體化安(an)裝體積較(jiao)小。
歐式(shi)(shi)箱(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)負(fu)(fu)(fu)荷(he)開(kai)關(guan)加限流(liu)(liu)熔(rong)斷(duan)器(qi)(qi)保(bao)護(hu)。發生(sheng)一(yi)相熔(rong)斷(duan)器(qi)(qi)熔(rong)斷(duan)時,用(yong)(yong)熔(rong)斷(duan)器(qi)(qi)的撞針(zhen)使(shi)負(fu)(fu)(fu)荷(he)開(kai)關(guan)三(san)相同時分閘(zha),避(bi)免缺(que)相運行,要求負(fu)(fu)(fu)荷(he)開(kai)關(guan)具有切(qie)斷(duan)轉移(yi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)能力,低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)負(fu)(fu)(fu)荷(he)開(kai)關(guan)加限流(liu)(liu)熔(rong)斷(duan)器(qi)(qi)保(bao)護(hu)。美(mei)式(shi)(shi)箱(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)熔(rong)斷(duan)器(qi)(qi)保(bao)護(hu),而負(fu)(fu)(fu)荷(he)開(kai)關(guan)只(zhi)起投切(qie)轉換和切(qie)斷(duan)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)負(fu)(fu)(fu)荷(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)的功(gong)能,容量(liang)較小。當高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)出現一(yi)相熔(rong)絲熔(rong)斷(duan),低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)側(ce)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)就降低,塑(su)殼自動(dong)空氣(qi)開(kai)關(guan)欠電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)保(bao)護(hu)或過電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)保(bao)護(hu)就會動(dong)作(zuo),低壓(ya)(ya)(ya)運行不會發生(sheng)。從產品成本看(kan),歐式(shi)(shi)箱(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)成本高(gao)(gao)。從產品降價空間看(kan),美(mei)式(shi)(shi)箱(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)還存在較大(da)降價空間,一(yi)方面(mian)美(mei)式(shi)(shi)箱(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)三(san)相五柱鐵心可(ke)改(gai)為(wei)三(san)相三(san)柱鐵心,另一(yi)方面(mian),美(mei)式(shi)(shi)箱(xiang)(xiang)變(bian)的高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)部(bu)分可(ke)以改(gai)型后(hou)從變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi)油(you)箱(xiang)(xiang)內挪(nuo)到油(you)箱(xiang)(xiang)外,占(zhan)用(yong)(yong)高(gao)(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)室空間。