一、電源避雷器的工作原理是什么
1、雷(lei)(lei)(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)及(ji)其它強(qiang)干(gan)擾對通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)信(xin)系統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)致損(sun)(sun)及(ji)由(you)此引起的(de)(de)(de)(de)后果是(shi)(shi)嚴(yan)重的(de)(de)(de)(de),雷(lei)(lei)(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)防(fang)護(hu)將成(cheng)為必需。雷(lei)(lei)(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)由(you)高(gao)能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)低頻(pin)(pin)成(cheng)分與極具滲(shen)透性的(de)(de)(de)(de)高(gao)頻(pin)(pin)成(cheng)分組成(cheng)。其主(zhu)要通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)過兩種(zhong)(zhong)形式(shi),電(dian)(dian)(dian)源防(fang)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)器一種(zhong)(zhong)是(shi)(shi)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)過金屬管線(xian)或地(di)線(xian)直接傳導雷(lei)(lei)(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)致損(sun)(sun)設備;一種(zhong)(zhong)是(shi)(shi)閃電(dian)(dian)(dian)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)道(dao)(dao)及(ji)泄流通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)道(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)脈(mo)沖以各(ge)種(zhong)(zhong)耦合方(fang)式(shi)感應到金屬管線(xian)或地(di)線(xian)產(chan)(chan)生浪涌(yong)致損(sun)(sun)設備。絕(jue)大部分雷(lei)(lei)(lei)損(sun)(sun)由(you)這種(zhong)(zhong)感應而引起。對于電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)信(xin)息設備而言,危害(hai)主(zhu)要來自于由(you)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)引起的(de)(de)(de)(de)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)脈(mo)沖的(de)(de)(de)(de)耦合能(neng)量,通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)過以下三(san)個通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)道(dao)(dao)所產(chan)(chan)生的(de)(de)(de)(de)瞬(shun)態浪涌(yong)。金屬管線(xian)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)道(dao)(dao),如自來水管、電(dian)(dian)(dian)源線(xian)、天饋線(xian)、信(xin)號線(xian)、航空(kong)障礙(ai)燈引線(xian)等產(chan)(chan)生的(de)(de)(de)(de)浪涌(yong);地(di)線(xian)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)道(dao)(dao),地(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)們反(fan)擊;空(kong)間(jian)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)道(dao)(dao),電(dian)(dian)(dian)源防(fang)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)器的(de)(de)(de)(de)輻射能(neng)量。
2、其(qi)中(zhong)金屬管線通道(dao)的(de)浪涌(yong)和地線通道(dao)的(de)地電(dian)位反擊是電(dian)子信息(xi)系統(tong)致損的(de)主要原(yuan)因,它的(de)最見的(de)致損形式是在電(dian)力線上(shang)引起的(de)雷損,所以需(xu)作為防(fang)擴的(de)重點。由(you)于(yu)雷電(dian)無(wu)孔不入地侵襲電(dian)子信息(xi)系統(tong),雷電(dian)防(fang)護(hu)將是個系統(tong)工程。雷電(dian)防(fang)護(hu)的(de)中(zhong)心內容是泄放和均衡(heng)。
二、電源防雷器怎么接線
電(dian)源防雷器接入模(mo)式:
1、在(zai)TN制式(shi)中(zhong)(zhong),一般情況下電源(yuan)防雷(lei)器(qi)只(zhi)(zhi)需作共模接(jie)法,即(ji)接(jie)于相(xiang)線(xian)中(zhong)(zhong)性(xing)線(xian)與(yu)保(bao)護(hu)地(di)(di)線(xian)之(zhi)間。但在(zai)TN-S制式(shi)的起始位置(zhi),中(zhong)(zhong)性(xing)線(xian)與(yu)保(bao)護(hu)地(di)(di)線(xian)之(zhi)間無須接(jie)入電涌防雷(lei)器(qi)。只(zhi)(zhi)有對A級(ji)防雷(lei)等(deng)級(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)的第(di)三、四級(ji)和B級(ji)防雷(lei)等(deng)級(ji)中(zhong)(zhong)的第(di)三級(ji)上的特別重(zhong)要設備的電源(yuan)端口,才需做差(cha)模接(jie)入,即(ji)增加接(jie)于相(xiang)線(xian)與(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)性(xing)線(xian)之(zhi)間的電源(yuan)防雷(lei)器(qi)。
2、在TT制式中,當第一級電源防雷器位(wei)于(yu)漏電(dian)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)器之(zhi)后,可(ke)作(zuo)上述共模(mo)接(jie)(jie)法。當第一(yi)級電(dian)源(yuan)防(fang)(fang)雷器位(wei)于(yu)漏電(dian)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)器之(zhi)前,且高壓(ya)系統為(wei)中(zhong)(zhong)心點接(jie)(jie)地(di)系統,電(dian)源(yuan)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)器應作(zuo)“3+1”接(jie)(jie)法,即三個(ge)相(xiang)線(xian)對(dui)中(zhong)(zhong)性線(xian)各接(jie)(jie)一(yi)個(ge)電(dian)源(yuan)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)器,中(zhong)(zhong)性線(xian)對(dui)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)地(di)線(xian)再接(jie)(jie)一(yi)個(ge)電(dian)源(yuan)保(bao)護(hu)(hu)器,在(zai)IT制(zhi)式(shi)中(zhong)(zhong),電(dian)源(yuan)防(fang)(fang)雷器只作(zuo)共模(mo)接(jie)(jie)法。