一、電源避雷器的工作原理是什么

1、雷(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)及其它強干擾(rao)對通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)信系統的(de)(de)(de)致損及由此引(yin)起(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)后果是(shi)(shi)嚴重(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)，雷(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)防護將成(cheng)為必需。雷(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)由高(gao)能的(de)(de)(de)低頻(pin)(pin)成(cheng)分與極具滲透(tou)性的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)頻(pin)(pin)成(cheng)分組成(cheng)。其主(zhu)要通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)過兩種(zhong)(zhong)形式，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源防雷(lei)器一種(zhong)(zhong)是(shi)(shi)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)過金屬(shu)(shu)管線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)或地線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)直接傳導雷(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)致損設(she)備(bei)；一種(zhong)(zhong)是(shi)(shi)閃電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)道(dao)及泄(xie)流通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)道(dao)的(de)(de)(de)雷(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁脈沖以各種(zhong)(zhong)耦合方(fang)式感應到金屬(shu)(shu)管線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)或地線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)產(chan)生浪(lang)涌致損設(she)備(bei)。絕大部分雷(lei)損由這種(zhong)(zhong)感應而引(yin)起(qi)(qi)。對于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子信息設(she)備(bei)而言，危害主(zhu)要來自于(yu)由雷(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)引(yin)起(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)雷(lei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁脈沖的(de)(de)(de)耦合能量，通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)過以下三個通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)道(dao)所產(chan)生的(de)(de)(de)瞬態浪(lang)涌。金屬(shu)(shu)管線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)道(dao)，如(ru)自來水管、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、天饋線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、信號線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)、航空障礙燈引(yin)線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)等產(chan)生的(de)(de)(de)浪(lang)涌；地線(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)道(dao)，地電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)們(men)反擊；空間通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)道(dao)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源防雷(lei)器的(de)(de)(de)輻(fu)射(she)能量。

2、其中(zhong)金屬管(guan)線(xian)(xian)通(tong)道的浪涌和地(di)線(xian)(xian)通(tong)道的地(di)電(dian)位反擊是(shi)電(dian)子信息系統(tong)(tong)致(zhi)損的主要原因(yin)，它的最見的致(zhi)損形式(shi)是(shi)在電(dian)力線(xian)(xian)上引起的雷損，所(suo)以需作為防(fang)(fang)擴的重點。由于雷電(dian)無(wu)孔不入地(di)侵襲(xi)電(dian)子信息系統(tong)(tong)，雷電(dian)防(fang)(fang)護將是(shi)個系統(tong)(tong)工程(cheng)。雷電(dian)防(fang)(fang)護的中(zhong)心內容(rong)是(shi)泄(xie)放(fang)和均衡。

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二、電源防雷器怎么接線

電(dian)源防雷(lei)器接入模(mo)式：

1、在TN制式(shi)中，一般(ban)情(qing)況(kuang)下(xia)電源防(fang)雷(lei)器只(zhi)需作共模接(jie)法，即接(jie)于相(xiang)線(xian)(xian)(xian)中性(xing)線(xian)(xian)(xian)與保護地線(xian)(xian)(xian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間。但(dan)在TN-S制式(shi)的(de)(de)起(qi)始位置，中性(xing)線(xian)(xian)(xian)與保護地線(xian)(xian)(xian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間無須接(jie)入電涌防(fang)雷(lei)器。只(zhi)有對A級防(fang)雷(lei)等(deng)級中的(de)(de)第三、四級和B級防(fang)雷(lei)等(deng)級中的(de)(de)第三級上(shang)的(de)(de)特別重要設備的(de)(de)電源端口，才需做差模接(jie)入，即增加接(jie)于相(xiang)線(xian)(xian)(xian)與中性(xing)線(xian)(xian)(xian)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間的(de)(de)電源防(fang)雷(lei)器。

2、在TT制式中，當第一級電源防雷器位于漏電保護(hu)器(qi)(qi)之(zhi)后(hou)，可作(zuo)上述共模接(jie)(jie)(jie)法。當第一(yi)級電源防(fang)雷器(qi)(qi)位于漏電保護(hu)器(qi)(qi)之(zhi)前，且高壓系(xi)統(tong)為中(zhong)(zhong)心點接(jie)(jie)(jie)地系(xi)統(tong)，電源保護(hu)器(qi)(qi)應作(zuo)“3+1”接(jie)(jie)(jie)法，即三個(ge)相線(xian)對中(zhong)(zhong)性線(xian)各(ge)接(jie)(jie)(jie)一(yi)個(ge)電源保護(hu)器(qi)(qi)，中(zhong)(zhong)性線(xian)對保護(hu)地線(xian)再接(jie)(jie)(jie)一(yi)個(ge)電源保護(hu)器(qi)(qi)，在IT制(zhi)式中(zhong)(zhong)，電源防(fang)雷器(qi)(qi)只作(zuo)共模接(jie)(jie)(jie)法。