一、電源避雷器的工作原理是什么

1、雷(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)電(dian)(dian)及(ji)其它強干擾對通(tong)信(xin)系(xi)統的(de)致(zhi)損(sun)及(ji)由此引起(qi)的(de)后(hou)果是(shi)嚴重的(de)，雷(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)電(dian)(dian)防(fang)護將(jiang)成為必需。雷(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)電(dian)(dian)由高能的(de)低(di)頻成分(fen)(fen)與極具滲透性的(de)高頻成分(fen)(fen)組(zu)成。其主(zhu)要通(tong)過兩種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)形式(shi)，電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)防(fang)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)器(qi)一種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)是(shi)通(tong)過金(jin)屬(shu)管(guan)線(xian)或地線(xian)直(zhi)接(jie)傳(chuan)導雷(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)電(dian)(dian)致(zhi)損(sun)設(she)(she)備；一種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)是(shi)閃電(dian)(dian)通(tong)道(dao)(dao)及(ji)泄(xie)流(liu)通(tong)道(dao)(dao)的(de)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)磁脈(mo)沖以各種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)耦合方式(shi)感應(ying)到金(jin)屬(shu)管(guan)線(xian)或地線(xian)產生浪涌致(zhi)損(sun)設(she)(she)備。絕(jue)大部分(fen)(fen)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)損(sun)由這種(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)感應(ying)而(er)引起(qi)。對于(yu)電(dian)(dian)子信(xin)息(xi)設(she)(she)備而(er)言(yan)，危害主(zhu)要來自于(yu)由雷(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)電(dian)(dian)引起(qi)的(de)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)磁脈(mo)沖的(de)耦合能量(liang)，通(tong)過以下(xia)三個通(tong)道(dao)(dao)所產生的(de)瞬態浪涌。金(jin)屬(shu)管(guan)線(xian)通(tong)道(dao)(dao)，如自來水管(guan)、電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)線(xian)、天饋線(xian)、信(xin)號線(xian)、航空障礙(ai)燈引線(xian)等產生的(de)浪涌；地線(xian)通(tong)道(dao)(dao)，地電(dian)(dian)們反擊；空間通(tong)道(dao)(dao)，電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)防(fang)雷(lei)(lei)(lei)(lei)器(qi)的(de)輻射能量(liang)。

2、其中(zhong)金屬管線(xian)通道的(de)浪涌和地線(xian)通道的(de)地電(dian)(dian)(dian)位反擊是電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)信息系統致損的(de)主(zhu)要原(yuan)因，它的(de)最(zui)見(jian)的(de)致損形式(shi)是在電(dian)(dian)(dian)力線(xian)上引起的(de)雷損，所以需作(zuo)為防擴(kuo)的(de)重(zhong)點。由于雷電(dian)(dian)(dian)無孔不入地侵襲(xi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)信息系統，雷電(dian)(dian)(dian)防護將是個系統工程。雷電(dian)(dian)(dian)防護的(de)中(zhong)心內容是泄放和均(jun)衡。

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二、電源防雷器怎么接線

電源防雷器(qi)接入模式：

1、在(zai)TN制(zhi)式(shi)(shi)中(zhong)(zhong)，一般情況(kuang)下電(dian)(dian)源防(fang)(fang)雷(lei)器只需作(zuo)共(gong)模(mo)接法，即接于相(xiang)線(xian)中(zhong)(zhong)性線(xian)與(yu)(yu)保護(hu)地(di)線(xian)之(zhi)間(jian)。但在(zai)TN-S制(zhi)式(shi)(shi)的(de)起始位置，中(zhong)(zhong)性線(xian)與(yu)(yu)保護(hu)地(di)線(xian)之(zhi)間(jian)無須接入電(dian)(dian)涌防(fang)(fang)雷(lei)器。只有對A級防(fang)(fang)雷(lei)等(deng)級中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)第三、四級和B級防(fang)(fang)雷(lei)等(deng)級中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)第三級上(shang)的(de)特別重要設備的(de)電(dian)(dian)源端口，才需做差模(mo)接入，即增加接于相(xiang)線(xian)與(yu)(yu)中(zhong)(zhong)性線(xian)之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)電(dian)(dian)源防(fang)(fang)雷(lei)器。

2、在TT制式中，當第一級電源防雷器位于(yu)漏(lou)電(dian)保護(hu)(hu)(hu)器(qi)之后，可(ke)作(zuo)(zuo)上述共(gong)模接(jie)(jie)(jie)法。當第一(yi)級電(dian)源防(fang)雷器(qi)位于(yu)漏(lou)電(dian)保護(hu)(hu)(hu)器(qi)之前(qian)，且高壓系(xi)統(tong)為中(zhong)心點接(jie)(jie)(jie)地(di)系(xi)統(tong)，電(dian)源保護(hu)(hu)(hu)器(qi)應作(zuo)(zuo)“3+1”接(jie)(jie)(jie)法，即三個(ge)相線(xian)對(dui)(dui)中(zhong)性線(xian)各接(jie)(jie)(jie)一(yi)個(ge)電(dian)源保護(hu)(hu)(hu)器(qi)，中(zhong)性線(xian)對(dui)(dui)保護(hu)(hu)(hu)地(di)線(xian)再接(jie)(jie)(jie)一(yi)個(ge)電(dian)源保護(hu)(hu)(hu)器(qi)，在IT制式中(zhong)，電(dian)源防(fang)雷器(qi)只作(zuo)(zuo)共(gong)模接(jie)(jie)(jie)法。