一、迎賓器的工作原理是什么

在酒店賓館，購物中心或商場等場所經常可以看到迎賓器，它具有自動識別的(de)功(gong)能，每個在(zai)它面前走過(guo)的(de)人都能通過(guo)它的(de)自身(shen)感應檢測，然后(hou)對感應成功(gong)的(de)人進行禮貌(mao)問候(hou)，那么(me)迎賓(bin)器(qi)原理是什么(me)呢(ni)？

迎賓器(qi)的(de)前身是電子防盜報警器(qi)，以前是防盜的(de)，后來改(gai)成(cheng)比(bi)較(jiao)悅耳的(de)聲音，起(qi)到醒(xing)店員有人進店和迎賓的(de)兩重作用，它的(de)原理(li)主要有兩種：

1、光感應式

光(guang)感迎(ying)賓器是利(li)用(yong)人體反射光(guang)線(xian)，光(guang)敏(min)電(dian)阻得到足(zu)夠大變(bian)(bian)化的(de)光(guang)線(xian)，電(dian)路產生變(bian)(bian)化電(dian)流觸發(fa)電(dian)路，從而發(fa)出(chu)語音。這種迎(ying)賓器的(de)靈敏(min)度(du)(du)跟物體反射率和環境(jing)光(guang)照(zhao)度(du)(du)有(you)關，黑暗情況下不能正常使用(yong)。

該圖片由注冊用戶"荊湖酒徒"提供，版權聲明反饋

2、紅外感應式

因為光(guang)(guang)感(gan)應式(shi)迎賓(bin)器(qi)(qi)的(de)局限，因此就有了(le)紅(hong)外(wai)感(gan)應式(shi)迎賓(bin)器(qi)(qi)的(de)發明，這(zhe)種迎賓(bin)器(qi)(qi)的(de)原理是內(nei)置紅(hong)外(wai)熱(re)釋電傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)，在(zai)傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)頂端開設了(le)一個裝有濾光(guang)(guang)鏡片(pian)的(de)窗口，這(zhe)個濾光(guang)(guang)片(pian)可通過光(guang)(guang)的(de)波(bo)(bo)長范圍為7~10--um，正好適合于人體紅(hong)外(wai)輻射的(de)探測(ce)，而對其(qi)它波(bo)(bo)長的(de)紅(hong)外(wai)線由(you)濾光(guang)(guang)片(pian)予以吸收，這(zhe)樣便形(xing)成了(le)一種專(zhuan)門用作探測(ce)人體輻射的(de)紅(hong)外(wai)線傳(chuan)感(gan)器(qi)(qi)，誤報(bao)率較低(di)。

二、迎賓器電路原理分析

迎賓器(qi)的(de)工作原理有(you)兩(liang)種，都(dou)是通過感應觸發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)來工作的(de)，其電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)原理基本一致。迎賓器(qi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)由兩(liang)組放IKW20N60T大電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)、比較電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)、B信號延時電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)、AB信號判(pan)別電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)和語(yu)言(yan)發(fa)生電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)組成：

1、方向識別原理

迎賓器電(dian)(dian)路板頭部反方(fang)向安裝(zhuang)了兩個熱釋(shi)電(dian)(dian)傳(chuan)感(gan)(gan)器(qi)A和(he)B，當有(you)人從傳(chuan)感(gan)(gan)器(qi)前方(fang)由(you)B到A經過(guo)時(shi)（進入），傳(chuan)感(gan)(gan)器(qi)A產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)正(zheng)(zheng)半周(zhou)(zhou)的(de)(de)信(xin)號(hao)，而(er)B產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)負半周(zhou)(zhou)的(de)(de)信(xin)號(hao)。只有(you)正(zheng)(zheng)半周(zhou)(zhou)信(xin)號(hao)達到一定幅度才能觸(chu)發(fa)(fa)語音發(fa)(fa)生(sheng)電(dian)(dian)路，此(ci)時(shi)，傳(chuan)感(gan)(gan)器(qi)A的(de)(de)信(xin)號(hao)起作用(yong)(yong)，觸(chu)發(fa)(fa)后面的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)路，控(kong)制其發(fa)(fa)出“您好(hao)，歡(huan)迎光臨”的(de)(de)禮貌用(yong)(yong)語。而(er)當有(you)人從A到B通過(guo)時(shi)（出去(qu)），情況則和(he)上述相反。傳(chuan)感(gan)(gan)器(qi)A產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)負半周(zhou)(zhou)信(xin)號(hao)，B產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)正(zheng)(zheng)半周(zhou)(zhou)信(xin)號(hao)。這(zhe)時(shi)傳(chuan)感(gan)(gan)器(qi)B信(xin)號(hao)起作用(yong)(yong)，觸(chu)發(fa)(fa)后面的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)路，控(kong)制其不發(fa)(fa)出聲音。

2、B信號延時和AB信號判別電路

這個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路由IC4-3和IC4+4等(deng)元(yuan)件組成(cheng)B信(xin)(xin)號(hao)延時(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路。當IC3-2輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)低電(dian)(dian)(dian)平時(shi)(shi)(shi)，也(ye)就是IC3-3的(de)一個(ge)輸(shu)(shu)(shu)入端為(wei)(wei)(wei)低電(dian)(dian)(dian)平，IC4-4輸(shu)(shu)(shu)入端為(wei)(wei)(wei)高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)平（電(dian)(dian)(dian)源通過(guo)R20加到IC4-4輸(shu)(shu)(shu)入端形成(cheng)的(de)），IC4-4輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)低電(dian)(dian)(dian)平，低電(dian)(dian)(dian)平還會使(shi)IC4-3輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)平。當IG3-2輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)正脈>中信(xin)(xin)號(hao)時(shi)(shi)(shi)（通過(guo)B信(xin)(xin)號(hao)形成(cheng)的(de)），IC4-輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)低電(dian)(dian)(dian)平，IC4—4輸(shu)(shu)(shu)入端為(wei)(wei)(wei)低電(dian)(dian)(dian)平（電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)兩端電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓不能突(tu)變），IG4-4輸(shu)(shu)(shu)出(chu)高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)平，而(er)這個(ge)高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)平持續時(shi)(shi)(shi)間由電(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)C13和R20決定(ding)。

由(you)IC4-1和IC4—2組成了AB信(xin)號判(pan)別(bie)電(dian)(dian)路，當(dang)IC3—1輸出(chu)(chu)(chu)高(gao)(gao)電(dian)(dian)平(ping)(ping)（A傳感器輸出(chu)(chu)(chu)信(xin)號產生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)）時，由(you)于IC4—1輸入(ru)端(duan)并接，輸出(chu)(chu)(chu)為(wei)(wei)低(di)電(dian)(dian)平(ping)(ping)。此(ci)時，IC3—2輸出(chu)(chu)(chu)為(wei)(wei)低(di)電(dian)(dian)平(ping)(ping)，因此(ci)，IC4-2另(ling)一輸入(ru)端(duan)也(ye)為(wei)(wei)低(di)電(dian)(dian)平(ping)(ping)，IC4—2輸出(chu)(chu)(chu)為(wei)(wei)高(gao)(gao)電(dian)(dian)平(ping)(ping)，從(cong)而(er)觸(chu)發后級語音發生(sheng)(sheng)電(dian)(dian)路。當(dang)IC3—2輸出(chu)(chu)(chu)為(wei)(wei)高(gao)(gao)電(dian)(dian)平(ping)(ping)，而(er)IC3-1輸出(chu)(chu)(chu)為(wei)(wei)低(di)電(dian)(dian)平(ping)(ping)時，IC4-4輸出(chu)(chu)(chu)高(gao)(gao)電(dian)(dian)平(ping)(ping)，而(er)IC4-1輸出(chu)(chu)(chu)也(ye)為(wei)(wei)高(gao)(gao)電(dian)(dian)平(ping)(ping)，從(cong)而(er)使IC4-2的(de)兩個輸入(ru)端(duan)都(dou)為(wei)(wei)高(gao)(gao)電(dian)(dian)平(ping)(ping)，IC4-2輸出(chu)(chu)(chu)低(di)電(dian)(dian)平(ping)(ping)，不觸(chu)發語音發生(sheng)(sheng)電(dian)(dian)路。在IC4-4輸出(chu)(chu)(chu)為(wei)(wei)高(gao)(gao)電(dian)(dian)平(ping)(ping)期間，IC3—1輸出(chu)(chu)(chu)的(de)高(gao)(gao)低(di)電(dian)(dian)平(ping)(ping)都(dou)不能觸(chu)發語音電(dian)(dian)路，即起到了封鎖的(de)作用(yong)。其(qi)中，二極管VD和電(dian)(dian)容C14構成前后級隔離電(dian)(dian)路，目(mu)的(de)是在語音發生(sheng)(sheng)電(dian)(dian)路發音時，減小其(qi)對前級放(fang)大電(dian)(dian)路的(de)影響。