一、天平秤的原理是什么

天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)秤(cheng)是(shi)(shi)用(yong)來稱量物體重(zhong)量的(de)衡(heng)器(qi)(qi)，它有兩種原(yuan)(yuan)理(li)(li)：1、機械(xie)式天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)秤(cheng)原(yuan)(yuan)理(li)(li)：機械(xie)式天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)秤(cheng)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)常說的(de)托盤(pan)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)，它的(de)工作原(yuan)(yuan)理(li)(li)主要利用(yong)的(de)是(shi)(shi)杠(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)桿(gan)原(yuan)(yuan)理(li)(li)，確切來說，托盤(pan)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)利用(yong)的(de)是(shi)(shi)等(deng)臂(bei)杠(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)桿(gan)平(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)原(yuan)(yuan)理(li)(li)，天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)的(de)橫梁就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)一個杠(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)桿(gan)，在杠(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)桿(gan)的(de)兩端各有一小盤(pan)，左端放(fang)(fang)(fang)物體、右端放(fang)(fang)(fang)砝(fa)(fa)碼，杠(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)桿(gan)中央(yang)裝有指(zhi)(zhi)針，兩端平(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)時，兩端的(de)質量（重(zhong)量）相等(deng)，根據(ju)砝(fa)(fa)碼的(de)重(zhong)量即(ji)可(ke)得(de)知物體的(de)重(zhong)量。2、電(dian)子(zi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)秤(cheng)原(yuan)(yuan)理(li)(li)：電(dian)子(zi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)秤(cheng)的(de)原(yuan)(yuan)理(li)(li)和托盤(pan)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)不同，它利用(yong)的(de)是(shi)(shi)電(dian)磁(ci)力補償平(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)原(yuan)(yuan)理(li)(li)，實質也是(shi)(shi)一種杠(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)桿(gan)平(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)，只是(shi)(shi)在杠(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)桿(gan)的(de)一端采用(yong)了電(dian)磁(ci)力，當稱盤(pan)上加載稱物m2時，杠(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)桿(gan)偏離零位(wei)，此時零位(wei)指(zhi)(zhi)示器(qi)(qi)有偏差信(xin)號產生，經過(guo)放(fang)(fang)(fang)大(da)器(qi)(qi)和調節器(qi)(qi)等(deng)一系列轉換后(hou)，使線圈的(de)電(dian)流I增大(da)，電(dian)磁(ci)力矩(ju)右也將(jiang)一起(qi)增大(da)，杠(gang)(gang)(gang)(gang)桿(gan)回到原(yuan)(yuan)來平(ping)(ping)(ping)衡(heng)位(wei)置，即(ji)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)的(de)零位(wei)，最后(hou)把(ba)電(dian)信(xin)號處(chu)理(li)(li)成為數字信(xin)號，數顯在顯示屏上。

二、天平秤的作用

天(tian)(tian)平(ping)秤是用來測量(liang)(liang)物體(ti)重量(liang)(liang)的衡器，它的主要作用就是稱一(yi)(yi)些(xie)小計量(liang)(liang)物品(pin)，一(yi)(yi)般用于科(ke)研(yan)機(ji)構、學校實驗室、藥店(dian)等場(chang)所，根據不同的精度可分為(wei)普通天(tian)(tian)平(ping)、精密(mi)天(tian)(tian)平(ping)和分析天(tian)(tian)平(ping)；除(chu)此(ci)之外，一(yi)(yi)些(xie)計量(liang)(liang)部門、商檢(jian)部門也會用天(tian)(tian)平(ping)秤來檢(jian)查或校準砝碼，這種稱為(wei)檢(jian)定天(tian)(tian)平(ping)。

三、天平秤怎么使用

1、機(ji)械天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)秤的(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)方法：（1）將托盤(pan)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)放(fang)(fang)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)在(zai)水(shui)(shui)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)的(de)(de)(de)地方，游(you)碼(ma)(ma)(ma)指向紅(hong)色(se)0刻(ke)(ke)度(du)線。（2）調節平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡螺(luo)母(mu)（天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)兩(liang)(liang)端的(de)(de)(de)螺(luo)母(mu)）調節零點直(zhi)至指針對(dui)準(zhun)中央(yang)刻(ke)(ke)度(du)線直(zhi)至天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)橫(heng)梁水(shui)(shui)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)位置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡。（小(xiao)口訣(jue)：放(fang)(fang)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)移(yi)零調平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)衡，螺(luo)母(mu)調平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)反指針/走高端。）（3）左托盤(pan)放(fang)(fang)稱量(liang)(liang)物，右(you)(you)托盤(pan)放(fang)(fang)砝碼(ma)(ma)(ma)。根(gen)據稱量(liang)(liang)物的(de)(de)(de)性狀，放(fang)(fang)在(zai)玻璃器(qi)(qi)(qi)皿或潔(jie)凈的(de)(de)(de)紙上，事先(xian)應在(zai)同一天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)上稱得(de)玻璃器(qi)(qi)(qi)皿或紙片的(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)，然后(hou)稱量(liang)(liang)待(dai)稱物質(zhi)(zhi)。（4）砝碼(ma)(ma)(ma)用(yong)(yong)鑷(nie)子(zi)夾取，千萬不(bu)能把砝碼(ma)(ma)(ma)弄(nong)濕、弄(nong)臟（這樣(yang)會讓(rang)砝碼(ma)(ma)(ma)生銹，砝碼(ma)(ma)(ma)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)變大，測(ce)量(liang)(liang)結果(guo)不(bu)準(zhun)確(que)），游(you)碼(ma)(ma)(ma)也要(yao)(yao)用(yong)(yong)鑷(nie)子(zi)撥動。（5）添加(jia)砝碼(ma)(ma)(ma)從估計稱量(liang)(liang)物的(de)(de)(de)最大值(zhi)加(jia)起，逐(zhu)步減(jian)小(xiao)。托盤(pan)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)只能稱準(zhun)到0.1克。加(jia)減(jian)砝碼(ma)(ma)(ma)并移(yi)動標尺(chi)上的(de)(de)(de)游(you)碼(ma)(ma)(ma)，直(zhi)至指針再次(ci)對(dui)準(zhun)中央(yang)刻(ke)(ke)度(du)線。（小(xiao)口訣(jue)：先(xian)估后(hou)測(ce)，左物右(you)(you)碼(ma)(ma)(ma)，由大到小(xiao)，后(hou)移(yi)游(you)碼(ma)(ma)(ma)）（6）過冷過熱的(de)(de)(de)物體(ti)不(bu)可放(fang)(fang)在(zai)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)上稱量(liang)(liang)，應先(xian)在(zai)干(gan)燥(zao)器(qi)(qi)(qi)內放(fang)(fang)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)至室(shi)溫后(hou)再稱。（7）物體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)=砝碼(ma)(ma)(ma)的(de)(de)(de)總(zong)質(zhi)(zhi)量(liang)(liang)+游(you)碼(ma)(ma)(ma)在(zai)標尺(chi)上所對(dui)的(de)(de)(de)刻(ke)(ke)度(du)值(zhi)。（M左=M右(you)(you)+M游(you)）2、電(dian)(dian)子(zi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)秤的(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)方法：（1）調平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)：多種(zhong)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)開(kai)機(ji)前(qian)，應觀察天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)后(hou)部水(shui)(shui)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)儀內的(de)(de)(de)水(shui)(shui)泡(pao)是(shi)否位于圓環的(de)(de)(de)中央(yang)，否則通過天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)的(de)(de)(de)地腳(jiao)螺(luo)栓(shuan)調節，左旋(xuan)升高，右(you)(you)旋(xuan)下(xia)降。（2）預(yu)熱：天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)在(zai)初次(ci)接通電(dian)(dian)源或長時間斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)后(hou)開(kai)機(ji)時，至少需要(yao)(yao)30分鐘的(de)(de)(de)預(yu)熱時間。因此(ci)，實驗室(shi)電(dian)(dian)子(zi)天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)在(zai)通常(chang)情況(kuang)下(xia)，不(bu)要(yao)(yao)經常(chang)切斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)源。（3）稱量(liang)(liang)：按(an)下(xia)ON/OFF鍵，接通顯(xian)(xian)示器(qi)(qi)(qi)，等待(dai)儀器(qi)(qi)(qi)自檢(jian)。當顯(xian)(xian)示器(qi)(qi)(qi)顯(xian)(xian)示零時，自檢(jian)過程結束，天(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)平(ping)(ping)(ping)(ping)可進行稱量(liang)(liang)；放(fang)(fang)置(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)稱量(liang)(liang)紙，按(an)顯(xian)(xian)示屏兩(liang)(liang)側的(de)(de)(de)Tare鍵去皮，待(dai)顯(xian)(xian)示器(qi)(qi)(qi)顯(xian)(xian)示零時，在(zai)稱量(liang)(liang)紙加(jia)所要(yao)(yao)稱量(liang)(liang)的(de)(de)(de)試劑稱量(liang)(liang)。稱量(liang)(liang)完畢，按(an)ON/OFF鍵，關斷(duan)顯(xian)(xian)示器(qi)(qi)(qi)。

四、電子天平多少錢一臺

電子天平是新型的天平秤，是工業制造業和化學實驗室常用稱量儀器之一，具有稱量快捷、使用方便等諸多優點，它有分析天平、精密天平、普通天平等不同精度等級的產品，價格也有所不同，一般根據不同的量程、品牌、功能等方面，價格從一兩百元一臺到兩三萬元一臺不等。購買天平秤的時候，要注意根據測量需求選擇合適精度的產品，并注意看電子天平秤的做工、配件和性能等方面，選擇優質的天平秤品牌產品。

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