一、電纜附件是什么
電(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)附(fu)(fu)件(英文名稱:Cable Accessories)是連接(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)與輸(shu)配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)線路及(ji)(ji)相關配(pei)(pei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)裝置的(de)產(chan)品(pin),一般指電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)線路中各種電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的(de)中間連接(jie)及(ji)(ji)終(zhong)(zhong)端連接(jie),它與電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)一起(qi)構(gou)成電(dian)(dian)(dian)力輸(shu)送網絡。電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)附(fu)(fu)件主要是依據(ju)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)結構(gou)的(de)特(te)性(xing),既能(neng)恢復電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)的(de)性(xing)能(neng),又保證電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)長度的(de)延長及(ji)(ji)終(zhong)(zhong)端的(de)連接(jie)。高壓電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)附(fu)(fu)件的(de)可(ke)靠(kao)性(xing)可(ke)以從電(dian)(dian)(dian)氣性(xing)能(neng)、密封防潮性(xing)能(neng)、機械性(xing)能(neng)和工藝性(xing)能(neng)等(deng)方(fang)面(mian)進(jin)行評判。
二、電纜附件包括什么
電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)的各種中(zhong)間接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)頭(tou)和終端頭(tou),統稱為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)附件,常用于(yu)制作電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)中(zhong)間接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)頭(tou)和終端頭(tou)的配件有(you)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)線端子、連接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)管、接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)地線、撐板(ban)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)終端盒、電(dian)(dian)(dian)纜(lan)中(zhong)間接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)頭(tou)盒等。
1、接線端子
也(ye)稱接(jie)(jie)(jie)線(xian)(xian)(xian)鼻(bi)(bi)子(zi)(zi),通過接(jie)(jie)(jie)線(xian)(xian)(xian)端(duan)子(zi)(zi)使得電(dian)纜導線(xian)(xian)(xian)與(yu)設(she)備(bei)端(duan)子(zi)(zi)相(xiang)連(lian)接(jie)(jie)(jie)。根據電(dian)纜導線(xian)(xian)(xian)材(cai)(cai)料的不(bu)同,接(jie)(jie)(jie)線(xian)(xian)(xian)端(duan)子(zi)(zi)分為銅(tong)(tong)(tong)鼻(bi)(bi)子(zi)(zi)(如(ru)(ru):DT和DTM系(xi)列銅(tong)(tong)(tong)接(jie)(jie)(jie)線(xian)(xian)(xian)端(duan)子(zi)(zi))、鋁鼻(bi)(bi)子(zi)(zi)(如(ru)(ru):DLM系(xi)列鋁接(jie)(jie)(jie)線(xian)(xian)(xian)端(duan)子(zi)(zi))、銅(tong)(tong)(tong)鋁過渡鼻(bi)(bi)子(zi)(zi)(如(ru)(ru):DTL系(xi)列銅(tong)(tong)(tong)鋁接(jie)(jie)(jie)線(xian)(xian)(xian)端(duan)子(zi)(zi))。銅(tong)(tong)(tong)鼻(bi)(bi)子(zi)(zi)用于電(dian)纜導線(xian)(xian)(xian)與(yu)所(suo)接(jie)(jie)(jie)設(she)備(bei)材(cai)(cai)料均(jun)為銅(tong)(tong)(tong)。當(dang)電(dian)纜導線(xian)(xian)(xian)與(yu)所(suo)接(jie)(jie)(jie)設(she)備(bei)材(cai)(cai)料不(bu)同時要采用銅(tong)(tong)(tong)鋁過渡鼻(bi)(bi)子(zi)(zi),各種接(jie)(jie)(jie)線(xian)(xian)(xian)鼻(bi)(bi)子(zi)(zi)均(jun)有成品供(gong)應,特殊情況下也(ye)可以(yi)單獨加工。
2、連接管
用于電纜中間接頭的(de)導線連接,也分為銅(tong)連接管(guan)(如:GT系列(lie)(lie)銅(tong)連接管(guan))、鋁(lv)連接管(guan)(如:GL和GLM系列(lie)(lie)鋁(lv)連接管(guan))、銅(tong)鋁(lv)過渡連接管(guan)(如:GTLM系列(lie)(lie)銅(tong)鋁(lv)連接管(guan))。
3、接地線
當電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)導線流過短路電(dian)(dian)流時(shi)(shi),由于短路電(dian)(dian)流往(wang)往(wang)較(jiao)大,會在金屬護套(tao)中產生一定的(de)感應電(dian)(dian)壓(ya),當感應電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)超過一定值時(shi)(shi),就能(neng)擊穿電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)的(de)內襯層,引起(qi)電(dian)(dian)弧,嚴重的(de)還會燒壞電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)護套(tao)。為(wei)了(le)防(fang)止這種事故(gu)的(de)發生,必須(xu)將電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)線路中除線芯以外的(de)金屬部分連接起(qi)來并且接地。通常的(de)做法是(shi)將電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)的(de)金屬護套(tao)、金屬屏蔽層、鎧裝層、電(dian)(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)終(zhong)端頭(tou)及(ji)中間接頭(tou)的(de)金屬外殼(ke)用導線錫焊起(qi)來并與接地網相連接。
4、撐板
在(zai)多(duo)芯(xin)電(dian)纜(lan)的(de)中間(jian)接(jie)頭中,為了保持絕緣(yuan)線芯(xin)之(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)及(ji)與(yu)鉛(qian)或銅套(tao)(tao)管之(zhi)(zhi)間(jian)的(de)距離,保證相間(jian)絕緣(yuan)以(yi)(yi)及(ji)便于(yu)固(gu)定安(an)裝,需(xu)要使用(yong)撐(cheng)(cheng)板(ban)(ban),撐(cheng)(cheng)板(ban)(ban)主(zhu)要有瓷撐(cheng)(cheng)板(ban)(ban)和環氧(yang)樹脂(zhi)撐(cheng)(cheng)板(ban)(ban)兩種。撐(cheng)(cheng)板(ban)(ban)的(de)選擇要與(yu)護(hu)套(tao)(tao)管相配套(tao)(tao)。沒有合適的(de)撐(cheng)(cheng)板(ban)(ban)時也可以(yi)(yi)將(jiang)絕緣(yuan)帶卷成(cheng)小卷置于(yu)電(dian)纜(lan)芯(xin)之(zhi)(zhi)間(jian),以(yi)(yi)代(dai)替成(cheng)撐(cheng)(cheng)板(ban)(ban)。
5、電纜終端盒
電(dian)纜(lan)終(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)端(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)盒是電(dian)纜(lan)終(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)端(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)頭的外(wai)殼總稱。根據不同(tong)的使用(yong)環境,電(dian)纜(lan)終(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)端(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)盒可(ke)以分為戶(hu)內(nei)終(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)端(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)盒和戶(hu)外(wai)終(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)端(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)盒兩種(zhong)。戶(hu)內(nei)電(dian)纜(lan)終(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)端(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)盒一般采用(yong)尼龍、環氧樹脂或聚丙(bing)乙烯等作為材(cai)料。戶(hu)外(wai)電(dian)纜(lan)終(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)端(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)盒有鋁合金電(dian)纜(lan)終(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)端(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)盒、環氧樹脂終(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)端(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)盒等。選擇時要根據實際(ji)情況而定。
6、電纜中間接頭盒
電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)中(zhong)間接頭(tou)(tou)的(de)(de)外殼稱(cheng)為電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)中(zhong)間接頭(tou)(tou)盒(he)。電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)中(zhong)間接頭(tou)(tou)盒(he)根(gen)據使(shi)用的(de)(de)場合和材料的(de)(de)不同主要分為以下(xia)幾(ji)類:鉛套管式地(di)下(xia)電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)中(zhong)間接頭(tou)(tou)盒(he)、玻璃鋼地(di)下(xia)電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)中(zhong)間接頭(tou)(tou)盒(he)、聚(ju)苯乙烯電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)接頭(tou)(tou)盒(he)、鑄鋁合金(jin)電(dian)纜(lan)(lan)(lan)接頭(tou)(tou)盒(he)。
三、電纜附件的種類有哪些
電纜附件的(de)種(zhong)類(lei)繁多(duo),具有(you)不同類(lei)型(xing)的(de)特點及局限性(xing),一般不能相互取代。常見的(de)有(you)如(ru)下幾種(zhong):
1、繞(rao)(rao)包(bao)式:用制(zhi)成的橡膠帶材(自粘性)現場(chang)繞(rao)(rao)包(bao)制(zhi)作的電纜附(fu)(fu)件(jian)稱為繞(rao)(rao)包(bao)式電纜附(fu)(fu)件(jian),該附(fu)(fu)件(jian)易松脫、耐火性較差、壽命短。
2、澆(jiao)灌式:用熱固性樹脂(zhi)作為(wei)主要材料在現場(chang)澆(jiao)灌而成,所選的材料有環(huan)氧樹脂(zhi)、聚(ju)氨脂(zhi)、丙(bing)烯酸脂(zhi)等,該類附件的致命缺(que)點是固化時易(yi)產生氣泡。
3、模塑式:主要用于電纜中(zhong)間連接(jie),在現場進行加模加溫,與(yu)電纜融為一體(ti),該(gai)附件(jian)制(zhi)作(zuo)工藝復雜且時間長,亦不適用于終端(duan)接(jie)頭。
4、冷縮式(shi):用硅橡膠、三元乙丙橡膠等彈性體(ti)先在(zai)(zai)工(gong)廠預擴(kuo)張并加(jia)入塑料支(zhi)(zhi)撐(cheng)條(tiao)而成型。在(zai)(zai)現(xian)場施(shi)工(gong)時(shi),抽出支(zhi)(zhi)撐(cheng)條(tiao)使(shi)管(guan)材在(zai)(zai)橡膠固(gu)有的(de)彈性效應下玲收縮在(zai)(zai)電纜上而制成電纜附件(jian),該附件(jian)最(zui)適合于(yu)不能(neng)用明火加(jia)熱的(de)施(shi)工(gong)場所,如礦(kuang)山、石油化(hua)工(gong)等。
5、熱(re)縮式:將橡塑合(he)金制成具(ju)有“形(xing)狀記憶效應的不同組件制品,在現場加熱(re)收縮在電纜上而制成的附(fu)件。該附(fu)件具(ju)有重量輕、施工簡單方便、運行可(ke)靠、價格(ge)低(di)廉等特點(dian)。
6、預制(zhi)式(shi):用(yong)(yong)硅(gui)橡膠注射成(cheng)不同組(zu)件,一次硫化成(cheng)型(xing),僅保留接觸(chu)界面,在(zai)(zai)現(xian)場施(shi)工時(shi)插(cha)入電纜而制(zhi)成(cheng)的(de)附(fu)件。該(gai)施(shi)工工藝將環境(jing)中(zhong)不可測(ce)的(de)不利因(yin)(yin)素降(jiang)低到最低程(cheng)度,因(yin)(yin)此該(gai)附(fu)件具(ju)有巨大的(de)潛在(zai)(zai)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)價值,是交(jiao)聯(lian)電纜附(fu)件的(de)發(fa)展方向(xiang),但制(zhi)造技術難度高,涉及多種學科及行業。預制(zhi)式(shi)附(fu)件在(zai)(zai)電纜的(de)三(san)叉(cha)口(kou)(kou)及屏蔽(bi)口(kou)(kou)以下的(de)安裝材(cai)料仍采用(yong)(yong)熱(re)縮(suo)材(cai)料,因(yin)(yin)此實際上是預制(zhi)式(shi)和熱(re)縮(suo)式(shi)的(de)組(zu)合。
四、電纜附件的作用是什么
電纜附件的(de)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用,就是起(qi)到(dao)一種(zhong)連(lian)接作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用和穩定作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用,從而使電壓從高位電壓向(xiang)電纜的(de)底端(duan)進行一定,以(yi)達到(dao)一種(zhong)穩定的(de)狀態(tai),使其各種(zhong)終端(duan)電廠的(de)軸(zhou)應(ying)力和向(xiang)應(ying)力發展一定的(de)變化(hua),從而實(shi)現電纜的(de)連(lian)續。
目(mu)前(qian),在電(dian)纜(lan)施(shi)工當中,電(dian)纜(lan)主要(yao)由導體、絕緣、護層和(he)屏蔽這(zhe)三個方面組成的(de)(de)(de)(de),而電(dian)纜(lan)附件則是通過(guo)本身的(de)(de)(de)(de)連(lian)接和(he)穩定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)作用,使其電(dian)纜(lan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)功能(neng)得以(yi)延續。以(yi)實現導體間的(de)(de)(de)(de)良好接觸和(he)絕緣外層的(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)靠(kao)(kao)實施(shi),從而保障電(dian)力供應的(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)靠(kao)(kao)性,使得人(ren)們的(de)(de)(de)(de)生活質(zhi)量不(bu)受到影響,讓(rang)社(she)會經濟可(ke)以(yi)快速的(de)(de)(de)(de)發展。
在(zai)進行電(dian)纜(lan)施工的(de)時(shi)候,電(dian)纜(lan)附(fu)(fu)件(jian)的(de)制造(zao)工藝和其他的(de)電(dian)氣元件(jian)的(de)制造(zao)工廠存在(zai)著一(yi)定的(de)獨特性,而且除(chu)了要保(bao)(bao)證自身的(de)穩定性以外(wai),還要保(bao)(bao)證電(dian)纜(lan)附(fu)(fu)件(jian)的(de)絕緣(yuan)性,以確保(bao)(bao)在(zai)長久(jiu)的(de)電(dian)力使用中不會出現問題,而且超強的(de)防水性,也可(ke)以大幅度的(de)提高了電(dian)纜(lan)使用壽命。
更多電纜附件內容請查看電纜附件十大品牌。