一、電源管理和電源控制的區別在哪里

電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和(he)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)管理(li)(li)之(zhi)間的(de)(de)區(qu)別，是(shi)關于(yu)數字電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)討論中的(de)(de)關鍵(jian)概念。使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)“電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”術語來強(qiang)調(diao)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)供(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)系統內(nei)(nei)部的(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功(gong)(gong)能(neng)，尤(you)其(qi)是(shi)個體內(nei)(nei)部能(neng)量流的(de)(de)循環管理(li)(li)。這一定義包含了反饋回(hui)路和(he)內(nei)(nei)部管理(li)(li)維(wei)持功(gong)(gong)能(neng)。功(gong)(gong)率(lv)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功(gong)(gong)能(neng)在與電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)供(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)開關頻(pin)率(lv)實(shi)時監控(kong)(kong)中起到作用(yong)(yong)(yong)。這種(zhong)類型的(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功(gong)(gong)能(neng)可以由模擬或者數字技(ji)術實(shi)現(xian)，電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)供(gong)應(ying)(ying)(ying)系統無論采用(yong)(yong)(yong)哪種(zhong)方式，呈現(xian)給最(zui)終用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶的(de)(de)表現(xian)是(shi)基(ji)本一致的(de)(de)。這就是(shi)說(shuo)，數字電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)不要求最(zui)終用(yong)(yong)(yong)戶做任何(he)改變(bian)和(he)新的(de)(de)設計。

相應的，“電源管理”是關于(yu)(yu)一個(ge)或多個(ge)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)供(gong)應(ying)系(xi)(xi)統之外(wai)的(de)通(tong)訊和控(kong)制(zhi)。包括電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)系(xi)(xi)統配置，單個(ge)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)供(gong)應(ying)系(xi)(xi)統的(de)監控(kong)，以(yi)及故障監測信息傳送等。電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)管理(li)功(gong)能(neng)不是實時的(de)，它(ta)們在一定的(de)時間(jian)范圍(wei)內起作用，要(yao)慢于(yu)(yu)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)供(gong)應(ying)系(xi)(xi)統的(de)開(kai)關頻率。目前(qian)，這些功(gong)能(neng)都趨(qu)于(yu)(yu)將模擬和數(shu)字技術結合。例如，電(dian)(dian)阻器通(tong)常用于(yu)(yu)調整輸出電(dian)(dian)壓，而給每個(ge)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)供(gong)應(ying)系(xi)(xi)統的(de)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)排序則需要(yao)專(zhuan)線(xian)(xian)控(kong)制(zhi)。按照愛立信的(de)定義，數(shu)字電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)管理(li)意味(wei)著這些功(gong)能(neng)全部使(shi)(shi)用數(shu)字技術。此(ci)外(wai)，簡(jian)化互(hu)連方式應(ying)用在某些類(lei)型的(de)數(shu)據通(tong)信母線(xian)(xian)結構，優于(yu)(yu)在每個(ge)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)供(gong)應(ying)系(xi)(xi)統之間(jian)使(shi)(shi)用多種定制(zhi)的(de)互(hu)連手(shou)段進行排序和偵(zhen)錯。

二、電源管理有什么特點

電源管理的特點(dian)是高效能、低功耗、智(zhi)能化。

提(ti)高效能涉及兩個(ge)不(bu)同方(fang)面(mian)的(de)內容(rong)：一方(fang)面(mian)想要保持能量轉換的(de)綜合效率，同時還希望減小設備的(de)尺(chi)寸(cun)；另一方(fang)面(mian)是保護尺(chi)寸(cun)不(bu)變(bian)，大(da)幅度提(ti)高效能。

在交流/直流（AC/DC）變換中，低的通態電阻，符合計(ji)(ji)算機和電信應用(yong)中更(geng)加高效適配(pei)器和電源的需(xu)要(yao)。在電源電路設計(ji)(ji)方面，一般待機能(neng)耗(hao)已經(jing)降到1W以下(xia)，并可(ke)將電源效率(lv)提高至90%以上(shang)。要(yao)進一步(bu)降低現有(you)待機能(neng)耗(hao)，則需(xu)要(yao)有(you)新的IC制造工藝技術及在低功耗(hao)電路設計(ji)(ji)方面的突破。

越(yue)來越(yue)多(duo)的(de)(de)系統(tong)會需要多(duo)輸出(chu)穩壓器(qi)(qi)。例如帶多(duo)輸出(chu)和電源通路(lu)控(kong)制(zhi)的(de)(de)鋰離子(zi)充電電池，多(duo)輸出(chu)DC/DC轉換器(qi)(qi)和具有動(dong)態可調輸出(chu)電壓的(de)(de)開關穩壓器(qi)(qi)等(deng)。

上(shang)世紀80年代(dai)，提出(chu)了電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)制造中(zhong)(zhong)電(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)子集(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)概(gai)念，明確了集(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)化是電(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)子技術(shu)(shu)未(wei)來(lai)發展的方向(xiang)，是解(jie)決電(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)子技術(shu)(shu)發展面臨(lin)障礙的最有希望的出(chu)路(lu)。電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)集(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)逐步(bu)成(cheng)(cheng)為功(gong)率半導體(ti)器(qi)件中(zhong)(zhong)的主導器(qi)件，把(ba)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)技術(shu)(shu)推向(xiang)了電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)管理的新時代(dai)。電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)管理集(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)分成(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)壓調(diao)整器(qi)和接口(kou)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)兩方面。正是因為這么(me)多的集(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)（IC）進(jin)入(ru)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)領(ling)域(yu)，人(ren)們才更多地以(yi)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)管理來(lai)稱呼現階段的電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)技術(shu)(shu)。