一、電源管理和電源控制的區別在哪里

電(dian)源控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)和(he)電(dian)源管理(li)之間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)區別，是關(guan)于數字電(dian)源討(tao)論中的(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)鍵(jian)概念(nian)。使(shi)用“電(dian)源控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)”術語來強調電(dian)源供(gong)應(ying)(ying)系統內(nei)(nei)部(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)功(gong)能(neng)，尤(you)其是個體(ti)內(nei)(nei)部(bu)能(neng)量流的(de)(de)(de)(de)循環管理(li)。這(zhe)一(yi)定(ding)義(yi)包含了反饋回(hui)路和(he)內(nei)(nei)部(bu)管理(li)維持功(gong)能(neng)。功(gong)率(lv)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)功(gong)能(neng)在與電(dian)源供(gong)應(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)開關(guan)頻率(lv)實時監(jian)控(kong)(kong)中起(qi)到作(zuo)用。這(zhe)種類型的(de)(de)(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)功(gong)能(neng)可(ke)以(yi)由模擬(ni)或(huo)者(zhe)數字技術實現(xian)，電(dian)源供(gong)應(ying)(ying)系統無(wu)論采用哪(na)種方式，呈現(xian)給最終(zhong)用戶(hu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)表現(xian)是基本一(yi)致的(de)(de)(de)(de)。這(zhe)就是說，數字電(dian)源的(de)(de)(de)(de)使(shi)用不要(yao)求最終(zhong)用戶(hu)做任(ren)何改變和(he)新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)設計。

相應的，“電源管理”是關于(yu)(yu)(yu)一個(ge)或多個(ge)電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)供應(ying)(ying)(ying)系(xi)(xi)統之外(wai)的通訊和(he)控制。包(bao)括電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)系(xi)(xi)統配置，單個(ge)電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)供應(ying)(ying)(ying)系(xi)(xi)統的監(jian)控，以(yi)及(ji)故(gu)障監(jian)測(ce)信息傳送等。電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)管(guan)理功能(neng)(neng)不是實時的，它們在(zai)一定(ding)的時間范圍(wei)內(nei)起作用(yong)，要慢(man)于(yu)(yu)(yu)電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)供應(ying)(ying)(ying)系(xi)(xi)統的開關頻率(lv)。目(mu)前，這些功能(neng)(neng)都趨于(yu)(yu)(yu)將模擬和(he)數(shu)字技術結合。例如，電(dian)阻器通常用(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)調整輸出電(dian)壓，而給每(mei)個(ge)電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)供應(ying)(ying)(ying)系(xi)(xi)統的電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)排序則需要專線控制。按照愛立信的定(ding)義，數(shu)字電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)管(guan)理意味著這些功能(neng)(neng)全部使用(yong)數(shu)字技術。此外(wai)，簡化互(hu)連方式應(ying)(ying)(ying)用(yong)在(zai)某(mou)些類(lei)型的數(shu)據通信母(mu)線結構，優于(yu)(yu)(yu)在(zai)每(mei)個(ge)電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)供應(ying)(ying)(ying)系(xi)(xi)統之間使用(yong)多種定(ding)制的互(hu)連手段(duan)進行排序和(he)偵(zhen)錯。

二、電源管理有什么特點

電(dian)源管理的特點是高效(xiao)能、低功耗、智(zhi)能化(hua)。

提高效(xiao)能(neng)(neng)涉及兩個不(bu)同方面(mian)(mian)的內容：一(yi)方面(mian)(mian)想要保持能(neng)(neng)量轉換的綜合效(xiao)率，同時還希望減小設備的尺寸；另一(yi)方面(mian)(mian)是保護尺寸不(bu)變，大幅度提高效(xiao)能(neng)(neng)。

在交(jiao)流/直流（AC/DC）變換(huan)中，低(di)(di)的(de)通(tong)態電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻，符合(he)計算機和電(dian)(dian)(dian)信應用中更加(jia)高效(xiao)適配器和電(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)需要(yao)。在電(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)路設(she)計方面，一般(ban)待機能(neng)耗(hao)已經降到1W以下(xia)，并可將電(dian)(dian)(dian)源效(xiao)率提高至90%以上。要(yao)進一步(bu)降低(di)(di)現有待機能(neng)耗(hao)，則需要(yao)有新(xin)的(de)IC制(zhi)造工(gong)藝技術及在低(di)(di)功耗(hao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路設(she)計方面的(de)突破。

越(yue)來越(yue)多(duo)的(de)系統會需(xu)要(yao)多(duo)輸出穩(wen)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)。例如帶多(duo)輸出和電源通路控(kong)制的(de)鋰離子(zi)充電電池，多(duo)輸出DC/DC轉換器(qi)(qi)和具有動態可調輸出電壓(ya)的(de)開關(guan)穩(wen)壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)等(deng)。

上世紀80年(nian)代，提出了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)制造中電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)集(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)概念，明確了集(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)化是電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)技術(shu)未來發展的(de)方向，是解決(jue)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)技術(shu)發展面臨障(zhang)礙的(de)最有希望的(de)出路(lu)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)集(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)逐(zhu)步成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)功率半導(dao)體器件(jian)中的(de)主導(dao)器件(jian)，把電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)技術(shu)推向了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)管(guan)理(li)的(de)新時代。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)管(guan)理(li)集(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)分成(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓調整器和(he)接口電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)兩方面。正是因為(wei)這么多的(de)集(ji)成(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)（IC）進入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)領域，人們才更(geng)多地以電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)管(guan)理(li)來稱(cheng)呼現階段的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)技術(shu)。