一、電源管理和電源控制的區別在哪里

電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)控(kong)(kong)制和電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)管理之間(jian)的(de)(de)區別，是(shi)關于(yu)數(shu)字(zi)電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)討論中(zhong)的(de)(de)關鍵概念。使(shi)用(yong)“電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)控(kong)(kong)制”術(shu)語來強調電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)供應系統(tong)(tong)內部(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)制功能(neng)(neng)，尤(you)其是(shi)個體內部(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)量流的(de)(de)循環管理。這一定(ding)義包(bao)含了反饋(kui)回路和內部(bu)(bu)管理維持(chi)功能(neng)(neng)。功率(lv)控(kong)(kong)制功能(neng)(neng)在與電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)供應的(de)(de)開關頻(pin)率(lv)實(shi)(shi)時監控(kong)(kong)中(zhong)起到作用(yong)。這種類型的(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)制功能(neng)(neng)可以由模擬或者數(shu)字(zi)技術(shu)實(shi)(shi)現(xian)，電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)供應系統(tong)(tong)無論采用(yong)哪(na)種方(fang)式，呈現(xian)給(gei)最(zui)終(zhong)(zhong)用(yong)戶(hu)的(de)(de)表現(xian)是(shi)基本一致的(de)(de)。這就是(shi)說，數(shu)字(zi)電(dian)源(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)使(shi)用(yong)不(bu)要求最(zui)終(zhong)(zhong)用(yong)戶(hu)做(zuo)任何改變和新的(de)(de)設計。

相應的，“電源管理”是(shi)關(guan)于(yu)一個(ge)或(huo)多(duo)個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)之(zhi)外的(de)(de)通訊和控制(zhi)。包括電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)配(pei)置，單個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)監控，以(yi)及故障監測(ce)信息傳送(song)等。電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)管(guan)理功(gong)能(neng)(neng)不是(shi)實時(shi)的(de)(de)，它們在一定的(de)(de)時(shi)間范圍內起作用，要慢于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)開關(guan)頻率。目前，這(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)都(dou)趨于(yu)將(jiang)模擬和數字技(ji)術結(jie)合。例如，電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻器通常用于(yu)調整輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，而給(gei)每個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)排序則需要專(zhuan)線控制(zhi)。按照愛立信的(de)(de)定義，數字電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)管(guan)理意味(wei)著這(zhe)(zhe)些(xie)功(gong)能(neng)(neng)全部使用數字技(ji)術。此外，簡化(hua)互連(lian)方式應(ying)用在某些(xie)類型的(de)(de)數據通信母線結(jie)構，優(you)于(yu)在每個(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)供(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)應(ying)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)之(zhi)間使用多(duo)種定制(zhi)的(de)(de)互連(lian)手段進(jin)行排序和偵錯。

二、電源管理有什么特點

電源管理(li)的特點是(shi)高效能、低功耗、智能化(hua)。

提(ti)高(gao)(gao)效能涉及兩個不同方面的(de)內容(rong)：一方面想(xiang)要(yao)保持能量轉(zhuan)換(huan)的(de)綜合效率，同時還希(xi)望減小設備(bei)的(de)尺寸；另一方面是保護尺寸不變，大幅度提(ti)高(gao)(gao)效能。

在(zai)交流/直流（AC/DC）變換中(zhong)，低(di)的通態電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻，符合計(ji)算機和電(dian)(dian)(dian)信應用(yong)中(zhong)更加(jia)高效(xiao)適(shi)配器和電(dian)(dian)(dian)源的需要。在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)路設計(ji)方面，一般待機能耗已(yi)經降到1W以下，并(bing)可將電(dian)(dian)(dian)源效(xiao)率(lv)提高至90%以上。要進(jin)一步降低(di)現有(you)待機能耗，則需要有(you)新的IC制(zhi)造(zao)工藝(yi)技術及在(zai)低(di)功耗電(dian)(dian)(dian)路設計(ji)方面的突破。

越來越多(duo)(duo)的系(xi)統會需要多(duo)(duo)輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)穩壓(ya)器。例(li)如(ru)帶多(duo)(duo)輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)和電(dian)源(yuan)通(tong)路控制的鋰(li)離子(zi)充電(dian)電(dian)池，多(duo)(duo)輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)DC/DC轉換器和具(ju)有動態可調輸(shu)(shu)出(chu)電(dian)壓(ya)的開關(guan)穩壓(ya)器等。

上世紀80年代，提出(chu)了電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)制造(zao)中(zhong)電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)子集(ji)成(cheng)概念，明確了集(ji)成(cheng)化是(shi)電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)子技術(shu)未(wei)來(lai)發展的方向，是(shi)解決電(dian)(dian)力(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)子技術(shu)發展面(mian)臨(lin)障礙的最有希望的出(chu)路(lu)(lu)。電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)集(ji)成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)逐步成(cheng)為(wei)功率半導體器(qi)件中(zhong)的主導器(qi)件，把電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)技術(shu)推(tui)向了電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)管(guan)理(li)的新時(shi)代。電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)管(guan)理(li)集(ji)成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)分成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)壓調整器(qi)和接口電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)兩方面(mian)。正是(shi)因為(wei)這么多的集(ji)成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)(lu)（IC）進入電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)領域，人們才更多地以電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)管(guan)理(li)來(lai)稱(cheng)呼(hu)現(xian)階段的電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)技術(shu)。