壽山石是玉石嗎
壽山石以地名命(ming)名,雕起源(yuan)于(yu)南朝(chao),在唐宋時(shi)興起,元明時(shi)成(cheng)熟,盛(sheng)于(yu)清朝(chao),在當代(dai)又得到了復興。壽山(shan)石(shi)是玉石(shi),因為壽山(shan)石(shi)的主要礦物組(zu)成為高(gao)嶺石(shi)族礦物,屬于(yu)天然多(duo)晶質寶石(shi)。
壽山石的寓意和象征
壽山(shan)(shan)石(shi)(shi)(shi)寓(yu)意(yi)(yi)(yi)著長(chang)壽如山(shan)(shan),人們比(bi)德(de)于(yu)石(shi)(shi)(shi),象(xiang)征著堅貞(zhen)不變的品德(de);壽山(shan)(shan)石(shi)(shi)(shi)寓(yu)意(yi)(yi)(yi)著愛(ai)意(yi)(yi)(yi),每種壽山(shan)(shan)石(shi)(shi)(shi)都有其獨特(te)的特(te)征,象(xiang)征著愿意(yi)(yi)(yi)為了所愛(ai)之人付(fu)出一切;壽山(shan)(shan)石(shi)(shi)(shi)寓(yu)意(yi)(yi)(yi)著堅強,它(ta)用漫長(chang)的時間(jian)來修行,象(xiang)征著永不言敗的精神(shen)。
壽山石的種類
壽山石(shi)在寶(bao)石(shi)和彩石(shi)學(xue)中,是屬于彩石(shi)大類的(de)(de)巖石(shi)亞類,它(ta)的(de)(de)種(zhong)屬,石(shi)名都很復雜,約(yue)有一百多個品(pin)種(zhong)。按傳(chuan)統習慣壽山石(shi)的(de)(de)總目一般可主要分為“田(tian)坑(keng)”、“水坑(keng)”和“山坑(keng)”三大類。因為產于田(tian)底,又多現(xian)黃色,故(gu)稱為田(tian)坑(keng)石(shi)或田(tian)黃。
壽(shou)山田黃(huang)凍石(shi)(shi):田黃(huang)凍石(shi)(shi)是壽(shou)山田黃(huang)石(shi)(shi)中(zhong)的珍品,田黃(huang)凍石(shi)(shi)通(tong)體明(ming)透,似凝固的蜂蜜,潤澤(ze)無比。
桃(tao)花(hua)凍(dong)石:質微透(tou)明(ming),色多白(bai)、黃,中帶(dai)細密(mi)(mi)的(de)紅(hong)點(dian),深(shen)淺(qian)大小(xiao)不一,疏密(mi)(mi)有致,聚散(san)有情,濃淡掩映,點(dian)點(dian)分明(ming),光彩奪(duo)目,嬌(jiao)艷欲流,似(si)三月桃(tao)花(hua)散(san)落水上,凝而視之,似(si)動非動,如花(hua)飄靜水。
芙(fu)(fu)(fu)蓉(rong)(rong)凍(dong)石(shi)(shi):芙(fu)(fu)(fu)蓉(rong)(rong)凍(dong)石(shi)(shi)凝(ning)結脂潤、細(xi)膩純凈,按照凍(dong)石(shi)(shi)質地主(zhu)要有(you):白(bai)芙(fu)(fu)(fu)蓉(rong)(rong)石(shi)(shi)、黃芙(fu)(fu)(fu)蓉(rong)(rong)石(shi)(shi)、五(wu)彩(cai)芙(fu)(fu)(fu)蓉(rong)(rong)石(shi)(shi)、紅芙(fu)(fu)(fu)蓉(rong)(rong)石(shi)(shi)、青(qing)芙(fu)(fu)(fu)蓉(rong)(rong)石(shi)(shi)、綠芙(fu)(fu)(fu)蓉(rong)(rong)石(shi)(shi)、竹(zhu)頭窩芙(fu)(fu)(fu)蓉(rong)(rong)石(shi)(shi)、瓷(ci)白(bai)芙(fu)(fu)(fu)蓉(rong)(rong)等,產地主(zhu)要是(shi)將軍(jun)洞、上洞、天面洞、半山芙(fu)(fu)(fu)蓉(rong)(rong)石(shi)(shi)等。
荔枝(zhi)凍石(shi):荔枝(zhi)凍石(shi)的石(shi)性(xing)(xing)凝結,透明度(du)強,晶瑩透澈,紅(hong)、黃(huang)、白(bai)、黑等各色俱有(you)(you),艷麗(li)無比,肌里(li)有(you)(you)粗蘿卜(bu)絲紋(wen),有(you)(you)些原石(shi)還有(you)(you)黃(huang)色皮(pi)。荔枝(zhi)凍石(shi)分為老性(xing)(xing)荔枝(zhi)、新(xin)性(xing)(xing)荔枝(zhi)凍石(shi)、紅(hong)荔枝(zhi)、黃(huang)荔枝(zhi)、紅(hong)黃(huang)荔枝(zhi)、純白(bai)荔枝(zhi)。
牛角(jiao)(jiao)凍(dong)(dong)石:牛角(jiao)(jiao)凍(dong)(dong)石也是壽山石的(de)一種(zhong),因(yin)色澤似牛角(jiao)(jiao)而得名。牛角(jiao)(jiao)凍(dong)(dong)石質地通靈,肌理(li)(li)隱存水流紋(wen),紋(wen)色濃淡交錯,黑(hei)中帶赭(zhe),色如黑(hei)牛角(jiao)(jiao),肌理(li)(li)隱含灰色或灰黑(hei)色的(de)棉花(hua)紋(wen),其中以羊脂凍(dong)(dong)最好。
魚腦凍(dong)石(shi):魚腦凍(dong)石(shi)也是(shi)壽山石(shi)的一種,魚腦凍(dong)石(shi) 石(shi)質溫潤瑩潔,半透明,肌理隱含棉花紋,產量稀(xi)少,十(shi)分難得,是(shi)水坑中的珍品(pin)。
天藍凍石:天藍凍石,顏色(se)蔚藍帶白或黃,肌理(li)有黑(hei)點和棉花紋(wen),如云(yun)霞朵朵。
環(huan)凍石(shi):環(huan)凍石(shi)是因為壽山(shan)石(shi)上有單環(huan)、雙環(huan)乃至多環(huan)相連,布滿石(shi)面。以環(huan)紋清晰、圓圈(quan)色灰白(bai)或深灰,經油浸漬后或變(bian)淡或反增濃是好(hao)的環(huan)凍石(shi)。
水晶凍石(shi)(shi):水晶凍石(shi)(shi)是因為這種壽山石(shi)(shi)透(tou)明度好,沒有渾濁(zhuo)感,如水晶一樣晶瑩剔透(tou),所以因此得名(ming)。
大(da)紅(hong)(hong)袍(pao)雞血凍石(shi):大(da)紅(hong)(hong)袍(pao)雞血凍石(shi)的(de)紅(hong)(hong)色有鮮(xian)紅(hong)(hong)、大(da)紅(hong)(hong)、淡紅(hong)(hong)、暗(an)紅(hong)(hong)、深(shen)紅(hong)(hong)等,一般以(yi)鮮(xian)艷的(de)紅(hong)(hong)色為(wei)上品,凍石(shi)質地細(xi)膩、油(you)潤、微(wei)透明至半透明為(wei)佳品。
鱔草(cao)凍石(shi)(shi):鱔草(cao)凍產于坑(keng)頭洞,質地清靈(ling),色蟹青中略帶微黃,肌理含細點,類似鱔魚之背脊。或(huo)色灰白,呈(cheng)半透(tou)明(ming)體,內現(xian)條(tiao)條(tiao)粗紋(wen),狀如水底(di)飄蕩的草(cao)葉,或(huo)寥寥數片,或(huo)滿石(shi)(shi)密布(bu)。鱔草(cao)凍石(shi)(shi)石(shi)(shi)質凝(ning)膩,凈潔如玉,色光而通(tong)靈(ling),是(shi)壽山石(shi)(shi)凍石(shi)(shi)精(jing)品品種。
豹皮凍:豹皮凍是因為(wei)壽(shou)山石肌理里有隱隱約約的(de)豹紋(wen)而(er)得名。