一、純電動汽車是什么意思

純電動汽車是指(zhi)由電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機驅動(dong)，且驅動(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能來源于(yu)車(che)載可(ke)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能量儲存系統（REESS）的汽車(che)。純電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)是指(zhi)以(yi)車(che)載電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源為動(dong)力，用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機驅動(dong)車(che)輪行(xing)駛，符合(he)道(dao)路交(jiao)通(tong)、安全法規(gui)各項要求的車(che)輛。由于(yu)對環境影響相對傳統汽車(che)較小，其前(qian)景(jing)被廣泛看(kan)好(hao)，但(dan)當前(qian)技術(shu)尚不成熟(shu)。

純電(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車（Battery Electric Vehicle，簡稱BEV），它是完(wan)全由(you)可充電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)池（如鉛酸電(dian)(dian)池、鎳(nie)(nie)鎘電(dian)(dian)池、鎳(nie)(nie)氫電(dian)(dian)池或(huo)鋰離子電(dian)(dian)池）提(ti)供(gong)動(dong)力源的(de)汽(qi)車。雖然它已有186年(nian)的(de)悠久歷(li)史(shi)，但一(yi)直僅限于某些特(te)定范圍內應用，市場較小。主要原因(yin)是由(you)于各(ge)種類別的(de)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池普遍(bian)存(cun)在價格(ge)高、壽(shou)命短、外形尺(chi)寸和(he)重量大、充電(dian)(dian)時間長等不足(zu)。

二、純電動汽車的基本結構和原理

純(chun)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽車(che)由車(che)載電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，電(dian)(dian)池管理系統(tong)，電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)輔助設施，電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)，控制器，底盤，車(che)身七部分(fen)組成，按(an)照傳(chuan)統(tong)汽車(che)的結構劃分(fen)，也可以將純(chun)電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)汽車(che)分(fen)為電(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)機(ji)(ji)，底盤，車(che)身和(he)電(dian)(dian)氣四部分(fen)。

1、電動機

電(dian)動機(ji)是(shi)電(dian)動汽(qi)車(che)的動力裝(zhuang)置(zhi)，電(dian)動汽(qi)車(che)的心臟，它是(shi)依據(ju)電(dian)磁感應(ying)原理實現電(dian)能轉換一種電(dian)磁裝(zhuang)置(zhi)，它的主要(yao)作用(yong)是(shi)產生旋轉遠動，作為用(yong)電(dian)設(she)備或各種機(ji)械的動力源。

2、發電機

發電(dian)機的主要作用是將機械能(neng)轉化(hua)為(wei)電(dian)能(neng)，在電(dian)動(dong)汽車上起能(neng)量回收(shou)的作用。

3、冷卻系統

冷卻系統通(tong)常由散熱器，水泵，風扇(shan)，節溫器，冷卻液溫度表(biao)等組成，電(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車電(dian)動(dong)機(ji)采(cai)用兩種方式散熱，空氣(qi)冷卻和水冷卻，通(tong)常的電(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車多(duo)采(cai)用水冷。

4、傳動系統

因為電(dian)(dian)動(dong)汽車(che)具有良好(hao)的(de)牽引特性，所以不需要(yao)離合器和變速(su)箱(xiang)，車(che)速(su)控制由控制器通過(guo)調(diao)速(su)系統改(gai)變電(dian)(dian)動(dong)機的(de)轉(zhuan)速(su)就可(ke)以實現。

5、行駛系統

也(ye)就是底盤，和(he)(he)燃油車相似，主(zhu)要(yao)包(bao)括車架，車橋，車輪，和(he)(he)懸(xuan)架等，電動汽(qi)車行駛(shi)系(xi)(xi)統的(de)作用是接收(shou)電動機(ji)經傳(chuan)動系(xi)(xi)統傳(chuan)來(lai)的(de)轉矩，并通過驅動輪和(he)(he)路面間的(de)附著作用，產(chan)生路面對汽(qi)車的(de)牽引力，以確保(bao)正常行駛(shi)。

6、蓄電池

蓄電池池的作用就是給電動機提供用電，為了滿足電動汽車對高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的(de)(de)需(xu)求，通常由多個12V或24V的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池串，并聯形(xing)成的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池組作(zuo)(zuo)為動(dong)(dong)(dong)力源(yuan)，動(dong)(dong)(dong)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)組的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓是(shi)(shi)155V~400V，以(yi)周期性(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)來補充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)，動(dong)(dong)(dong)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池組是(shi)(shi)純(chun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)汽車的(de)(de)關(guan)鍵(jian)裝備(bei)，它(ta)儲(chu)存的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)及其自身的(de)(de)重量和體積對純(chun)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)(dong)(dong)汽車的(de)(de)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)起決定性(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用。