壽山石是玉石嗎
壽山石以地(di)名命(ming)名,雕起(qi)源于(yu)南(nan)朝,在(zai)唐宋時興起(qi),元明時成(cheng)熟,盛于(yu)清(qing)朝,在(zai)當代又得(de)到了復(fu)興。壽(shou)山(shan)石(shi)是玉石(shi),因為壽(shou)山(shan)石(shi)的主要礦物組成為高嶺石(shi)族礦物,屬于天然多晶質寶石(shi)。
壽山石的寓意和象征
壽(shou)(shou)(shou)山(shan)(shan)石(shi)寓意(yi)(yi)著(zhu)(zhu)長壽(shou)(shou)(shou)如山(shan)(shan),人們比(bi)德(de)于石(shi),象(xiang)征(zheng)著(zhu)(zhu)堅貞不變的品德(de);壽(shou)(shou)(shou)山(shan)(shan)石(shi)寓意(yi)(yi)著(zhu)(zhu)愛(ai)意(yi)(yi),每種壽(shou)(shou)(shou)山(shan)(shan)石(shi)都(dou)有其獨特的特征(zheng),象(xiang)征(zheng)著(zhu)(zhu)愿意(yi)(yi)為了所愛(ai)之(zhi)人付出一切(qie);壽(shou)(shou)(shou)山(shan)(shan)石(shi)寓意(yi)(yi)著(zhu)(zhu)堅強(qiang),它用漫長的時間(jian)來修行,象(xiang)征(zheng)著(zhu)(zhu)永(yong)不言敗的精神。
壽山石的種類
壽山(shan)(shan)石(shi)(shi)在寶石(shi)(shi)和彩石(shi)(shi)學中,是屬于彩石(shi)(shi)大(da)類(lei)(lei)的巖(yan)石(shi)(shi)亞類(lei)(lei),它的種(zhong)屬,石(shi)(shi)名都很復雜,約有一百(bai)多個(ge)品種(zhong)。按傳(chuan)統習慣壽山(shan)(shan)石(shi)(shi)的總(zong)目一般可主要分為(wei)“田(tian)(tian)坑”、“水坑”和“山(shan)(shan)坑”三大(da)類(lei)(lei)。因為(wei)產于田(tian)(tian)底,又多現黃色,故稱為(wei)田(tian)(tian)坑石(shi)(shi)或田(tian)(tian)黃。
壽山(shan)田(tian)(tian)黃凍(dong)石(shi)(shi):田(tian)(tian)黃凍(dong)石(shi)(shi)是(shi)壽山(shan)田(tian)(tian)黃石(shi)(shi)中的珍品,田(tian)(tian)黃凍(dong)石(shi)(shi)通體明透,似凝固(gu)的蜂蜜,潤澤(ze)無(wu)比(bi)。
桃(tao)花凍(dong)石(shi):質微(wei)透明(ming),色多白、黃,中(zhong)帶細密的紅點(dian),深淺大小不(bu)一,疏密有致,聚散有情(qing),濃淡(dan)掩映,點(dian)點(dian)分明(ming),光彩奪目,嬌艷欲流,似三月桃(tao)花散落水上,凝(ning)而視之,似動非動,如花飄靜(jing)水。
芙(fu)蓉(rong)(rong)凍(dong)石(shi)(shi)(shi):芙(fu)蓉(rong)(rong)凍(dong)石(shi)(shi)(shi)凝(ning)結脂潤(run)、細膩純凈,按照凍(dong)石(shi)(shi)(shi)質地主(zhu)要(yao)有(you):白芙(fu)蓉(rong)(rong)石(shi)(shi)(shi)、黃(huang)芙(fu)蓉(rong)(rong)石(shi)(shi)(shi)、五(wu)彩芙(fu)蓉(rong)(rong)石(shi)(shi)(shi)、紅芙(fu)蓉(rong)(rong)石(shi)(shi)(shi)、青(qing)芙(fu)蓉(rong)(rong)石(shi)(shi)(shi)、綠芙(fu)蓉(rong)(rong)石(shi)(shi)(shi)、竹(zhu)頭窩芙(fu)蓉(rong)(rong)石(shi)(shi)(shi)、瓷(ci)白芙(fu)蓉(rong)(rong)等,產地主(zhu)要(yao)是將軍洞(dong)、上洞(dong)、天面(mian)洞(dong)、半山芙(fu)蓉(rong)(rong)石(shi)(shi)(shi)等。
荔(li)(li)(li)枝(zhi)(zhi)凍(dong)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi):荔(li)(li)(li)枝(zhi)(zhi)凍(dong)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)性(xing)(xing)凝(ning)結,透明度強,晶瑩透澈(che),紅、黃(huang)、白、黑等各色(se)(se)俱有,艷(yan)麗無比(bi),肌里有粗蘿卜絲紋,有些原石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)還有黃(huang)色(se)(se)皮(pi)。荔(li)(li)(li)枝(zhi)(zhi)凍(dong)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)分為老性(xing)(xing)荔(li)(li)(li)枝(zhi)(zhi)、新性(xing)(xing)荔(li)(li)(li)枝(zhi)(zhi)凍(dong)石(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、紅荔(li)(li)(li)枝(zhi)(zhi)、黃(huang)荔(li)(li)(li)枝(zhi)(zhi)、紅黃(huang)荔(li)(li)(li)枝(zhi)(zhi)、純白荔(li)(li)(li)枝(zhi)(zhi)。
牛(niu)角(jiao)(jiao)凍石:牛(niu)角(jiao)(jiao)凍石也是壽山(shan)石的一種,因色(se)澤似牛(niu)角(jiao)(jiao)而得名。牛(niu)角(jiao)(jiao)凍石質地通靈(ling),肌理隱存水流紋(wen)(wen),紋(wen)(wen)色(se)濃(nong)淡交(jiao)錯(cuo),黑(hei)(hei)(hei)中帶赭,色(se)如黑(hei)(hei)(hei)牛(niu)角(jiao)(jiao),肌理隱含灰色(se)或灰黑(hei)(hei)(hei)色(se)的棉花紋(wen)(wen),其中以羊脂凍最好。
魚(yu)(yu)(yu)腦凍石(shi):魚(yu)(yu)(yu)腦凍石(shi)也是壽山石(shi)的一種,魚(yu)(yu)(yu)腦凍石(shi) 石(shi)質溫潤(run)瑩潔,半透明,肌理隱含棉(mian)花紋,產量稀少,十分難得(de),是水(shui)坑中的珍品。
天藍(lan)凍石:天藍(lan)凍石,顏色蔚藍(lan)帶白(bai)或黃(huang),肌理有(you)黑點和(he)棉花紋,如云霞朵朵。
環(huan)(huan)凍石(shi):環(huan)(huan)凍石(shi)是因(yin)為(wei)壽山石(shi)上(shang)有單環(huan)(huan)、雙環(huan)(huan)乃至(zhi)多(duo)環(huan)(huan)相連,布滿石(shi)面。以環(huan)(huan)紋清晰(xi)、圓圈色(se)灰(hui)白或(huo)深灰(hui),經油浸(jin)漬后或(huo)變淡或(huo)反增濃是好的環(huan)(huan)凍石(shi)。
水(shui)晶(jing)凍石:水(shui)晶(jing)凍石是因(yin)為這種(zhong)壽山(shan)石透明度好,沒有渾濁感,如(ru)水(shui)晶(jing)一樣晶(jing)瑩剔透,所以因(yin)此得名。
大紅(hong)袍雞血凍(dong)石(shi):大紅(hong)袍雞血凍(dong)石(shi)的紅(hong)色(se)有鮮紅(hong)、大紅(hong)、淡紅(hong)、暗紅(hong)、深紅(hong)等(deng),一般以(yi)鮮艷的紅(hong)色(se)為(wei)上品(pin),凍(dong)石(shi)質地細膩、油潤、微透明(ming)至半(ban)透明(ming)為(wei)佳品(pin)。
鱔(shan)草凍石:鱔(shan)草凍產(chan)于(yu)坑頭洞,質(zhi)地清靈(ling),色蟹青中略帶微黃,肌(ji)理含細點,類(lei)似鱔(shan)魚之(zhi)背脊。或色灰白,呈半(ban)透明體,內(nei)現條條粗(cu)紋,狀如水底飄蕩的草葉,或寥(liao)寥(liao)數(shu)片,或滿(man)石密(mi)布(bu)。鱔(shan)草凍石石質(zhi)凝膩,凈潔如玉,色光而通靈(ling),是壽山石凍石精品(pin)品(pin)種。
豹(bao)皮(pi)凍(dong):豹(bao)皮(pi)凍(dong)是(shi)因為壽山(shan)石肌理里有隱隱約約的豹(bao)紋而(er)得名(ming)。