一、白熾燈應急照明線路

白熾燈應急照明線路如圖1-1-1所示(shi)。當(dang)市(shi)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)正常(chang)供電(dian)(dian)時(shi)，220V的(de)交流市(shi)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)壓經電(dian)(dian)容(rong)C1壓，再經二極(ji)管VD1的(de)半(ban)整流和電(dian)(dian)容(rong)C2的(de)濾波后(hou)，以(yi)約90mA的(de)脈沖電(dian)(dian)流給電(dian)(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)。與(yu)此同(tong)時(shi)，因為晶(jing)體(ti)管VT1基極(ji)加上正偏壓而處(chu)于(yu)導(dao)通(tong)狀態(tai)，使VT2處(chu)于(yu)截(jie)止(zhi)狀態(tai)，燈泡EL不亮。一旦市(shi)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)斷電(dian)(dian)，晶(jing)體(ti)管VT1由導(dao)通(tong)變成(cheng)截(jie)止(zhi)，VT2由截(jie)止(zhi)變成(cheng)導(dao)通(tong)，燈泡點亮。二極(ji)管VD2的(de)作用(yong)是(shi)隔離(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)和VT1的(de)基極(ji)，保證市(shi)電(dian)(dian)一停(ting)，VT1轉向截(jie)止(zhi)。市(shi)電(dian)(dian)恢復供電(dian)(dian)后(hou)，VT1導(dao)通(tong)，EL熄滅，電(dian)(dian)路復位。

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圖1-1-1中的EL為6.3V、0.15A的小(xiao)燈泡，電(dian)池(chi)可用4節1號電(dian)池(chi)，也可用6V蓄電(dian)池(chi)。

二、熒光燈應急照明線路

熒光燈應(ying)急(ji)照明(ming)線路如圖1-1-2所示。晶體管VT與變壓器(qi)T的一(yi)次(ci)繞組構成(cheng)電(dian)感三點式振(zhen)蕩(dang)器(qi)，將蓄電(dian)池的交流電(dian)壓經(jing)變壓器(qi)的升(sheng)壓作用，在(zai)L3上(shang)得(de)到較高(gao)的交流電(dian)壓，從而(er)點亮8W熒光燈，作為應(ying)急(ji)燈使用。

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電阻(zu)R為晶(jing)體管VT的基(ji)極偏置(zhi)電阻(zu)，適當調整它可改(gai)變逆變輸出(chu)功率。

制作(zuo)時，變(bian)壓(ya)器的磁芯(xin)(xin)可用電(dian)視機的行輸出變(bian)壓(ya)器的磁芯(xin)(xin)，L1用Φ0.35mm漆包線繞40圈(quan)(quan)，L2用Φ0.35mm漆包線繞40圈(quan)(quan)，L3用Φ0.16mm漆包線繞300圈(quan)(quan)。晶體管VT選用3DD15A，電(dian)阻阻值為1kΩ左右，功率為1/8W。

三、消防應急燈線路

消防(fang)應急燈線(xian)路如圖1-1-3所示。該線(xian)路被廣(guang)泛安裝于(yu)公(gong)共場(chang)所的走廊、消防(fang)通道(dao)內(nei)，屬于(yu)消防(fang)專用(yong)設備(bei)。其(qi)工作原理如下(xia)。

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1、燈(deng)光控制(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路：由(you)VT3、VT4、VT5、VT7和按(an)(an)鈕(niu)SB2、SB3構成燈(deng)光控制(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路。在無(wu)市電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，按(an)(an)一下(xia)按(an)(an)鈕(niu)SB2（開），VT5飽和導通，VT5的(de)集(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)通過(guo)R12使VT7維持導通；VD11反向擊穿工作在穩壓狀態；VT5的(de)集(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓給(gei)VT3、VT4提供偏置電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓使其導通，EL1、EL2點(dian)亮。當按(an)(an)一下(xia)按(an)(an)鈕(niu)SB3（關）時，VT7截(jie)止，VT5不具(ju)備導通條件，燈(deng)熄滅(mie)。

當有市(shi)電(dian)(dian)供電(dian)(dian)時(shi)，外(wai)接電(dian)(dian)源經VD9使VD7反(fan)向(xiang)截止．VT5無(wu)法(fa)導通，按鈕SB2和SB3都不能控制燈EL1、EL2的(de)開和關(guan)。

停電后二極管飽(bao)和導(dao)通，構(gou)成(cheng)點(dian)燈(deng)電路(lu)條(tiao)件，EL1、EL2點(dian)亮；來電后VD7負極電位變高又反(fan)向(xiang)截止，VT5截止，燈(deng)滅(mie)（起到自動控制的作用）。點(dian)燈(deng)控制電路(lu)中VD7、VT7通過R6工(gong)作在臨界狀態，按鈕SB2、SB3只(zhi)起到觸(chu)發(fa)作用。

2、電(dian)(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)路：外接(jie)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)VT2、VT6、R8、VD10對電(dian)(dian)池進行恒流充(chong)電(dian)(dian)。當有外接(jie)電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)供電(dian)(dian)時，充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)流經R8、VD10向電(dian)(dian)池充(chong)電(dian)(dian)，且使充(chong)電(dian)(dian)指示燈(deng)VL3點亮。

3、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路：220V交流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓經(jing)(jing)變(bian)壓器變(bian)壓、整流濾波(bo)，由VT1集電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極輸出(chu)4.6V直(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，主(zhu)要提供給(gei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，并經(jing)(jing)R9使VL1發光指示。

4、驗電(dian)(dian)路(lu)：當按(an)住試(shi)(shi)驗按(an)鈕(niu)(niu)SB1不(bu)放(fang)時，VT1截止。VD7負載(zai)電(dian)(dian)位變低而正偏導(dao)通，使VD5導(dao)通，滿足點燈(deng)條件，VL1、VL2點亮；松開按(an)鈕(niu)(niu)SB1燈(deng)隨即熄滅。試(shi)(shi)驗電(dian)(dian)路(lu)的作用是(shi)測試(shi)(shi)點燈(deng)電(dian)(dian)路(lu)是(shi)否正常。

5、 障顯示(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路：由VD13、VT8、R17和VD11組成(cheng)故(gu)障顯示(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路，如果外接電(dian)(dian)(dian)源電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)過(guo)高(gao)使VT8導通，VL2點亮，指示(shi)(shi)過(guo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)故(gu)障。

四、消防應急燈接線方式

消防應(ying)急燈(deng)具(ju)線(xian)(xian)路(lu)(lu)的鋪設按規定(ding)應(ying)設置專用線(xian)(xian)路(lu)(lu)，不應(ying)該與常用的照明線(xian)(xian)路(lu)(lu)共用一條(tiao)電源線(xian)(xian)，并且在專用的線(xian)(xian)路(lu)(lu)中間不應(ying)設置開(kai)關。

二(er)線(xian)制和(he)三線(xian)制型的(de)(de)消防應(ying)(ying)(ying)急燈具可統一使用(yong)一條(tiao)專(zhuan)用(yong)的(de)(de)消防應(ying)(ying)(ying)急專(zhuan)用(yong)電源線(xian)。消防應(ying)(ying)(ying)急燈具專(zhuan)用(yong)電源的(de)(de)設置應(ying)(ying)(ying)和(he)相(xiang)應(ying)(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)防火規(gui)范(fan)相(xiang)結合。

消防應急(ji)電源與(yu)燈具分開放置的，其電氣(qi)連接應采用耐高溫的電源線，以滿足(zu)防火要求(qiu)，提高防護等級(ji)。

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二線制

二(er)線制的消(xiao)防(fang)應(ying)急(ji)燈(deng)具接線方式是專用(yong)消(xiao)防(fang)應(ying)急(ji)燈(deng)具常(chang)用(yong)接法，適用(yong)在應(ying)急(ji)燈(deng)平時不作(zuo)照(zhao)(zhao)明使(shi)用(yong)，或24小時持續(xu)照(zhao)(zhao)明使(shi)用(yong)。（CED標志燈(deng)就屬(shu)于此種類）消(xiao)防(fang)應(ying)急(ji)燈(deng)具在遇到突發性的停電后，應(ying)急(ji)燈(deng)會自動點(dian)亮，提供照(zhao)(zhao)明光源；

三線制

三線制的(de)消(xiao)防應(ying)急(ji)(ji)燈具(ju)接線方式為較常用的(de)應(ying)急(ji)(ji)燈接線方法，可對應(ying)急(ji)(ji)燈具(ju)平時照明(ming)狀態的(de)開(kai)或關(guan)進(jin)行人為的(de)控(kong)制，當遇到(dao)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源突然停電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)情況下，不論設置的(de)開(kai)關(guan)處于何種狀態，應(ying)急(ji)(ji)燈都會立(li)即點亮(liang)應(ying)急(ji)(ji)，提(ti)供(gong)光源，維持照明(ming)。