一、白熾燈應急照明線路

白熾燈應急照明線路如圖1-1-1所示。當市(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網正(zheng)常供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，220V的(de)(de)交流市(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓經電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)C1壓，再(zai)經二極管(guan)VD1的(de)(de)半整流和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)C2的(de)(de)濾波后(hou)，以(yi)約90mA的(de)(de)脈沖電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流給電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。與此同(tong)時，因(yin)為晶(jing)體管(guan)VT1基極加上(shang)正(zheng)偏壓而處于導通(tong)(tong)狀(zhuang)態(tai)，使VT2處于截(jie)(jie)止(zhi)(zhi)狀(zhuang)態(tai)，燈(deng)泡(pao)EL不(bu)亮。一(yi)旦市(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，晶(jing)體管(guan)VT1由(you)導通(tong)(tong)變成(cheng)截(jie)(jie)止(zhi)(zhi)，VT2由(you)截(jie)(jie)止(zhi)(zhi)變成(cheng)導通(tong)(tong)，燈(deng)泡(pao)點(dian)亮。二極管(guan)VD2的(de)(de)作(zuo)用是(shi)隔離電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)和(he)VT1的(de)(de)基極，保證市(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)一(yi)停，VT1轉向截(jie)(jie)止(zhi)(zhi)。市(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)恢復(fu)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后(hou)，VT1導通(tong)(tong)，EL熄(xi)滅(mie)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路復(fu)位(wei)。

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圖1-1-1中的(de)EL為(wei)6.3V、0.15A的(de)小燈泡(pao)，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)可用(yong)4節1號電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)，也可用(yong)6V蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)。

二、熒光燈應急照明線路

熒(ying)光燈應(ying)急(ji)(ji)照明線路(lu)如(ru)圖1-1-2所示。晶體管VT與變壓器T的一(yi)次繞(rao)組構成(cheng)電(dian)感三點式振蕩(dang)器，將蓄電(dian)池的交流電(dian)壓經變壓器的升壓作用，在L3上得到較高的交流電(dian)壓，從而點亮(liang)8W熒(ying)光燈，作為應(ying)急(ji)(ji)燈使用。

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電(dian)阻R為晶(jing)體管VT的基極(ji)偏置電(dian)阻，適當調整(zheng)它(ta)可改變(bian)逆(ni)變(bian)輸出功率。

制作時，變壓器的(de)磁芯可用(yong)電(dian)(dian)視機的(de)行輸出變壓器的(de)磁芯，L1用(yong)Φ0.35mm漆(qi)包線(xian)繞(rao)40圈，L2用(yong)Φ0.35mm漆(qi)包線(xian)繞(rao)40圈，L3用(yong)Φ0.16mm漆(qi)包線(xian)繞(rao)300圈。晶體管VT選(xuan)用(yong)3DD15A，電(dian)(dian)阻阻值(zhi)為1kΩ左右，功率為1/8W。

三、消防應急燈線路

消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)應急(ji)燈線路如圖1-1-3所示。該線路被廣(guang)泛安裝于(yu)公共場所的走廊、消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)通道(dao)內，屬于(yu)消(xiao)防(fang)(fang)專用設備(bei)。其(qi)工作原理(li)如下。

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1、燈(deng)光控制電(dian)路：由VT3、VT4、VT5、VT7和按鈕SB2、SB3構成燈(deng)光控制電(dian)路。在(zai)無市(shi)電(dian)時(shi)，按一(yi)(yi)下(xia)按鈕SB2（開），VT5飽和導通，VT5的(de)集電(dian)極(ji)(ji)電(dian)流通過R12使VT7維持導通；VD11反向擊穿工作在(zai)穩壓狀態(tai)；VT5的(de)集電(dian)極(ji)(ji)電(dian)壓給VT3、VT4提供偏(pian)置(zhi)電(dian)壓使其導通，EL1、EL2點亮。當按一(yi)(yi)下(xia)按鈕SB3（關）時(shi)，VT7截(jie)止，VT5不具備導通條件(jian)，燈(deng)熄滅。

當有(you)市電供電時，外(wai)接電源經VD9使VD7反向(xiang)截止．VT5無法導通，按鈕SB2和(he)(he)SB3都不(bu)能(neng)控制燈EL1、EL2的開和(he)(he)關。

停(ting)電(dian)后(hou)二極管飽和導通，構(gou)成(cheng)點(dian)燈電(dian)路(lu)條件，EL1、EL2點(dian)亮(liang)；來電(dian)后(hou)VD7負極電(dian)位變高又反向截(jie)止(zhi)，VT5截(jie)止(zhi)，燈滅（起(qi)到自動控制的作用(yong)）。點(dian)燈控制電(dian)路(lu)中VD7、VT7通過R6工作在臨界狀態，按鈕SB2、SB3只起(qi)到觸發作用(yong)。

2、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路：外接電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)VT2、VT6、R8、VD10對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)進行恒流(liu)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。當有外接電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)經R8、VD10向電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，且使充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)指(zhi)示燈VL3點亮。

3、電源電路：220V交流電壓(ya)經變壓(ya)器(qi)變壓(ya)、整流濾波，由VT1集電極輸出4.6V直流電壓(ya)，主(zhu)要(yao)提供(gong)給電路供(gong)電源充電，并經R9使VL1發(fa)光指示。

4、驗電(dian)路(lu)(lu)：當(dang)按(an)住試(shi)驗按(an)鈕SB1不(bu)放時，VT1截止(zhi)。VD7負載電(dian)位變低而正(zheng)偏(pian)導通，使VD5導通，滿足(zu)點(dian)燈(deng)條件，VL1、VL2點(dian)亮；松開(kai)按(an)鈕SB1燈(deng)隨(sui)即熄滅(mie)。試(shi)驗電(dian)路(lu)(lu)的作(zuo)用是測試(shi)點(dian)燈(deng)電(dian)路(lu)(lu)是否正(zheng)常。

5、 障顯(xian)示電(dian)路(lu)：由VD13、VT8、R17和VD11組成故障顯(xian)示電(dian)路(lu)，如果外接(jie)電(dian)源電(dian)壓(ya)過高使(shi)VT8導通，VL2點亮，指示過電(dian)壓(ya)故障。

四、消防應急燈接線方式

消防應急燈具線(xian)路(lu)的(de)鋪設(she)按規定(ding)應設(she)置專(zhuan)用(yong)線(xian)路(lu)，不(bu)應該與(yu)常用(yong)的(de)照明線(xian)路(lu)共(gong)用(yong)一條電(dian)源線(xian)，并且在(zai)專(zhuan)用(yong)的(de)線(xian)路(lu)中間不(bu)應設(she)置開關。

二線(xian)(xian)制(zhi)和(he)三線(xian)(xian)制(zhi)型(xing)的(de)消(xiao)防(fang)應急燈具可(ke)統一(yi)使用一(yi)條專用的(de)消(xiao)防(fang)應急專用電源線(xian)(xian)。消(xiao)防(fang)應急燈具專用電源的(de)設置應和(he)相應的(de)防(fang)火規范相結合(he)。

消防(fang)應急電(dian)源與(yu)燈(deng)具(ju)分開放置的，其電(dian)氣(qi)連(lian)接應采用耐高溫(wen)的電(dian)源線，以(yi)滿足防(fang)火要求，提高防(fang)護(hu)等級。

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二線制

二線(xian)制的(de)消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)應(ying)急(ji)燈(deng)具(ju)(ju)接線(xian)方式是專用(yong)(yong)(yong)消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)應(ying)急(ji)燈(deng)具(ju)(ju)常用(yong)(yong)(yong)接法(fa)，適用(yong)(yong)(yong)在應(ying)急(ji)燈(deng)平(ping)時不作照明(ming)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)，或24小(xiao)時持續照明(ming)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)。（CED標志燈(deng)就(jiu)屬于此種類）消(xiao)(xiao)防(fang)應(ying)急(ji)燈(deng)具(ju)(ju)在遇到突發性的(de)停電后(hou)，應(ying)急(ji)燈(deng)會自動點亮，提(ti)供照明(ming)光源；

三線制

三線制的(de)消防應(ying)(ying)急燈(deng)(deng)具接(jie)線方(fang)式為較常(chang)用的(de)應(ying)(ying)急燈(deng)(deng)接(jie)線方(fang)法，可對應(ying)(ying)急燈(deng)(deng)具平時照明(ming)狀態的(de)開(kai)或關進行人為的(de)控制，當(dang)遇到(dao)供(gong)電電源突然停電的(de)情況下，不論設置的(de)開(kai)關處于何種狀態，應(ying)(ying)急燈(deng)(deng)都會立即點(dian)亮(liang)應(ying)(ying)急，提(ti)供(gong)光源，維持(chi)照明(ming)。