消防應急燈廣泛用于公共場所的走廊、消防通道內。現在各廠礦企業、大型超市、醫院學校等都安裝了這種應急燈。市場上眾多的消防應急燈具是由消防公安及安監部門監制的產品．品種繁多，但功能基本一致。當市電停電時，消防應急燈自動點亮，來電時自動熄滅。消防應急燈作為一種備用照明設備，在燈具內裝有停電時提供電源的蓄電池G(或稱電瓶)。由于應急燈長時間與市電并聯在一起工作，所以容易出現故障。

消防應急燈電路原理

應急(ji)燈當有(you)市(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時．通(tong)過變(bian)壓器B降壓、整流(liu)、濾(lv)波(bo)．此時6V的直流(liu)繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)吸合(he)，常開觸(chu)點(dian)閉(bi)合(he)，使整流(liu)后(hou)的直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)通(tong)過R1降壓向(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，LED作(zuo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源指示燈。當市(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)停電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，6V的繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器失電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)．常開點(dian)斷(duan)開，接通(tong)常閉(bi)點(dian)，應急(ji)燈泡ZD接到(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶端．得(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)發光起到(dao)應急(ji)照(zhao)明作(zuo)用。市(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)恢復(fu)(fu)時．回(hui)復(fu)(fu)到(dao)上述過程(cheng)。

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消防應急燈常見故障原因

(1)電瓶長期充電，電液干枯，過早損壞。(2)變壓器長期通電過熱燒壞。(3)最常見的是繼電器線圈長期通電燒壞或其接點燒蝕。這種燈較簡易價格低．然而故(gu)障也出(chu)現得多。

消防應急燈常見故障及維修

由于(yu)電(dian)瓶長(chang)期充電(dian)。又無充滿保護電(dian)路．故最容(rong)(rong)易(yi)壞(huai)，其次是變壓器，再(zai)就是驅(qu)動三極管Q2(或Q3)，如果燈泡長(chang)期被點亮。管于(yu)發熱，也容(rong)(rong)易(yi)損壞(huai)。一(yi)般更換這幾個元件便(bian)能正常工作。

當市電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)正常供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時。通過(guo)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)降(jiang)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)、整流(liu)(liu)、濾波，在C1上(shang)得到(dao)大約13V的(de)(de)(de)直流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)。該電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)經R3、Q1、D6給電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。Q1的(de)(de)(de)基(ji)極接有穩壓(ya)(ya)(ya)二極管DZ1，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻R4既是Q1基(ji)極的(de)(de)(de)偏流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻，又(you)是穩壓(ya)(ya)(ya)管的(de)(de)(de)限流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻，使Q1基(ji)極約為8.9V，這樣充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)受到(dao)限制(zhi)，最高為7.6V．可保護電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)。其(qi)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)隨著電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)而變(bian)(bian)化(hua)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)越(yue)低充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)越(yue)大，反之越(yue)小(xiao)。在充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)狀(zhuang)態，Q2飽和導通，Q3由于(yu)D7、R10的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用而截止，Q4也截止，所以照明燈(deng)ZD1、ZD2不亮。

當220v交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)因故停(ting)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)，變壓器B1次級無(wu)輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)．電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路中直流(liu)13V電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓消失，D7正(zheng)(zheng)極無(wu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，由于(yu)Q2在(zai)停(ting)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)前處于(yu)飽和導(dao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態，所以(yi)Q3立即導(dao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)，Q4基(ji)極電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位升高，Q4也隨之(zhi)導(dao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)，照(zhao)明燈DZ1、DZ2被點亮(liang)。Q4導(dao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)后(hou)其集電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極為低(di)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位，由于(yu)R1跨接在(zai)Q4集電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極與Q3基(ji)極之(zhi)間，Q3基(ji)極電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位下降，維持Q3的導(dao)通(tong)(tong)(tong)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態，照(zhao)明燈一直被點亮(liang)。紅(hong)色(se)LED作(zuo)為充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)指示燈，綠色(se)LED作(zuo)為主電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)指示燈。紅(hong)燈亮(liang)表示電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶正(zheng)(zheng)在(zai)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，綠燈亮(liang)表示有(you)交流(liu)220V電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓。0N／OFF為照(zhao)明燈的開(kai)關按鈕，220V交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)停(ting)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)．可以(yi)通(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)此按鈕打開(kai)或(huo)關閉照(zhao)明燈。

當應急燈出故障(zhang)時(shi)(shi)．可(ke)先觀察兩(liang)指示燈(deng)(deng)的(de)(de)工作狀態。交流220V供電(dian)(dian)(dian)正(zheng)常時(shi)(shi)．綠色(se)指示燈(deng)(deng)應亮(liang)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)紅色(se)指示燈(deng)(deng)也(ye)應亮(liang)。如果綠燈(deng)(deng)不亮(liang)，則應檢(jian)(jian)查(cha)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器次(ci)級是(shi)否(fou)有(you)9V交流電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)容C1兩(liang)端應有(you)13V左右的(de)(de)直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)。如果兩(liang)處都沒有(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)。一般是(shi)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器B1損(sun)壞(huai)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)源(綠色(se))指示燈(deng)(deng)亮(liang)，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(紅色(se))指示燈(deng)(deng)不亮(liang)，可(ke)測(ce)Q1發射極有(you)無7V左右電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，如無電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，則應檢(jian)(jian)查(cha)Q1之前的(de)(de)相應元件。檢(jian)(jian)修中，可(ke)斷開(kai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)正(zheng)極，測(ce)量應急燈(deng)(deng)的(de)(de)開(kai)路充電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)與(yu)通路充電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，正(zheng)常時(shi)(shi)應為7V左右，充電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流約為450mA。如果電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)過高(gao)，則應查(cha)Q1是(shi)否(fou)擊(ji)穿短路，DZ1、R14是(shi)否(fou)開(kai)路，過高(gao)的(de)(de)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，將(jiang)造(zao)成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)過充損(sun)壞(huai)。

交流220V停電時．照(zhao)明燈ZD1、ZD2不亮(liang)．首先查(cha)燈泡是否損壞．再檢查(cha)三極管(guan)Q2、Q3、Q4及相關元件是否損壞；電瓶(ping)老(lao)化等。