消防應急燈廣泛用于公共場所的走廊、消防通道內。現在各廠礦企業、大型超市、醫院學校等都安裝了這種應急燈。市場上眾多的消防應急燈具是由消防公安及安監部門監制的產品．品種繁多，但功能基本一致。當市電停電時，消防應急燈自動點亮，來電時自動熄滅。消防應急燈作為一種備用照明設備，在燈具內裝有停電時提供電源的蓄電池G(或稱電瓶)。由于應急燈長時間與市電并聯在一起工作，所以容易出現故障。

消防應急燈電路原理

應(ying)急(ji)燈當(dang)有(you)市電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)．通過(guo)(guo)(guo)變壓(ya)器B降壓(ya)、整(zheng)流、濾波．此時(shi)6V的直(zhi)流繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)吸(xi)合，常開(kai)觸點閉合，使整(zheng)流后的直(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)通過(guo)(guo)(guo)R1降壓(ya)向電(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，LED作電(dian)(dian)(dian)源指示燈。當(dang)市電(dian)(dian)(dian)停電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)，6V的繼電(dian)(dian)(dian)器失電(dian)(dian)(dian)．常開(kai)點斷開(kai)，接通常閉點，應(ying)急(ji)燈泡ZD接到(dao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶端．得電(dian)(dian)(dian)發(fa)光起(qi)到(dao)應(ying)急(ji)照明(ming)作用。市電(dian)(dian)(dian)恢復(fu)時(shi)．回復(fu)到(dao)上述過(guo)(guo)(guo)程。

該圖片由注冊用戶"洋洋盈耳"提供，版權聲明反饋

消防應急燈常見故障原因

(1)電瓶長期充電，電液干枯，過早損壞。(2)變壓器長期通電過熱燒壞。(3)最常見的是繼電器線圈長期通電燒壞或其接點燒蝕。這種燈較簡易價格低．然(ran)而故障也(ye)出現得多。

消防應急燈常見故障及維修

由于電(dian)瓶長(chang)期充電(dian)。又無充滿保護(hu)電(dian)路(lu)．故最容(rong)易壞，其次(ci)是變(bian)壓器，再就(jiu)是驅動三極管Q2(或Q3)，如果燈泡長(chang)期被點(dian)亮。管于發熱，也容(rong)易損壞。一般更換這幾個(ge)元件便能正常工作。

當市電(dian)(dian)(dian)正常供電(dian)(dian)(dian)時。通(tong)(tong)過變壓(ya)器降(jiang)壓(ya)、整流(liu)(liu)(liu)、濾(lv)波，在C1上得到大約13V的(de)(de)直流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)。該電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)經(jing)R3、Q1、D6給(gei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)。Q1的(de)(de)基(ji)極接有(you)穩壓(ya)二極管DZ1，電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻R4既是Q1基(ji)極的(de)(de)偏(pian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻，又(you)是穩壓(ya)管的(de)(de)限(xian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻，使Q1基(ji)極約為(wei)8.9V，這樣充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)受到限(xian)制(zhi)，最高為(wei)7.6V．可保(bao)護電(dian)(dian)(dian)池。其充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)隨著電(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)而(er)(er)變化，電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)越低充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)越大，反之(zhi)越小。在充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)狀態，Q2飽和導通(tong)(tong)，Q3由于(yu)D7、R10的(de)(de)作用而(er)(er)截止(zhi)，Q4也(ye)截止(zhi)，所以照明燈ZD1、ZD2不亮。

當(dang)220v交流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)因故停電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，變壓器B1次級無(wu)輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)．電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路中直流13V電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓消失，D7正極無(wu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，由(you)于(yu)Q2在停電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)前處于(yu)飽和導通(tong)狀(zhuang)態，所以Q3立即導通(tong)，Q4基極電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)升高，Q4也隨之導通(tong)，照(zhao)明燈DZ1、DZ2被點亮(liang)(liang)(liang)。Q4導通(tong)后其(qi)集電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極為(wei)低電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)，由(you)于(yu)R1跨(kua)接在Q4集電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極與Q3基極之間，Q3基極電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)下降，維(wei)持Q3的導通(tong)狀(zhuang)態，照(zhao)明燈一直被點亮(liang)(liang)(liang)。紅色LED作(zuo)為(wei)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)指示(shi)(shi)燈，綠色LED作(zuo)為(wei)主電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源指示(shi)(shi)燈。紅燈亮(liang)(liang)(liang)表示(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)正在充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，綠燈亮(liang)(liang)(liang)表示(shi)(shi)有交流220V電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓。0N／OFF為(wei)照(zhao)明燈的開(kai)關(guan)按(an)鈕，220V交流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源停電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時．可以通(tong)過(guo)此按(an)鈕打(da)開(kai)或(huo)關(guan)閉(bi)照(zhao)明燈。

當應急燈出故障(zhang)時．可先觀(guan)察(cha)兩(liang)指(zhi)示(shi)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)的(de)(de)(de)工作狀態。交(jiao)流220V供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)常(chang)時．綠(lv)色(se)(se)指(zhi)示(shi)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)應(ying)亮(liang)(liang)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)(ping)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)紅色(se)(se)指(zhi)示(shi)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)也應(ying)亮(liang)(liang)。如(ru)(ru)果綠(lv)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)不亮(liang)(liang)，則應(ying)檢(jian)查(cha)(cha)變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器次級是否有(you)(you)9V交(jiao)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容C1兩(liang)端應(ying)有(you)(you)13V左(zuo)右的(de)(de)(de)直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。如(ru)(ru)果兩(liang)處都沒有(you)(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)。一般是變壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器B1損壞(huai)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(綠(lv)色(se)(se))指(zhi)示(shi)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)亮(liang)(liang)，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(紅色(se)(se))指(zhi)示(shi)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)不亮(liang)(liang)，可測Q1發(fa)射極(ji)(ji)有(you)(you)無(wu)7V左(zuo)右電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，如(ru)(ru)無(wu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，則應(ying)檢(jian)查(cha)(cha)Q1之前的(de)(de)(de)相(xiang)應(ying)元件。檢(jian)修中，可斷開(kai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)(ping)正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)極(ji)(ji)，測量應(ying)急燈(deng)(deng)(deng)的(de)(de)(de)開(kai)路(lu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)與通(tong)路(lu)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，正(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)常(chang)時應(ying)為(wei)7V左(zuo)右，充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流約為(wei)450mA。如(ru)(ru)果電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)過高，則應(ying)查(cha)(cha)Q1是否擊穿短路(lu)，DZ1、R14是否開(kai)路(lu)，過高的(de)(de)(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，將造成電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)瓶(ping)(ping)過充(chong)(chong)損壞(huai)。

交流220V停電(dian)時．照明燈ZD1、ZD2不亮．首先查(cha)(cha)燈泡(pao)是(shi)否(fou)損壞．再檢(jian)查(cha)(cha)三極管(guan)Q2、Q3、Q4及相(xiang)關元件是(shi)否(fou)損壞；電(dian)瓶老化等。