教您如何選擇合適的熒光燈鎮流器

隨著(zhu)人類社(she)會(hui)(hui)的(de)(de)(de)不斷進步(bu)，人們對物質生(sheng)活(huo)與精神(shen)生(sheng)活(huo)的(de)(de)(de)完美追求，現(xian)代(dai)照明(ming)技術演繹精彩世界已被廣泛接(jie)受和(he)應用(yong)，照明(ming)在(zai)當今社(she)會(hui)(hui)已作為(wei)衡量一座(zuo)城市和(he)地區現(xian)代(dai)化文(wen)明(ming)的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)標志(zhi)之一。根據國家(jia)經貿委(wei)、建設部(bu)、國家(jia)質量技術監督(du)局(ju)"關(guan)于進一步(bu)推廣中國綠色(se)照明(ming)工(gong)程的(de)(de)(de)意(yi)見"的(de)(de)(de)文(wen)件精神(shen)，節(jie)能(neng)環保作為(wei)我(wo)國一項重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)產業(ye)政策，必(bi)將對基建和(he)改造工(gong)程有著(zhu)重(zhong)(zhong)要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)(de)現(xian)實指導意(yi)義。

目前，我國正處在(zai)迎接(jie)綠色(se)(se)奧(ao)運(yun)、改(gai)善就醫(yi)(yi)(yi)環境(jing)(jing)的建設時期，適時引進綠色(se)(se)高效(xiao)(xiao)照(zhao)明(ming)(ming)產品(pin)，對(dui)新建和(he)改(gai)造工程中有效(xiao)(xiao)提(ti)高能源(yuan)利用率、保(bao)護環境(jing)(jing)、提(ti)高照(zhao)明(ming)(ming)質量，與現代化、國際化接(jie)軌，創造良好的醫(yi)(yi)(yi)療(liao)、康復環境(jing)(jing)勢(shi)在(zai)必行。醫(yi)(yi)(yi)院照(zhao)明(ming)(ming)設計及(ji)(ji)照(zhao)明(ming)(ming)產品(pin)的選擇是以能充(chong)(chong)分發揮醫(yi)(yi)(yi)院功能；直(zhi)接(jie)或間接(jie)服務于醫(yi)(yi)(yi)療(liao)起作(zuo)用為目的。在(zai)充(chong)(chong)分考慮(lv)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)院環境(jing)(jing)特點(dian)及(ji)(ji)照(zhao)明(ming)(ming)特點(dian)的情況下，注(zhu)重(zhong)(zhong)照(zhao)明(ming)(ming)電器的核心(xin)部件鎮流器的科學(xue)選定對(dui)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)院使用后的照(zhao)明(ming)(ming)質量、運(yun)行費用、樓宇安全、醫(yi)(yi)(yi)務人員工作(zuo)效(xiao)(xiao)率、醫(yi)(yi)(yi)療(liao)儀器設備檢(jian)測數據、診斷(duan)結論及(ji)(ji)對(dui)電網的污染、人身傷(shang)害等有著(zhu)至關(guan)重(zhong)(zhong)要的影響(xiang)和(he)作(zuo)用。醫(yi)(yi)(yi)學(xue)檢(jian)測及(ji)(ji)診斷(duan)結論直(zhi)接(jie)影響(xiang)病人的治療(liao)和(he)健康；因此(ci)，應引起高度重(zhong)(zhong)視(shi)。

目前，室(shi)內照明光(guang)源(yuan)以熒(ying)光(guang)燈(deng)為(wei)主；點燈(deng)有電感鎮(zhen)流器和電子(zi)鎮(zhen)流器兩種方式(shi)。以下分別將高性能電子(zi)鎮(zhen)流器與電感鎮(zhen)流器及普(pu)通電子(zi)鎮(zhen)流器使用情況做一全(quan)面比較：

一、與電感鎮流器比較：

1、高效節能：

電感鎮流(liu)器(qi)工作頻率為50HZ，

電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)鎮(zhen)(zhen)流(liu)(liu)器工(gong)作(zuo)頻率(lv)為20~50KHZ，燈管在(zai)高頻下(xia)發光效率(lv)比(bi)工(gong)頻提高10％，因而電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)鎮(zhen)(zhen)流(liu)(liu)器比(bi)電(dian)(dian)感(gan)(gan)鎮(zhen)(zhen)流(liu)(liu)器點(dian)燈亮(liang)度(du)提高；另(ling)電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)鎮(zhen)(zhen)流(liu)(liu)器自身(shen)耗電(dian)(dian)少，如在(zai)同(tong)等(deng)亮(liang)度(du)下(xia)，采用(yong)電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)鎮(zhen)(zhen)流(liu)(liu)器比(bi)電(dian)(dian)感(gan)(gan)鎮(zhen)(zhen)流(liu)(liu)器節電(dian)(dian)約(yue)20~30％；其(qi)中(zhong)電(dian)(dian)感(gan)(gan)鎮(zhen)(zhen)流(liu)(liu)器工(gong)作(zuo)時(shi)增加室內溫(wen)升(sheng)，夏季需(xu)要(yao)空調(diao)降溫(wen)的電(dian)(dian)費未(wei)計算(suan)在(zai)內。醫院一般照(zhao)明約(yue)占70％，采用(yong)高性能電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)鎮(zhen)(zhen)流(liu)(liu)器比(bi)優(you)質(zhi)電(dian)(dian)感(gan)(gan)鎮(zhen)(zhen)流(liu)(liu)器年可(ke)節約(yue)2~3個月電(dian)(dian)費，可(ke)逐步回收(shou)燈具成(cheng)本(ben)，降低物業運(yun)行成(cheng)本(ben)。

2、舒適：

電(dian)(dian)感鎮(zhen)(zhen)流(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)會產生(sheng)(sheng)頻(pin)(pin)閃現象(xiang)，在(zai)此環(huan)(huan)境下工作、學習視(shi)覺易疲勞。對(dui)高速旋轉(zhuan)物體易產生(sheng)(sheng)錯覺，存在(zai)事故隱患(huan)。同時電(dian)(dian)感鎮(zhen)(zhen)流(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)發出50HZ的(de)低頻(pin)(pin)噪(zao)(zao)聲，易使人(ren)煩躁。耳鼻喉科聽音室(shi)在(zai)采用(yong)熒(ying)光(guang)(guang)燈(deng)照明(ming)時，應使用(yong)電(dian)(dian)子鎮(zhen)(zhen)流(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)，以(yi)防誤診；病(bing)房(fang)、候診大(da)廳在(zai)使用(yong)熒(ying)光(guang)(guang)燈(deng)時，不(bu)宜選(xuan)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)感鎮(zhen)(zhen)流(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)，主要考慮頻(pin)(pin)閃和(he)噪(zao)(zao)音等會引起病(bing)人(ren)的(de)不(bu)適。采用(yong)電(dian)(dian)子鎮(zhen)(zhen)流(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)可(ke)消(xiao)除頻(pin)(pin)閃，保護(hu)視(shi)力，市場銷售(shou)的(de)學生(sheng)(sheng)護(hu)眼燈(deng)就是采用(yong)電(dian)(dian)子鎮(zhen)(zhen)流(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)配備(bei)三(san)基色燈(deng)管設計生(sheng)(sheng)產的(de)。高性能(neng)電(dian)(dian)子鎮(zhen)(zhen)流(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)無頻(pin)(pin)閃、無噪(zao)(zao)音、護(hu)眼護(hu)腦，與三(san)基色燈(deng)管配套(tao)使用(yong)，顯(xian)色性好，色彩(cai)逼真；高光(guang)(guang)效；光(guang)(guang)衰小；舒適；凈化工作、學習、生(sheng)(sheng)活環(huan)(huan)境；提高工作效率，有利病(bing)人(ren)康復；尤其適用(yong)于病(bing)房(fang)、檢查室(shi)等對(dui)照明(ming)要求高顯(xian)色性的(de)場所。

3、安全：

電(dian)感鎮流器由于自身(shen)耗電(dian)量大，耗電(dian)轉化為熱能，表面溫升高(gao)，尤其在電(dian)網(wang)電(dian)壓(ya)波動較高(gao)時(shi)，溫度可達120~130℃，成為火災隱患，此(ci)類事故時(shi)有發生。

電感(gan)鎮流器(qi)在＋10℃以上啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)正常工(gong)作，低(di)于(yu)-5℃啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)困難；電網電壓低(di)于(yu)180V難于(yu)正常啟(qi)(qi)輝；由于(yu)不能一(yi)次(ci)啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)，多(duo)次(ci)啟(qi)(qi)動(dong)易損壞燈管(guan)陰極(ji)，縮短燈管(guan)壽命(ming)。

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感鎮流(liu)器功率因數低，大(da)(da)(da)約0.4~0.6左右(you)(you),致使大(da)(da)(da)量無功功率增大(da)(da)(da)了照明(ming)(ming)線路電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)和(he)變壓(ya)器容量，從(cong)而(er)大(da)(da)(da)大(da)(da)(da)增加線路和(he)變壓(ya)器損(sun)耗，也加大(da)(da)(da)了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能損(sun)失，降低照明(ming)(ming)質量，同時對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)的運行(xing)帶來威脅。安(an)裝補償(chang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容后，明(ming)(ming)顯加大(da)(da)(da)了諧波(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)，因而(er)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)及網(wang)內(nei)其他(ta)儀器設備(bei)造成(cheng)干擾(rao)和(he)危害。高(gao)性能電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子鎮流(liu)器功率因數≥0.97，只(zhi)有3％左右(you)(you)的無功損(sun)耗，無功節電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)45％以(yi)上；諧波(bo)含(han)量小，使輸(shu)入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)波(bo)形畸變小，對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)幾乎無污染；并且可(ke)減少供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備(bei)的增容。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子鎮流(liu)器適(shi)應寬電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)工(gong)作(zuo)范圍，在-10℃~＋50℃環(huan)境下可(ke)正常工(gong)作(zuo)，安(an)全，高(gao)可(ke)靠。

高(gao)性能電子鎮流器對(dui)燈(deng)管(guan)有保護作用(yong)，燈(deng)管(guan)開關次數可達萬次以上，燈(deng)頭無(wu)明顯發(fa)黑，除保證達到燈(deng)管(guan)的標稱壽命(ming)外，還(huan)能延長(chang)其(qi)壽命(ming)1.3~1.5倍。

4、環保：

電(dian)感鎮(zhen)(zhen)流(liu)器(qi)由于使(shi)(shi)用機械啟輝(hui)器(qi)，會產生瞬時高(gao)壓脈沖，對家(jia)電(dian)和其它(ta)用電(dian)設備產生干擾。使(shi)(shi)用電(dian)感鎮(zhen)(zhen)流(liu)器(qi)，電(dian)壓過(guo)(guo)高(gao)，過(guo)(guo)低都會縮短燈管壽(shou)命，廢棄燈管回收不利將會引起汞泄露，帶(dai)來二次污染。高(gao)性能電(dian)子(zi)鎮(zhen)(zhen)流(liu)器(qi)使(shi)(shi)燈管的壽(shou)命延長，節約了頻繁更換燈管的成本和勞(lao)務，既經濟又(you)有利于環保。

綜上所述，對新建和改造工程(cheng)，在項(xiang)目(mu)資金運作、經濟狀況允(yun)許的條件下，應予以全面(mian)否定電(dian)感鎮流器。

二、普通電子鎮流器比較

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)鎮(zhen)(zhen)流(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)是在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)"鎮(zhen)(zhen)流(liu)(liu)(liu)"技(ji)(ji)術和(he)晶體管開(kai)關電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源技(ji)(ji)術基礎(chu)上發(fa)展(zhan)起來(lai)的(de)(de)高新技(ji)(ji)術產(chan)(chan)品，是燈(deng)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)學的(de)(de)具(ju)體產(chan)(chan)品應用(yong)，它集光、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)等(deng)技(ji)(ji)術于(yu)(yu)(yu)一體，主(zhu)要技(ji)(ji)術難(nan)題是功(gong)(gong)能和(he)可(ke)(ke)靠性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)，開(kai)發(fa)符(fu)合國(guo)家標準，適合國(guo)內(nei)消費(fei)(fei)水平，具(ju)有市(shi)場(chang)競爭力、良(liang)好(hao)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)價比的(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)品難(nan)度就(jiu)更(geng)大(da)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)鎮(zhen)(zhen)流(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)問市(shi)十(shi)余年(nian)以(yi)來(lai)，以(yi)其(qi)高效節能、無頻(pin)閃、無噪音的(de)(de)優(you)勢(shi)得到普(pu)遍(bian)關注(zhu)，并迅(xun)速發(fa)展(zhan)，但(dan)由于(yu)(yu)(yu)產(chan)(chan)品的(de)(de)質(zhi)量(liang)，主(zhu)要是功(gong)(gong)能及可(ke)(ke)靠性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)曾存在(zai)許多問題：功(gong)(gong)率因(yin)(yin)(yin)數(shu)低(di)、諧波(bo)(bo)含(han)量(liang)高，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)兼(jian)(jian)容(rong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)差；輸出功(gong)(gong)率低(di)，燈(deng)管亮度低(di)，能效低(di)，功(gong)(gong)耗大(da)，溫度高，特別是使用(yong)壽命短，大(da)面(mian)積群燈(deng)使用(yong)，對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網污染(ran)嚴重(zhong)；并且有互感自激，導致(zhi)鎮(zhen)(zhen)流(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)損(sun)壞，使消費(fei)(fei)者蒙受很(hen)大(da)損(sun)失；嚴重(zhong)損(sun)害了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)鎮(zhen)(zhen)流(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)整體形象；給(gei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)鎮(zhen)(zhen)流(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)造成(cheng)節電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)不(bu)省錢的(de)(de)惡劣(lie)影響。近年(nian)來(lai)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)鎮(zhen)(zhen)流(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)原理及電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)元器(qi)(qi)件(jian)的(de)(de)研(yan)發(fa)、生產(chan)(chan)水平整體提高，國(guo)內(nei)涌(yong)現出不(bu)少優(you)秀產(chan)(chan)品。醫院(yuan)具(ju)有很(hen)多對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)騷(sao)(sao)(sao)擾(rao)(rao)(rao)敏(min)感度很(hen)高的(de)(de)儀器(qi)(qi)設(she)(she)備（包括心臟起博(bo)器(qi)(qi)等(deng)），電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)環境屬(shu)于(yu)(yu)(yu)A類工(gong)業(ye)環境，因(yin)(yin)(yin)而在(zai)照明電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)鎮(zhen)(zhen)流(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)選(xuan)擇(ze)上必須具(ju)備電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)兼(jian)(jian)容(rong)設(she)(she)計。普(pu)通高功(gong)(gong)率因(yin)(yin)(yin)數(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)鎮(zhen)(zhen)流(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)因(yin)(yin)(yin)無電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)兼(jian)(jian)容(rong)設(she)(she)計，諧波(bo)(bo)含(han)量(liang)高，易干擾(rao)(rao)(rao)醫療儀器(qi)(qi)設(she)(she)備，因(yin)(yin)(yin)而不(bu)宜選(xuan)用(yong)。對(dui)醫院(yuan)使用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)鎮(zhen)(zhen)流(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)選(xuan)擇(ze)應在(zai)注(zhu)重(zhong)其(qi)功(gong)(gong)能和(he)可(ke)(ke)靠性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)基礎(chu)上，著(zhu)重(zhong)考(kao)察是否通過EMC認證，具(ju)有良(liang)好(hao)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)兼(jian)(jian)容(rong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)兼(jian)(jian)容(rong)設(she)(she)計是將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)裝置設(she)(she)備或系統(tong)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)騷(sao)(sao)(sao)擾(rao)(rao)(rao)的(de)(de)發(fa)射電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓限制(zhi)在(zai)允(yun)許的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓范圍內(nei)，以(yi)達到保護(hu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)環境（包括電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源網絡），同時在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)騷(sao)(sao)(sao)擾(rao)(rao)(rao)環境下具(ju)有不(bu)降低(di)運行性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)能的(de)(de)能力。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)兼(jian)(jian)容(rong)性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)由電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)敏(min)感性(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)（EMS）和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)騷(sao)(sao)(sao)擾(rao)(rao)(rao)（EMI）構(gou)成(cheng)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)騷(sao)(sao)(sao)擾(rao)(rao)(rao)由無線(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)騷(sao)(sao)(sao)擾(rao)(rao)(rao)、諧波(bo)(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓波(bo)(bo)動和(he)閃爍等(deng)形成(cheng)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)騷(sao)(sao)(sao)擾(rao)(rao)(rao)波(bo)(bo)通過沿電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源線(xian)發(fa)射騷(sao)(sao)(sao)擾(rao)(rao)(rao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源網絡，向周(zhou)圍空間發(fa)射電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)騷(sao)(sao)(sao)擾(rao)(rao)(rao)波(bo)(bo)。