教您如何選擇合適的熒光燈鎮流器

隨著人類社會的(de)(de)不(bu)斷進(jin)步(bu)，人們對物(wu)質生活與精神生活的(de)(de)完美追(zhui)求，現代照明(ming)技術演(yan)繹精彩世界已(yi)被廣泛接受和應用，照明(ming)在當今社會已(yi)作為(wei)衡(heng)量一(yi)座城市和地(di)區現代化文(wen)明(ming)的(de)(de)重(zhong)要(yao)標志(zhi)之一(yi)。根據國(guo)(guo)家經貿(mao)委、建設(she)部、國(guo)(guo)家質量技術監督(du)局"關于進(jin)一(yi)步(bu)推廣中國(guo)(guo)綠色照明(ming)工程(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)意見"的(de)(de)文(wen)件精神，節能環(huan)保(bao)作為(wei)我(wo)國(guo)(guo)一(yi)項重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)產業政策，必將對基建和改造工程(cheng)(cheng)有著重(zhong)要(yao)的(de)(de)現實指導(dao)意義。

目前，我(wo)國正(zheng)處在迎接(jie)綠色奧運、改(gai)善就醫(yi)(yi)(yi)環(huan)境(jing)的(de)(de)建(jian)設時期(qi)，適時引進綠色高(gao)效照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)(ming)產(chan)品，對新(xin)建(jian)和改(gai)造(zao)工(gong)程中有效提高(gao)能源利用(yong)率、保護環(huan)境(jing)、提高(gao)照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)(ming)質(zhi)量(liang)，與現(xian)代化、國際化接(jie)軌(gui)，創造(zao)良好的(de)(de)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)療、康復環(huan)境(jing)勢在必(bi)行。醫(yi)(yi)(yi)院(yuan)照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)(ming)設計及照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)(ming)產(chan)品的(de)(de)選(xuan)擇是以能充分發揮醫(yi)(yi)(yi)院(yuan)功能；直接(jie)或間接(jie)服務(wu)于(yu)醫(yi)(yi)(yi)療起作用(yong)為目的(de)(de)。在充分考慮醫(yi)(yi)(yi)院(yuan)環(huan)境(jing)特點及照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)(ming)特點的(de)(de)情況下，注重照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)(ming)電(dian)器的(de)(de)核心(xin)部件(jian)鎮流器的(de)(de)科(ke)學選(xuan)定對醫(yi)(yi)(yi)院(yuan)使用(yong)后的(de)(de)照(zhao)(zhao)明(ming)(ming)(ming)質(zhi)量(liang)、運行費用(yong)、樓宇安全、醫(yi)(yi)(yi)務(wu)人(ren)員工(gong)作效率、醫(yi)(yi)(yi)療儀器設備檢測(ce)數據、診(zhen)斷結論及對電(dian)網的(de)(de)污染(ran)、人(ren)身傷害等有著至(zhi)關重要的(de)(de)影響和作用(yong)。醫(yi)(yi)(yi)學檢測(ce)及診(zhen)斷結論直接(jie)影響病人(ren)的(de)(de)治療和健康；因此，應引起高(gao)度重視(shi)。

目前(qian)，室內照明(ming)光源(yuan)以熒光燈為主(zhu)；點燈有電(dian)感鎮(zhen)流(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)和電(dian)子(zi)鎮(zhen)流(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)兩種方(fang)式。以下分別將高性(xing)能電(dian)子(zi)鎮(zhen)流(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)與電(dian)感鎮(zhen)流(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)及普通電(dian)子(zi)鎮(zhen)流(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)使用情況(kuang)做一全(quan)面比較：

一、與電感鎮流器比較：

1、高效節能：

電感鎮(zhen)流器工(gong)作頻(pin)率為50HZ，

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)鎮(zhen)(zhen)流(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)工(gong)作頻率為20~50KHZ，燈(deng)管在(zai)高(gao)頻下發(fa)光效率比工(gong)頻提(ti)高(gao)10％，因而電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)鎮(zhen)(zhen)流(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)比電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)鎮(zhen)(zhen)流(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)點燈(deng)亮度(du)提(ti)高(gao)；另電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)鎮(zhen)(zhen)流(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)自(zi)身耗(hao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)少，如在(zai)同等亮度(du)下，采用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)鎮(zhen)(zhen)流(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)比電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)鎮(zhen)(zhen)流(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)節電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)約20~30％；其中電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)鎮(zhen)(zhen)流(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)工(gong)作時增加室內(nei)溫升，夏(xia)季需要(yao)空調降溫的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)費未計(ji)算(suan)在(zai)內(nei)。醫院一般照明約占70％，采用高(gao)性能電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)鎮(zhen)(zhen)流(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)比優(you)質電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)鎮(zhen)(zhen)流(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)年可節約2~3個月電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)費，可逐(zhu)步(bu)回收燈(deng)具(ju)成(cheng)本，降低物業(ye)運(yun)行(xing)成(cheng)本。

2、舒適：

電(dian)感(gan)鎮(zhen)(zhen)流(liu)器(qi)(qi)會產(chan)生(sheng)頻(pin)閃(shan)(shan)現象，在此(ci)環境下工(gong)作、學(xue)習視(shi)覺易(yi)疲勞(lao)。對高速旋轉物體易(yi)產(chan)生(sheng)錯覺，存在事故隱患。同時電(dian)感(gan)鎮(zhen)(zhen)流(liu)器(qi)(qi)發出50HZ的(de)(de)低頻(pin)噪聲，易(yi)使(shi)人(ren)煩躁。耳鼻喉科聽音(yin)(yin)室在采(cai)(cai)用(yong)熒(ying)光燈照明時，應(ying)使(shi)用(yong)電(dian)子(zi)鎮(zhen)(zhen)流(liu)器(qi)(qi)，以防誤診；病(bing)房、候診大(da)廳在使(shi)用(yong)熒(ying)光燈時，不(bu)宜選用(yong)電(dian)感(gan)鎮(zhen)(zhen)流(liu)器(qi)(qi)，主要考慮頻(pin)閃(shan)(shan)和噪音(yin)(yin)等(deng)會引起病(bing)人(ren)的(de)(de)不(bu)適。采(cai)(cai)用(yong)電(dian)子(zi)鎮(zhen)(zhen)流(liu)器(qi)(qi)可(ke)消除頻(pin)閃(shan)(shan)，保護視(shi)力，市場(chang)銷售的(de)(de)學(xue)生(sheng)護眼燈就(jiu)是采(cai)(cai)用(yong)電(dian)子(zi)鎮(zhen)(zhen)流(liu)器(qi)(qi)配備三(san)基色(se)燈管(guan)設計生(sheng)產(chan)的(de)(de)。高性能電(dian)子(zi)鎮(zhen)(zhen)流(liu)器(qi)(qi)無(wu)頻(pin)閃(shan)(shan)、無(wu)噪音(yin)(yin)、護眼護腦，與三(san)基色(se)燈管(guan)配套使(shi)用(yong)，顯色(se)性好，色(se)彩逼真；高光效(xiao)；光衰小；舒(shu)適；凈化工(gong)作、學(xue)習、生(sheng)活環境；提(ti)高工(gong)作效(xiao)率(lv)，有(you)利病(bing)人(ren)康復；尤其適用(yong)于病(bing)房、檢查(cha)室等(deng)對照明要求高顯色(se)性的(de)(de)場(chang)所。

3、安全：

電(dian)感鎮流器由于(yu)自身(shen)耗(hao)電(dian)量大，耗(hao)電(dian)轉化為熱能，表(biao)面(mian)溫升高，尤其在電(dian)網電(dian)壓波動較高時，溫度(du)可(ke)達(da)120~130℃，成(cheng)為火災隱(yin)患，此(ci)類事故時有發生。

電感鎮流器在＋10℃以上啟(qi)動(dong)正常(chang)工作(zuo)，低于(yu)-5℃啟(qi)動(dong)困難；電網電壓低于(yu)180V難于(yu)正常(chang)啟(qi)輝(hui)；由于(yu)不(bu)能一次啟(qi)動(dong)，多次啟(qi)動(dong)易(yi)損壞燈(deng)管陰極，縮(suo)短燈(deng)管壽(shou)命。

電(dian)(dian)感(gan)鎮流(liu)器(qi)功率(lv)因數低，大(da)(da)約(yue)0.4~0.6左右,致(zhi)使大(da)(da)量(liang)(liang)無功功率(lv)增(zeng)大(da)(da)了照(zhao)明線路(lu)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)和(he)變壓(ya)器(qi)容(rong)(rong)量(liang)(liang)，從(cong)而大(da)(da)大(da)(da)增(zeng)加線路(lu)和(he)變壓(ya)器(qi)損耗(hao)(hao)，也加大(da)(da)了電(dian)(dian)能(neng)損失，降低照(zhao)明質量(liang)(liang)，同時(shi)對(dui)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)的(de)運(yun)行帶(dai)來威脅。安裝補償(chang)電(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong)后，明顯(xian)加大(da)(da)了諧(xie)波(bo)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)，因而對(dui)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)及網(wang)內其他儀器(qi)設(she)備造成干擾和(he)危害。高(gao)(gao)性(xing)能(neng)電(dian)(dian)子鎮流(liu)器(qi)功率(lv)因數≥0.97，只有3％左右的(de)無功損耗(hao)(hao)，無功節電(dian)(dian)45％以上；諧(xie)波(bo)含量(liang)(liang)小，使輸入(ru)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)波(bo)形畸變小，對(dui)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)幾乎無污染；并且(qie)可(ke)減少供電(dian)(dian)設(she)備的(de)增(zeng)容(rong)(rong)。電(dian)(dian)子鎮流(liu)器(qi)適應(ying)寬(kuan)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)工(gong)作(zuo)范(fan)圍，在-10℃~＋50℃環境下可(ke)正常工(gong)作(zuo)，安全，高(gao)(gao)可(ke)靠。

高性能(neng)電子(zi)鎮流器對(dui)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)管有保護作用(yong)，燈(deng)(deng)(deng)管開關次數(shu)可達萬次以上(shang)，燈(deng)(deng)(deng)頭無明顯(xian)發黑，除保證達到燈(deng)(deng)(deng)管的標稱壽命(ming)外，還能(neng)延(yan)長其壽命(ming)1.3~1.5倍。

4、環保：

電(dian)(dian)感鎮流器(qi)由于使用(yong)(yong)機械啟(qi)輝器(qi)，會產生瞬時高壓脈沖，對家電(dian)(dian)和其它用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)設(she)備產生干擾(rao)。使用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)感鎮流器(qi)，電(dian)(dian)壓過高，過低都(dou)會縮(suo)短燈(deng)管壽(shou)命，廢棄(qi)燈(deng)管回(hui)收不利將會引起汞泄露，帶來(lai)二次污染(ran)。高性能電(dian)(dian)子鎮流器(qi)使燈(deng)管的(de)壽(shou)命延(yan)長，節約了(le)頻繁更換燈(deng)管的(de)成本(ben)和勞務(wu)，既經濟又有利于環保。

綜上所述，對新建和改造工程，在項目資金(jin)運作、經濟狀況(kuang)允許的條件下，應予以全面否(fou)定電感鎮流器(qi)。

二、普通電子鎮流器比較

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)鎮(zhen)流(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)"鎮(zhen)流(liu)(liu)"技(ji)術和晶體(ti)管開關電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源技(ji)術基(ji)礎上發(fa)展(zhan)起(qi)來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高新技(ji)術產品(pin)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)燈(deng)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)學的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)具體(ti)產品(pin)應(ying)用，它集光、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)等技(ji)術于(yu)(yu)一體(ti)，主(zhu)(zhu)要技(ji)術難題是(shi)(shi)(shi)功(gong)能和可靠性，開發(fa)符合(he)國家(jia)標準，適合(he)國內(nei)(nei)消(xiao)費(fei)水平，具有市場競爭力(li)、良好性價比的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產品(pin)難度(du)就更大。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)鎮(zhen)流(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)問市十余(yu)年(nian)以來，以其(qi)高效節能、無頻閃、無噪音的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優勢(shi)得到(dao)(dao)普遍關注(zhu)，并(bing)迅速(su)發(fa)展(zhan)，但由于(yu)(yu)產品(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質量，主(zhu)(zhu)要是(shi)(shi)(shi)功(gong)能及(ji)可靠性曾(ceng)存在許多問題：功(gong)率(lv)因(yin)(yin)數低(di)、諧波(bo)含量高，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)兼容(rong)(rong)性差；輸出功(gong)率(lv)低(di)，燈(deng)管亮度(du)低(di)，能效低(di)，功(gong)耗大，溫度(du)高，特別是(shi)(shi)(shi)使用壽命短，大面(mian)積群燈(deng)使用，對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)污染嚴重(zhong)；并(bing)且有互感(gan)自(zi)激，導致鎮(zhen)流(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)損壞(huai)，使消(xiao)費(fei)者(zhe)蒙受很大損失；嚴重(zhong)損害了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)鎮(zhen)流(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)整體(ti)形(xing)象；給電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)鎮(zhen)流(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)造成(cheng)(cheng)節電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)不(bu)省(sheng)錢的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)惡(e)劣(lie)影響。近年(nian)來，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)鎮(zhen)流(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)原理及(ji)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)元器(qi)(qi)(qi)件的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研發(fa)、生產水平整體(ti)提(ti)高，國內(nei)(nei)涌現出不(bu)少優秀產品(pin)。醫(yi)院具有很多對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)騷(sao)(sao)擾(rao)敏感(gan)度(du)很高的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)儀器(qi)(qi)(qi)設備（包括心臟起(qi)博(bo)器(qi)(qi)(qi)等），電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)環境屬于(yu)(yu)A類(lei)工(gong)業環境，因(yin)(yin)而在照明電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)鎮(zhen)流(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)選擇上必須具備電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)兼容(rong)(rong)設計(ji)。普通(tong)高功(gong)率(lv)因(yin)(yin)數電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)鎮(zhen)流(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)因(yin)(yin)無電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)兼容(rong)(rong)設計(ji)，諧波(bo)含量高，易干擾(rao)醫(yi)療儀器(qi)(qi)(qi)設備，因(yin)(yin)而不(bu)宜(yi)選用。對醫(yi)院使用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)鎮(zhen)流(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)選擇應(ying)在注(zhu)重(zhong)其(qi)功(gong)能和可靠性的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基(ji)礎上，著重(zhong)考察是(shi)(shi)(shi)否通(tong)過EMC認證，具有良好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)兼容(rong)(rong)性。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)兼容(rong)(rong)設計(ji)是(shi)(shi)(shi)將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)裝置(zhi)設備或系統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)騷(sao)(sao)擾(rao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)射電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓限(xian)制在允許的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓范圍內(nei)(nei)，以達到(dao)(dao)保(bao)護電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)環境（包括電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源網(wang)絡），同時在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)騷(sao)(sao)擾(rao)環境下具有不(bu)降(jiang)低(di)運行(xing)性能的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能力(li)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)兼容(rong)(rong)性由電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)敏感(gan)性（EMS）和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)騷(sao)(sao)擾(rao)（EMI）構(gou)成(cheng)(cheng)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)騷(sao)(sao)擾(rao)由無線電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)騷(sao)(sao)擾(rao)、諧波(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓波(bo)動和閃爍等形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)騷(sao)(sao)擾(rao)波(bo)通(tong)過沿電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源線發(fa)射騷(sao)(sao)擾(rao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源網(wang)絡，向周圍空(kong)間發(fa)射電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)騷(sao)(sao)擾(rao)波(bo)。