教您如何選擇合適的熒光燈鎮流器

隨著人類社會(hui)的(de)不斷進步，人們對(dui)物質生(sheng)活(huo)與精神(shen)生(sheng)活(huo)的(de)完(wan)美追求，現(xian)代照(zhao)明(ming)技(ji)術(shu)演(yan)繹精彩(cai)世界已(yi)被廣泛接(jie)受和應用，照(zhao)明(ming)在當今社會(hui)已(yi)作為衡(heng)量一(yi)座城市和地區現(xian)代化文(wen)明(ming)的(de)重(zhong)要標志之(zhi)一(yi)。根(gen)據國家(jia)經貿委、建(jian)設部、國家(jia)質量技(ji)術(shu)監(jian)督局"關于進一(yi)步推廣中國綠色(se)照(zhao)明(ming)工程的(de)意見"的(de)文(wen)件精神(shen)，節能環保作為我國一(yi)項重(zhong)要的(de)產業政策(ce)，必將(jiang)對(dui)基建(jian)和改造工程有著重(zhong)要的(de)現(xian)實指導(dao)意義。

目前，我國正處(chu)在(zai)迎(ying)接(jie)綠(lv)色奧運、改善(shan)就(jiu)醫(yi)(yi)環境的(de)建(jian)(jian)設時(shi)期，適時(shi)引進綠(lv)色高效照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明產(chan)品，對新建(jian)(jian)和改造工程中有效提高能(neng)源利用(yong)率、保護(hu)環境、提高照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明質量，與現代化、國際化接(jie)軌，創造良好的(de)醫(yi)(yi)療(liao)(liao)、康復環境勢在(zai)必(bi)行。醫(yi)(yi)院(yuan)(yuan)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明設計及照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明產(chan)品的(de)選擇是以能(neng)充分(fen)發揮醫(yi)(yi)院(yuan)(yuan)功(gong)能(neng)；直(zhi)接(jie)或間接(jie)服務于醫(yi)(yi)療(liao)(liao)起作用(yong)為目的(de)。在(zai)充分(fen)考慮醫(yi)(yi)院(yuan)(yuan)環境特(te)(te)點及照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明特(te)(te)點的(de)情(qing)況下(xia)，注重照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明電(dian)器(qi)的(de)核(he)心部件鎮流器(qi)的(de)科學(xue)(xue)選定(ding)對醫(yi)(yi)院(yuan)(yuan)使用(yong)后的(de)照(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)明質量、運行費用(yong)、樓宇安全、醫(yi)(yi)務人(ren)員(yuan)工作效率、醫(yi)(yi)療(liao)(liao)儀器(qi)設備(bei)檢(jian)測數據、診斷結論(lun)及對電(dian)網的(de)污染、人(ren)身傷(shang)害等有著至關重要的(de)影(ying)響和作用(yong)。醫(yi)(yi)學(xue)(xue)檢(jian)測及診斷結論(lun)直(zhi)接(jie)影(ying)響病(bing)人(ren)的(de)治(zhi)療(liao)(liao)和健康；因此，應引起高度(du)重視。

目前，室內照(zhao)明光源以熒光燈為主；點燈有(you)電(dian)(dian)感(gan)鎮流(liu)器和電(dian)(dian)子(zi)鎮流(liu)器兩種方(fang)式。以下分別將(jiang)高性(xing)能(neng)電(dian)(dian)子(zi)鎮流(liu)器與(yu)電(dian)(dian)感(gan)鎮流(liu)器及(ji)普(pu)通電(dian)(dian)子(zi)鎮流(liu)器使用情況做一全(quan)面比較：

一、與電感鎮流器比較：

1、高效節能：

電感鎮流器工作(zuo)頻率為(wei)50HZ，

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)流(liu)器(qi)工作(zuo)頻率為20~50KHZ，燈(deng)管(guan)在高(gao)頻下發光效率比工頻提高(gao)10％，因而電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)流(liu)器(qi)比電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)流(liu)器(qi)點(dian)燈(deng)亮度(du)提高(gao)；另電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)流(liu)器(qi)自身耗電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)少，如(ru)在同等亮度(du)下，采(cai)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)流(liu)器(qi)比電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)流(liu)器(qi)節電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)約20~30％；其中電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)流(liu)器(qi)工作(zuo)時增加室內(nei)溫(wen)升，夏季需要空(kong)調降(jiang)溫(wen)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)費(fei)未計(ji)算在內(nei)。醫院一(yi)般照明約占70％，采(cai)用(yong)高(gao)性能電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)流(liu)器(qi)比優質(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感(gan)鎮(zhen)(zhen)(zhen)流(liu)器(qi)年(nian)可節約2~3個(ge)月(yue)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)費(fei)，可逐步回收(shou)燈(deng)具成(cheng)本，降(jiang)低物業(ye)運行成(cheng)本。

2、舒適：

電(dian)感(gan)鎮(zhen)(zhen)流(liu)器(qi)會產生(sheng)(sheng)頻(pin)閃現(xian)象，在(zai)(zai)此環境下工作、學(xue)習(xi)視覺易(yi)(yi)疲勞。對(dui)高速旋轉(zhuan)物體易(yi)(yi)產生(sheng)(sheng)錯覺，存在(zai)(zai)事(shi)故隱患。同時(shi)電(dian)感(gan)鎮(zhen)(zhen)流(liu)器(qi)發(fa)出50HZ的(de)(de)低頻(pin)噪(zao)聲，易(yi)(yi)使人煩躁。耳鼻喉(hou)科聽音(yin)(yin)室在(zai)(zai)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)熒光燈(deng)照明時(shi)，應(ying)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)鎮(zhen)(zhen)流(liu)器(qi)，以防(fang)誤(wu)診；病(bing)房、候診大廳在(zai)(zai)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)熒光燈(deng)時(shi)，不(bu)宜選(xuan)用(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)感(gan)鎮(zhen)(zhen)流(liu)器(qi)，主要考慮(lv)頻(pin)閃和噪(zao)音(yin)(yin)等會引(yin)起病(bing)人的(de)(de)不(bu)適。采用(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)鎮(zhen)(zhen)流(liu)器(qi)可消除頻(pin)閃，保(bao)護視力，市場銷(xiao)售的(de)(de)學(xue)生(sheng)(sheng)護眼燈(deng)就是(shi)采用(yong)(yong)(yong)電(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)鎮(zhen)(zhen)流(liu)器(qi)配備(bei)三基色(se)燈(deng)管(guan)設計生(sheng)(sheng)產的(de)(de)。高性(xing)(xing)能電(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)鎮(zhen)(zhen)流(liu)器(qi)無頻(pin)閃、無噪(zao)音(yin)(yin)、護眼護腦，與(yu)三基色(se)燈(deng)管(guan)配套使用(yong)(yong)(yong)，顯(xian)色(se)性(xing)(xing)好，色(se)彩逼真；高光效(xiao)；光衰小；舒(shu)適；凈化工作、學(xue)習(xi)、生(sheng)(sheng)活環境；提高工作效(xiao)率，有利病(bing)人康復；尤(you)其適用(yong)(yong)(yong)于病(bing)房、檢查室等對(dui)照明要求高顯(xian)色(se)性(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)場所。

3、安全：

電感鎮流器(qi)由于自身耗電量大(da)，耗電轉化為(wei)熱(re)能，表面溫升高(gao)，尤其(qi)在電網電壓(ya)波動較高(gao)時，溫度可(ke)達120~130℃，成(cheng)為(wei)火災隱(yin)患，此類(lei)事故時有發(fa)生。

電感鎮流(liu)器在＋10℃以上啟(qi)動正常工作，低(di)于(yu)-5℃啟(qi)動困(kun)難；電網電壓(ya)低(di)于(yu)180V難于(yu)正常啟(qi)輝；由于(yu)不能一(yi)次啟(qi)動，多次啟(qi)動易(yi)損壞燈(deng)(deng)管陰極，縮短(duan)燈(deng)(deng)管壽命。

電(dian)感鎮(zhen)流(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)功(gong)率因數低，大約0.4~0.6左右,致使大量(liang)無功(gong)功(gong)率增大了照明線路(lu)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)和變壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)容(rong)量(liang)，從而大大增加(jia)線路(lu)和變壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)損(sun)耗，也(ye)加(jia)大了電(dian)能損(sun)失，降低照明質量(liang)，同時(shi)對電(dian)網(wang)的(de)運行帶來威脅。安裝補償電(dian)容(rong)后，明顯加(jia)大了諧(xie)波(bo)電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)，因而對電(dian)網(wang)及(ji)網(wang)內其他儀器(qi)(qi)設(she)(she)備(bei)造(zao)成干擾(rao)和危害。高(gao)性(xing)能電(dian)子鎮(zhen)流(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)功(gong)率因數≥0.97，只有3％左右的(de)無功(gong)損(sun)耗，無功(gong)節電(dian)45％以上；諧(xie)波(bo)含量(liang)小，使輸(shu)入電(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)波(bo)形(xing)畸(ji)變小，對電(dian)網(wang)幾乎無污染；并且可減少供電(dian)設(she)(she)備(bei)的(de)增容(rong)。電(dian)子鎮(zhen)流(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)(qi)適應寬電(dian)壓(ya)工作范圍，在-10℃~＋50℃環(huan)境下可正(zheng)常工作，安全，高(gao)可靠。

高(gao)性能電子鎮(zhen)流器對燈管有(you)保護作用，燈管開關(guan)次數(shu)可達萬次以上(shang)，燈頭無明顯發黑，除保證達到燈管的標稱(cheng)壽命(ming)外，還能延長其壽命(ming)1.3~1.5倍。

4、環保：

電(dian)感鎮流(liu)器(qi)由于使用(yong)機械啟輝(hui)器(qi)，會產生瞬時高壓(ya)脈沖，對家電(dian)和其它用(yong)電(dian)設(she)備產生干擾(rao)。使用(yong)電(dian)感鎮流(liu)器(qi)，電(dian)壓(ya)過高，過低都會縮短燈管(guan)壽命(ming)，廢棄燈管(guan)回(hui)收不利(li)將會引起汞泄露，帶來二(er)次污染。高性能電(dian)子鎮流(liu)器(qi)使燈管(guan)的(de)壽命(ming)延長，節約了頻繁(fan)更換(huan)燈管(guan)的(de)成本(ben)和勞(lao)務(wu)，既(ji)經濟又有利(li)于環保。

綜上所(suo)述，對新建和改(gai)造工程，在項目資金運作、經濟狀況(kuang)允許的條件下，應予以全(quan)面否(fou)定電感鎮流器。

二、普通電子鎮流器比較

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子鎮(zhen)(zhen)流(liu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)是在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子"鎮(zhen)(zhen)流(liu)"技(ji)(ji)(ji)術和(he)晶(jing)體(ti)管開(kai)關電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術基礎上發(fa)展起(qi)來(lai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)高新技(ji)(ji)(ji)術產品(pin)(pin)，是燈用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子學的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)具(ju)(ju)體(ti)產品(pin)(pin)應用(yong)，它(ta)集光(guang)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)、磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)等(deng)技(ji)(ji)(ji)術于一體(ti)，主(zhu)要技(ji)(ji)(ji)術難題是功(gong)能和(he)可靠性(xing)(xing)，開(kai)發(fa)符合國家(jia)標準，適合國內消(xiao)費水平，具(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)(you)市場競爭力(li)、良好(hao)性(xing)(xing)價比(bi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)產品(pin)(pin)難度(du)就更(geng)大(da)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子鎮(zhen)(zhen)流(liu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)問市十(shi)余年(nian)以來(lai)，以其高效(xiao)節能、無(wu)頻閃(shan)、無(wu)噪音(yin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)優勢(shi)得(de)到普(pu)(pu)遍關注，并迅速發(fa)展，但由(you)于產品(pin)(pin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)質量，主(zhu)要是功(gong)能及可靠性(xing)(xing)曾存在(zai)(zai)許多(duo)問題：功(gong)率(lv)因(yin)(yin)數(shu)低、諧(xie)波(bo)含(han)量高，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)兼(jian)(jian)容(rong)(rong)性(xing)(xing)差；輸出功(gong)率(lv)低，燈管亮度(du)低，能效(xiao)低，功(gong)耗大(da)，溫度(du)高，特別(bie)是使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)壽命(ming)短，大(da)面(mian)積(ji)群燈使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)，對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)污染嚴重(zhong)；并且有(you)(you)(you)互感(gan)自(zi)激，導致鎮(zhen)(zhen)流(liu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)損(sun)壞，使(shi)(shi)(shi)消(xiao)費者蒙受很(hen)大(da)損(sun)失(shi)；嚴重(zhong)損(sun)害了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子鎮(zhen)(zhen)流(liu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)整體(ti)形(xing)象；給電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子鎮(zhen)(zhen)流(liu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)造成(cheng)節電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)不(bu)省錢(qian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)惡劣影響。近(jin)年(nian)來(lai)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子鎮(zhen)(zhen)流(liu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)原理及電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子元(yuan)器(qi)(qi)(qi)件的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)研發(fa)、生產水平整體(ti)提(ti)高，國內涌現出不(bu)少優秀產品(pin)(pin)。醫(yi)(yi)院(yuan)具(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)(you)很(hen)多(duo)對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)騷擾(rao)(rao)(rao)敏感(gan)度(du)很(hen)高的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)儀(yi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)設(she)備(bei)(bei)（包括心臟起(qi)博器(qi)(qi)(qi)等(deng)），電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)環境(jing)(jing)屬(shu)于A類工業環境(jing)(jing)，因(yin)(yin)而在(zai)(zai)照明電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)(qi)(qi)鎮(zhen)(zhen)流(liu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)選擇(ze)上必須具(ju)(ju)備(bei)(bei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)兼(jian)(jian)容(rong)(rong)設(she)計。普(pu)(pu)通高功(gong)率(lv)因(yin)(yin)數(shu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子鎮(zhen)(zhen)流(liu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)因(yin)(yin)無(wu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)兼(jian)(jian)容(rong)(rong)設(she)計，諧(xie)波(bo)含(han)量高，易干擾(rao)(rao)(rao)醫(yi)(yi)療儀(yi)器(qi)(qi)(qi)設(she)備(bei)(bei)，因(yin)(yin)而不(bu)宜選用(yong)。對(dui)醫(yi)(yi)院(yuan)使(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子鎮(zhen)(zhen)流(liu)器(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)選擇(ze)應在(zai)(zai)注重(zhong)其功(gong)能和(he)可靠性(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)基礎上，著(zhu)重(zhong)考察是否通過EMC認(ren)證，具(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)(you)良好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)兼(jian)(jian)容(rong)(rong)性(xing)(xing)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)兼(jian)(jian)容(rong)(rong)設(she)計是將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣(qi)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子裝置設(she)備(bei)(bei)或系統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)騷擾(rao)(rao)(rao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)發(fa)射電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓限制在(zai)(zai)允許的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓范圍內，以達(da)到保護(hu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)環境(jing)(jing)（包括電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)網(wang)絡(luo)），同時在(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)騷擾(rao)(rao)(rao)環境(jing)(jing)下具(ju)(ju)有(you)(you)(you)不(bu)降低運行性(xing)(xing)能的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)能力(li)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)兼(jian)(jian)容(rong)(rong)性(xing)(xing)由(you)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)敏感(gan)性(xing)(xing)（EMS）和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)騷擾(rao)(rao)(rao)（EMI）構成(cheng)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)騷擾(rao)(rao)(rao)由(you)無(wu)線(xian)(xian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)騷擾(rao)(rao)(rao)、諧(xie)波(bo)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓波(bo)動和(he)閃(shan)爍(shuo)等(deng)形(xing)成(cheng)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)騷擾(rao)(rao)(rao)波(bo)通過沿電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)線(xian)(xian)發(fa)射騷擾(rao)(rao)(rao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)網(wang)絡(luo)，向周圍空(kong)間發(fa)射電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)磁(ci)(ci)(ci)(ci)騷擾(rao)(rao)(rao)波(bo)。