什么是整流器
整流器是(shi)(shi)把交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)轉換成(cheng)直流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)的(de)裝置,可(ke)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)供電(dian)(dian)裝置及(ji)偵測無線(xian)電(dian)(dian)信號等(deng)。整(zheng)流(liu)(liu)器可(ke)以真空管(guan),引(yin)燃管(guan),固態矽半(ban)導體二(er)極管(guan),汞弧(hu)等(deng)制(zhi)成(cheng)。整(zheng)流(liu)(liu)器是(shi)(shi)一(yi)個(ge)整(zheng)流(liu)(liu)裝置,簡(jian)單的(de)說就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)將(jiang)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(AC)轉化為直流(liu)(liu)(DC)的(de)裝置。它(ta)有兩個(ge)主要功(gong)能:第一(yi),將(jiang)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(AC)變成(cheng)直流(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(DC),經濾波后供給(gei)(gei)負載(zai),或者供給(gei)(gei)逆(ni)變器;第二(er),給(gei)(gei)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)提供充(chong)電(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)壓。因此,它(ta)同時又起到一(yi)個(ge)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)器的(de)作用(yong)(yong)。
整流器原理
在(zai)以(yi)(yi)大功(gong)率(lv)二(er)極管或(huo)晶閘管為(wei)基(ji)礎(chu)的(de)(de)(de)兩種基(ji)本類型(xing)的(de)(de)(de)整(zheng)流(liu)器(qi)(qi)中,電(dian)網的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)壓(ya)交流(liu)功(gong)率(lv)通過變壓(ya)器(qi)(qi)變換(huan)(huan)為(wei)直流(liu)功(gong)率(lv)。提到未來(不久的(de)(de)(de)或(huo)遙遠的(de)(de)(de))的(de)(de)(de)其它類型(xing)整(zheng)流(liu)器(qi)(qi):以(yi)(yi)不可控二(er)極管前沿產品為(wei)基(ji)礎(chu)的(de)(de)(de)斬(zhan)波器(qi)(qi)、斬(zhan)波直流(liu)/直流(liu)變換(huan)(huan)器(qi)(qi)或(huo)電(dian)流(liu)源(yuan)逆變型(xing)有源(yuan)整(zheng)流(liu)器(qi)(qi)。
整流器與鎮流器的區別
把(ba)交(jiao)流電(dian)變成直流電(dian)的設備就稱為整流器。按(an)照所采用的整流器件,可分為機械(xie)式、電(dian)子管(guan)式和半導(dao)體式幾(ji)類。 電(dian)感(gan)鎮(zhen)流器是一個鐵(tie)芯電(dian)感(gan)線(xian)圈(quan)(quan),電(dian)感(gan)的性質是當線(xian)圈(quan)(quan)中(zhong)的電(dian)流發生變化(hua)時(shi),則在(zai)線(xian)圈(quan)(quan)中(zhong)將引起(qi)磁(ci)通的變化(hua),從而(er)產生感(gan)應電(dian)動勢,其方向與(yu)電(dian)流的方向相反,因而(er)阻礙(ai)著電(dian)流變化(hua)。
鎮流器是什么
鎮流(liu)器(qi)(ballast resistor)是日光燈上起限流作用和產生瞬間高壓的設備,它是在硅鋼制作的鐵芯上纏漆包線制作而成,這樣的帶鐵芯的線圈,在瞬間開/關上(shang)電(dian)時,就(jiu)會自感產生高(gao)壓,加在(zai)日(ri)光(guang)(guang)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)兩(liang)端(duan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)極(燈(deng)(deng)(deng)絲)上(shang)。這個動(dong)作(zuo)(zuo)是(shi)交替進行的(de)(de)(de)(de),當啟(qi)輝(hui)(hui)器(qi)(qi)(跳(tiao)泡)閉合時,燈(deng)(deng)(deng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)絲通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)鎮(zhen)流(liu)器(qi)(qi)限(xian)流(liu)導通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)發(fa)(fa)(fa)熱(re)(re);當啟(qi)輝(hui)(hui)器(qi)(qi)開路時,鎮(zhen)流(liu)器(qi)(qi)就(jiu)會自感產生高(gao)壓加在(zai)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)兩(liang)端(duan)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)絲上(shang),燈(deng)(deng)(deng)絲發(fa)(fa)(fa)射電(dian)子轟(hong)擊管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)壁的(de)(de)(de)(de)螢(ying)光(guang)(guang)粉(fen)發(fa)(fa)(fa)光(guang)(guang),啟(qi)輝(hui)(hui)器(qi)(qi)反復(fu)幾(ji)次通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)斷,就(jiu)會反復(fu)幾(ji)次這樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)動(dong)作(zuo)(zuo),從而(er)打通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)。當燈(deng)(deng)(deng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)正常發(fa)(fa)(fa)光(guang)(guang)時,內阻變小,啟(qi)輝(hui)(hui)器(qi)(qi)就(jiu)始(shi)終(zhong)保持開路狀(zhuang)態(tai),這樣電(dian)流(liu)就(jiu)穩定的(de)(de)(de)(de)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)、鎮(zhen)流(liu)器(qi)(qi)工作(zuo)(zuo)了(le),使燈(deng)(deng)(deng)管(guan)(guan)(guan)(guan)正常發(fa)(fa)(fa)光(guang)(guang)。由(you)于(yu)鎮(zhen)流(liu)器(qi)(qi)在(zai)日(ri)光(guang)(guang)燈(deng)(deng)(deng)工作(zuo)(zuo)時,始(shi)終(zhong)有電(dian)流(liu)通(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)過(guo),所(suo)以(yi)容易(yi)產生振動(dong),并(bing)且會發(fa)(fa)(fa)熱(re)(re),所(suo)以(yi)有鎮(zhen)流(liu)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)日(ri)光(guang)(guang)燈(deng)(deng)(deng),特別是(shi)鎮(zhen)流(liu)器(qi)(qi)質(zhi)量不好(hao)時,會產生很大的(de)(de)(de)(de)聲音(yin),用的(de)(de)(de)(de)時間(jian)長了(le),還容易(yi)燒(shao)毀。
電子鎮流器的工作原理
電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)鎮流(liu)(liu)(liu)器(qi)是一個將(jiang)工頻交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源轉(zhuan)換(huan)(huan)成高(gao)頻交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源的(de)變換(huan)(huan)器(qi),其基本(ben)工作(zuo)原理是:工頻電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源經過射(she)頻干擾(RFI)濾波器(qi),全波整流(liu)(liu)(liu)和(he)無源(或(huo)有(you)源)功(gong)率因(yin)數校正器(qi)(PPFC或(huo)APFC)后(hou),變為直流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源。通過DC/AC變換(huan)(huan)器(qi),輸出20K-100KHZ的(de)高(gao)頻交(jiao)(jiao)流(liu)(liu)(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源,加到與(yu)燈(deng)(deng)連接的(de)LC串聯諧振電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路加熱燈(deng)(deng)絲(si),同時在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器(qi)上產生諧振高(gao)壓,加在燈(deng)(deng)管(guan)兩端,但使燈(deng)(deng)管(guan)"放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)"變成"導通"狀(zhuang)態(tai),再進入發(fa)光狀(zhuang)態(tai),此(ci)時高(gao)頻電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感起限制電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)增大(da)的(de)作(zuo)用,保證燈(deng)(deng)管(guan)獲得正常(chang)工作(zuo)所(suo)需的(de)燈(deng)(deng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓和(he)燈(deng)(deng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu),為了提高(gao)可靠性,常(chang)增設各種保護(hu)(hu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路,如異常(chang)保護(hu)(hu),浪涌(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)保護(hu)(hu),溫度保護(hu)(hu)等等。
直管熒光燈鎮流器
直管熒光燈鎮流(liu)器(qi)對(dui)實施(shi)“照(zhao)明功(gong)率(lv)密(mi)度(LPD)”限值(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)影響 GB50034-2004第(di)6章規定了“照(zhao)明功(gong)率(lv)密(mi)度(LPD)”最高限值(zhi)指標,并作為強制性(xing)條(tiao)文發(fa)布。這(zhe)項(xiang)規定對(dui)于實施(shi)我國節能方(fang)針無(wu)疑是十(shi)分積極(ji)而有效的(de)(de)(de)。要(yao)實施(shi)這(zhe)項(xiang)指標,必須全面(mian)地采取各項(xiang)措施(shi),包(bao)括合理確定照(zhao)度水平,開展科學的(de)(de)(de)照(zhao)明工程設計等,但合理選用照(zhao)明器(qi)材,包(bao)括光(guang)源、燈具及鎮流(liu)器(qi),是十(shi)分重要(yao)的(de)(de)(de)因素。其中(zhong),光(guang)源是第(di)一要(yao)素。以(yi)應用最廣泛的(de)(de)(de)直管熒(ying)光(guang)燈為例。如果選用高效的(de)(de)(de)T8三基色熒(ying)光(guang)燈(36W)和T8鹵(lu)粉(fen)熒(ying)光(guang)燈相比,同(tong)為冷(leng)色溫時,前(qian)者可(ke)提高光(guang)效30%;相同(tong)照(zhao)度時,前(qian)者的(de)(de)(de)安裝(zhuang)功(gong)率(lv)降(jiang)低(di)23%(當然,如果T8三基色熒(ying)光(guang)燈管和過去的(de)(de)(de)T12鹵(lu)粉(fen)燈管相比,可(ke)降(jiang)低(di)約32%)。