一、功率表是串聯還是并聯
功率表的電流回路是(shi)串聯,電壓(ya)回路是(shi)并聯。電壓(ya)與電流做乘積運算,得出功率值(zhi)。
高(gao)壓大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)氣回(hui)(hui)路(lu)的(de)功(gong)率(lv)(lv)表,需通(tong)過電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)互感(gan)(gan)器和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓互感(gan)(gan)器接入。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)互感(gan)(gan)器CT接到功(gong)率(lv)(lv)表的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)回(hui)(hui)路(lu),電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓互感(gan)(gan)器接入功(gong)率(lv)(lv)表的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓回(hui)(hui)路(lu)。交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)算功(gong)率(lv)(lv)時(shi),還有功(gong)率(lv)(lv)因(yin)數(shu)參與運算,所以還有有功(gong)率(lv)(lv)因(yin)數(shu)計算。
二、功率表的讀數方法
一般安裝式(shi)(shi)功(gong)率(lv)表為(wei)(wei)(wei)直(zhi)讀(du)單量(liang)(liang)(liang)程(cheng)式(shi)(shi),表上(shang)的示(shi)(shi)數(shu)(shu)即為(wei)(wei)(wei)功(gong)率(lv)數(shu)(shu)。但便攜(xie)式(shi)(shi)功(gong)率(lv)表一般為(wei)(wei)(wei)多(duo)量(liang)(liang)(liang)程(cheng)式(shi)(shi),在(zai)表的標度尺上(shang)不直(zhi)接標注示(shi)(shi)數(shu)(shu),只(zhi)標注分格(ge)(ge)。在(zai)選用不同的電流(liu)與電壓(ya)量(liang)(liang)(liang)程(cheng)時,每一分格(ge)(ge)都可(ke)以(yi)表示(shi)(shi)不同的功(gong)率(lv)數(shu)(shu)。在(zai)讀(du)數(shu)(shu)時,應先根(gen)據所選的電壓(ya)量(liang)(liang)(liang)程(cheng)U、電流(liu)量(liang)(liang)(liang)程(cheng)I以(yi)及標度尺滿量(liang)(liang)(liang)程(cheng)時的格(ge)(ge)數(shu)(shu)&,求出每格(ge)(ge)瓦數(shu)(shu)(又稱功(gong)率(lv)表常數(shu)(shu))C,然后再乘上(shang)指針偏轉的格(ge)(ge)數(shu)(shu)夕,就可(ke)得到所測功(gong)率(lv)P。
例:有一只電壓量程為(wei)250V,電流量程為(wei)3A,標度尺(chi)分格(ge)數為(wei)75的(de)功(gong)率表,現(xian)用(yong)它(ta)來測量負(fu)載(zai)(zai)的(de)功(gong)率。當(dang)指針偏轉50格(ge)時負(fu)載(zai)(zai)功(gong)率為(wei)多少?
解:先計算功(gong)率表(biao)常(chang)數C
C=UI/a,=250V×3A/75格(ge)=10W/格(ge)
故被測功率為:
P=C色=10W/格×50格=500W
三、功率表的讀數是誰的功率
在三相電路中,功率表測的(de)是有功(gong)功(gong)率(lv),是兩(liang)瓦計法測量三相功(gong)率(lv)。
三相三線制中,兩瓦計法利用基爾(er)霍夫電流定律,兩只瓦表的讀數(shu)之和等于三相總功率(lv)。
在(zai)交(jiao)流電路中(zhong),有功功率是指一(yi)個周期內發出或(huo)負載消(xiao)耗的(de)(de)瞬時(shi)功率的(de)(de)積(ji)分的(de)(de)平(ping)均(jun)值(或(huo)負載電阻所消(xiao)耗的(de)(de)功率),因此,也稱平(ping)均(jun)功率。
對于單(dan)相正弦交流電而言,其(qi)瞬時功率是變化的(de),因此,對于單(dan)相電機,其(qi)輸出轉矩有(you)脈動。
對于(yu)三(san)相電機(ji),其三(san)相電的瞬(shun)時功(gong)率(lv)之和卻是恒(heng)定值,因此,對于(yu)三(san)相電機(ji),其輸出轉矩無脈動。