【大芯板選購】如何選購大芯板 教你(ni)分辨(bian)大芯板質量好壞
大芯板又稱細木工板,是家庭裝修的(de)主要(yao)材料之(zhi)一(yi)。它(ta)的(de)芯用天然木條拼接而成(cheng),上下分別(bie)貼有一(yi)層木表皮。消費者一(yi)般只(zhi)能看到(dao)大芯板的(de)外表,也(ye)許覺得(de)無論是品牌(pai)還是雜牌(pai)的(de)大芯板從表面上看差別(bie)不(bu)大。那么,如何(he)甄別(bie)大芯板質(zhi)量的(de)好壞? 其實并不(bu)難,只(zhi)要(yao)掌握(wo)大芯板的(de)四個特(te)性(xing)——平(ping)整(zheng)性(xing)、勻稱性(xing)、穩定性(xing)和(he)環保性(xing),便可(ke)以助你(ni)買到(dao)優質(zhi)的(de)板材。
1.平整性:外表要平整光滑
大芯板(ban)(ban)的質量是(shi)(shi)否合格,最直觀(guan)的檢(jian)查方法是(shi)(shi)看其外(wai)觀(guan)。大芯板(ban)(ban)的最外(wai)層是(shi)(shi)單板(ban)(ban),優(you)質的單板(ban)(ban)厚(hou)度(du)在0.35毫米以上。一般正規廠家生產的單板(ban)(ban)經過(guo)雙面(mian)(mian)砂光處理,外(wai)觀(guan)平(ping)整,板(ban)(ban)面(mian)(mian)光滑,表(biao)面(mian)(mian)也(ye)沒有明顯的色差。而劣質的大芯板(ban)(ban)由于(yu)生產工(gong)藝不(bu)過(guo)關(guan),表(biao)面(mian)(mian)往往做工(gong)粗糙,有毛刺、凹凸不(bu)平(ping)等情況。
提(ti)醒:檢查平整(zheng)性(xing)時(shi),消費者要(yao)用手去觸摸,光滑感越(yue)強,說明板材表面處理越(yue)到位。
2.勻稱性:芯板木條拼接要勻稱
大芯(xin)(xin)(xin)板(ban)(ban)(ban)是(shi)否牢固耐用,關鍵在第三層芯(xin)(xin)(xin)板(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)用材(cai)及工藝。選購時,從側(ce)面觀(guan)察大芯(xin)(xin)(xin)板(ban)(ban)(ban)構(gou)造也非常重要。拿到一塊大芯(xin)(xin)(xin)板(ban)(ban)(ban),要仔(zi)細觀(guan)察其側(ce)面結(jie)構(gou),特別(bie)是(shi)板(ban)(ban)(ban)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)組(zu)合木(mu)條。市面上大芯(xin)(xin)(xin)板(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)板(ban)(ban)(ban)木(mu)條多為杉木(mu),正規(gui)廠家生產的(de)板(ban)(ban)(ban)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)板(ban)(ban)(ban)木(mu)條比例(li)均勻,單(dan)片寬度(du)在5厘米左右。消(xiao)費者選購時,除了檢(jian)查芯(xin)(xin)(xin)板(ban)(ban)(ban)木(mu)條的(de)寬度(du),還要檢(jian)查兩塊芯(xin)(xin)(xin)板(ban)(ban)(ban)木(mu)條是(shi)否拼接(jie)緊密,有沒有明顯的(de)縫隙。
劣質的(de)大(da)(da)芯板(ban)木條拼接不緊密,縫(feng)(feng)隙明顯。有(you)(you)的(de)廠家為了掩蓋這一(yi)缺陷(xian),用膩(ni)(ni)子(zi)、石膏粉(fen)等材料填(tian)充在木條的(de)縫(feng)(feng)隙。消費者可(ke)查看大(da)(da)芯板(ban)側(ce)邊,若看到有(you)(you)補膠、補膩(ni)(ni)子(zi)現象,說(shuo)明其內(nei)部(bu)可(ke)能(neng)有(you)(you)縫(feng)(feng)隙或空洞。
提醒:如果商家允許(xu),消費者可鋸下大(da)芯板的(de)(de)一(yi)角(jiao),觀察其內(nei)部木(mu)芯的(de)(de)結構(gou)。中(zhong)間拼(pin)接(jie)的(de)(de)小木(mu)條(tiao)不能使用有(you)樹(shu)皮、蛀孔和死結的(de)(de)木(mu)材。質量較好的(de)(de)大(da)芯板,木(mu)條(tiao)之間的(de)(de)銜接(jie)很密實(shi)。
3.穩定性:中板越厚板材越穩定
大(da)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)板(ban)(ban)由(you)內到(dao)外可分為芯(xin)(xin)(xin)板(ban)(ban)、中板(ban)(ban)和面板(ban)(ban)三層。大(da)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)板(ban)(ban)的第二層面板(ban)(ban)通常稱為中板(ban)(ban),主要起到(dao)穩(wen)定芯(xin)(xin)(xin)板(ban)(ban)木條(tiao)的作(zuo)用(yong),所以中板(ban)(ban)越(yue)厚(hou),大(da)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)板(ban)(ban)的穩(wen)定性越(yue)好。上(shang)方(fang)板(ban)(ban)材的中板(ban)(ban)較(jiao)薄,容易造成大(da)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)板(ban)(ban)抗彎曲(qu)度不足,下(xia)方(fang)板(ban)(ban)材的中板(ban)(ban)厚(hou)度合適。
由于大芯板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)屬于多層結構,每層材(cai)(cai)料的(de)質(zhi)量(liang)高低都(dou)會影響總體質(zhi)量(liang)。一(yi)些小廠家生產(chan)的(de)大芯板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)為了節(jie)省(sheng)成(cheng)本,使用(yong)的(de)中(zhong)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)很薄,造(zao)成(cheng)大芯板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)抗彎曲(qu)度(du)不足。如果用(yong)力(li)彎折,此類(lei)大芯板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)容易從兩片(pian)芯板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)木條的(de)縫隙處裂開。此外,很多商家銷售板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)材(cai)(cai)時都(dou)是疊(die)加堆放,消費者挑(tiao)選(xuan)大芯板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)時,可以先看這(zhe)疊(die)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)材(cai)(cai)中(zhong)每塊(kuai)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)材(cai)(cai)的(de)側(ce)面(mian),觀察其中(zhong)板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)厚(hou)度(du)是否一(yi)致(zhi)。若厚(hou)度(du)基本一(yi)致(zhi),說明板(ban)(ban)(ban)(ban)材(cai)(cai)加工工藝水準較高,質(zhi)量(liang)也有保障。
提醒:鑒別大芯板(ban)的質量,還(huan)可以敲擊板(ban)材(cai)表面,聽一聽聲音(yin)的差異(yi),如(ru)果聲音(yin)有(you)變(bian)化,說(shuo)明板(ban)材(cai)內部存在(zai)空洞。這樣(yang)的板(ban)材(cai)整體強(qiang)度較(jiao)弱,長期受力不均(jun)會使板(ban)材(cai)結構發生扭曲、變(bian)形,影響外觀(guan)及使用。
4.環保性:環保板材看等級
大芯板在芯板木條拼接以及板芯與表面單板膠合時都要使用膠水,這樣或多或少釋放游離甲醛。當游離甲醛含量超過一定范圍時,會影響人體健康。因此,環保細木工板與劣質細木工板的主要區別在于膠水的(de)(de)好壞。專(zhuan)家表(biao)示,由于消費(fei)者無(wu)法現場驗證大(da)(da)芯板(ban)(ban)(ban)的(de)(de)甲醛(quan)(quan)釋放(fang)量是否(fou)超標,所(suo)以(yi)可以(yi)聞(wen)一聞(wen)板(ban)(ban)(ban)材的(de)(de)氣(qi)味(wei)(wei),對大(da)(da)芯板(ban)(ban)(ban)環保性進(jin)行(xing)初(chu)步判斷。若(ruo)使用的(de)(de)膠水是環保膠,大(da)(da)芯板(ban)(ban)(ban)只有干燥的(de)(de)木板(ban)(ban)(ban)味(wei)(wei),聞(wen)不(bu)到(dao)刺鼻(bi)的(de)(de)甲醛(quan)(quan)味(wei)(wei)道(dao)。如果(guo)大(da)(da)芯板(ban)(ban)(ban)散發出刺鼻(bi)氣(qi)味(wei)(wei),說明甲醛(quan)(quan)釋放(fang)量較高。此(ci)外,消費(fei)者不(bu)能只關注(zhu)商家提供的(de)(de)大(da)(da)芯板(ban)(ban)(ban)樣品,還要聞(wen)一聞(wen)堆放(fang)在賣(mai)場里(li)的(de)(de)其(qi)他板(ban)(ban)(ban)材。因為樣品可能由于長時間存(cun)放(fang),異味(wei)(wei)已經散發殆盡,所(suo)以(yi)消費(fei)者應該靠近成堆擺(bai)放(fang)特別是壓在中間的(de)(de)大(da)(da)芯板(ban)(ban)(ban)聞(wen)一聞(wen),是否(fou)有刺鼻(bi)的(de)(de)氣(qi)味(wei)(wei)。
提醒:驗(yan)證大(da)(da)芯(xin)板(ban)是(shi)否(fou)環(huan)保(bao),還可查看其板(ban)身或檢測報(bao)告(gao)上的環(huan)保(bao)等級(ji)。大(da)(da)芯(xin)板(ban)根據環(huan)保(bao)標(biao)準(zhun)分為E0級(ji)、E1級(ji)、E2級(ji),E0級(ji)大(da)(da)芯(xin)板(ban)的甲醛(quan)釋放(fang)量≤0.5毫克(ke)/升(sheng),E1級(ji)甲醛(quan)釋放(fang)量≤1.5毫克(ke)/升(sheng),E2級(ji)甲醛(quan)釋放(fang)量≤5毫克(ke)/升(sheng)。其中,E2級(ji)大(da)(da)芯(xin)板(ban)的環(huan)保(bao)性能較差,不能直(zhi)接用于室(shi)內裝修。消費者選購時要注意區分。