一、中央空調工作原理介紹

中央(yang)空(kong)(kong)調(diao)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)由一個(ge)(ge)或多(duo)個(ge)(ge)冷(leng)熱(re)源系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)和(he)多(duo)個(ge)(ge)空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)調(diao)節(jie)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)組(zu)成(cheng)，該(gai)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)不(bu)同于傳統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)冷(leng)劑式空(kong)(kong)調(diao)，(如單體機，VRV) 集中處理(li)空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)以達到舒(shu)適要(yao)求。采用(yong)液體氣(qi)化制冷(leng)的原理(li)為(wei)(wei)空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)調(diao)節(jie)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)提(ti)供所需冷(leng)量，用(yong)以抵(di)消(xiao)室內(nei)環境的冷(leng)負(fu)荷；制熱(re)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)為(wei)(wei)空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)調(diao)節(jie)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)提(ti)供所需熱(re)量，用(yong)以抵(di)消(xiao)室內(nei)環境熱(re)負(fu)荷。

制(zhi)冷系(xi)統(tong)是中央空調系(xi)統(tong)至(zhi)關重要(yao)的部分，其采用種類(lei)、運行(xing)方式、結構形式等直接影響了中央空調系(xi)統(tong)在運行(xing)中的經濟性(xing)、高效性(xing)、合(he)理性(xing)。

空調制冷原理

中央(yang)空(kong)調(diao)制(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)時，空(kong)調(diao)系統(tong)內(nei)(nei)置一種(zhong)吸(xi)熱介質--制(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)劑(ji)（冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)媒），制(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)劑(ji)通過(guo)膨脹閥節流后(hou)經室(shi)(shi)(shi)內(nei)(nei)機(ji)（蒸發(fa)器）內(nei)(nei)部(bu)蒸發(fa)氣(qi)化(hua)，室(shi)(shi)(shi)內(nei)(nei)機(ji)風(feng)扇將冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)風(feng)吹(chui)向(xiang)室(shi)(shi)(shi)內(nei)(nei)，吸(xi)收室(shi)(shi)(shi)內(nei)(nei)空(kong)氣(qi)中的(de)(de)(de)熱能，制(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)劑(ji)通過(guo)管道回(hui)到壓(ya)(ya)(ya)縮機(ji)吸(xi)氣(qi)端，通過(guo)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)縮機(ji)的(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)縮，提(ti)高了冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)媒的(de)(de)(de)溫度，在通過(guo)室(shi)(shi)(shi)外機(ji)（冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)凝器）使制(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)劑(ji)從汽化(hua)狀(zhuang)態轉(zhuan)換(huan)為液化(hua)狀(zhuang)態，在轉(zhuan)換(huan)過(guo)程中，釋放出大量的(de)(de)(de)熱量，通過(guo)室(shi)(shi)(shi)外機(ji)風(feng)扇將熱量排(pai)出，通過(guo)周(zhou)而復始的(de)(de)(de)循(xun)環，達(da)到制(zhi)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)的(de)(de)(de)目(mu)的(de)(de)(de)。

空調制熱原理

中央空(kong)(kong)調制熱(re)時，系統通(tong)過(guo)(guo)電動四(si)通(tong)閥的(de)轉(zhuan)換，將經(jing)(jing)過(guo)(guo)壓縮機(ji)(ji)壓縮的(de)高溫高壓液體(ti)(ti)直接(jie)進入室(shi)(shi)內(nei)機(ji)(ji)冷(leng)凝器(qi)(qi)（室(shi)(shi)內(nei)機(ji)(ji)由(you)制冷(leng)轉(zhuan)為(wei)制熱(re)，功能由(you)蒸發(fa)器(qi)(qi)轉(zhuan)為(wei)冷(leng)凝器(qi)(qi)）、釋放出大量的(de)熱(re)量由(you)風(feng)(feng)扇排(pai)放到(dao)室(shi)(shi)內(nei)，吸(xi)收(shou)室(shi)(shi)內(nei)的(de)冷(leng)空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)；系統制冷(leng)劑(ji)經(jing)(jing)膨脹閥節流后通(tong)過(guo)(guo)室(shi)(shi)外機(ji)(ji)蒸發(fa)器(qi)(qi)由(you)液體(ti)(ti)轉(zhuan)換為(wei)氣(qi)體(ti)(ti)，將在室(shi)(shi)內(nei)機(ji)(ji)吸(xi)收(shou)的(de)冷(leng)空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)經(jing)(jing)室(shi)(shi)外機(ji)(ji)蒸發(fa)器(qi)(qi)和風(feng)(feng)扇將冷(leng)空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)排(pai)到(dao)室(shi)(shi)外，制冷(leng)劑(ji)通(tong)過(guo)(guo)管道回到(dao)壓縮機(ji)(ji)吸(xi)氣(qi)端。通(tong)過(guo)(guo)周而復始的(de)循環，達到(dao)制熱(re)的(de)目的(de)。

二、不同系統的工作原理

水系統

水冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)中央空調包含四(si)(si)大部件，壓(ya)縮(suo)機(ji)、冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)凝(ning)(ning)器(qi)、節流(liu)裝置、蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)發器(qi)，制冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)劑依次(ci)在上述四(si)(si)大部件循(xun)環，壓(ya)縮(suo)機(ji)出來的(de)冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)媒(mei)（制冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)劑）高溫(wen)(wen)高壓(ya)的(de)氣體，流(liu)經冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)凝(ning)(ning)器(qi)，降(jiang)溫(wen)(wen)降(jiang)壓(ya)，冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)凝(ning)(ning)器(qi)通過冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)水系統將熱量(liang)帶到冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)卻(que)塔排出，冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)媒(mei)繼續流(liu)動經過節流(liu)裝置，成低(di)溫(wen)(wen)低(di)壓(ya)液體，流(liu)經蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)發器(qi)，吸(xi)熱，再經壓(ya)縮(suo)。在蒸(zheng)(zheng)(zheng)發器(qi)的(de)兩端接有冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)凍(dong)水循(xun)環系統，制冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)劑在此次(ci)吸(xi)的(de)熱量(liang)將冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)凍(dong)水溫(wen)(wen)度(du)降(jiang)低(di)，使低(di)溫(wen)(wen)的(de)水流(liu)到用(yong)戶端，再經過風(feng)機(ji)盤(pan)管進行熱交換，將冷(leng)(leng)(leng)(leng)風(feng)吹出。

風系統

新(xin)風(feng)(feng)的(de)(de)(de)傳輸方式(shi)采用置換式(shi)，而(er)非空調氣體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)內(nei)(nei)循(xun)環原(yuan)理和新(xin)舊(jiu)氣體(ti)(ti)混合的(de)(de)(de)不健康做法，戶外的(de)(de)(de)新(xin)穎空氣經過(guo)負(fu)壓方式(shi)會(hui)自(zi)動吸入室(shi)(shi)內(nei)(nei)，經過(guo)安裝在臥室(shi)(shi)、室(shi)(shi)廳或(huo)起居室(shi)(shi)窗戶上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)新(xin)風(feng)(feng)口(kou)(kou)進入室(shi)(shi)內(nei)(nei)時(shi)，會(hui)自(zi)動除塵和過(guo)濾。同時(shi)，再由對(dui)應的(de)(de)(de)室(shi)(shi)內(nei)(nei)管路與數(shu)個功用房(fang)間(jian)內(nei)(nei)的(de)(de)(de)排風(feng)(feng)口(kou)(kou)相連，構成的(de)(de)(de)循(xun)環系(xi)統將帶走室(shi)(shi)內(nei)(nei)廢氣，集中在排風(feng)(feng)口(kou)(kou)“呼出”，而(er)排出的(de)(de)(de)廢氣不再做循(xun)環運用，新(xin)舊(jiu)風(feng)(feng)形良好的(de)(de)(de)循(xun)環。

盤管系統

風(feng)(feng)機盤(pan)管(guan)空(kong)(kong)調(diao)系(xi)統的(de)(de)工(gong)作(zuo)原理，就是借助風(feng)(feng)機盤(pan)管(guan)機組不斷地循(xun)環室內空(kong)(kong)氣，使之(zhi)通過盤(pan)管(guan)而(er)被冷(leng)卻(que)或(huo)加熱，以保持房間要求的(de)(de)溫(wen)度和(he)一定的(de)(de)相對濕度。盤(pan)管(guan)使用的(de)(de)冷(leng)水(shui)或(huo)熱水(shui)，由集中(zhong)冷(leng)源(yuan)和(he)熱源(yuan)供應。與此同時，由新風(feng)(feng)空(kong)(kong)調(diao)機房集中(zhong)處理后(hou)的(de)(de)新風(feng)(feng)，通過專門的(de)(de)新風(feng)(feng)管(guan)道分別送(song)入各空(kong)(kong)調(diao)房間，以滿足空(kong)(kong)調(diao)房間的(de)(de)衛生要求。

風(feng)機(ji)盤管空(kong)調(diao)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)與集(ji)中式系(xi)統(tong)(tong)相(xiang)比，沒(mei)有(you)大風(feng)道，只有(you)水管和較小(xiao)的新風(feng)管，具有(you)布(bu)置和安(an)裝方便、占用(yong)建筑空(kong)間小(xiao)、單獨(du)調(diao)節好等優點，廣(guang)泛用(yong)于溫、濕度(du)(du)精度(du)(du)要(yao)求不(bu)高、房間數(shu)多、房間較小(xiao)、需(xu)要(yao)單獨(du)控(kong)制的舒適性(xing)空(kong)調(diao)中。