一、鎳氫電池、鋰離子電池、鎳鎘電池各是什么

1、鎳氫電池

鎳(nie)(nie)氫電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)是(shi)由氫離(li)子和金屬鎳(nie)(nie)合(he)成，電(dian)(dian)(dian)量儲備比(bi)(bi)鎳(nie)(nie)鎘(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)多30%，比(bi)(bi)鎳(nie)(nie)鎘(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)更輕，使用壽命也更長(chang)，并且對(dui)環境(jing)無污染，無記憶效應(ying)。鎳(nie)(nie)氫電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的缺點是(shi)價格比(bi)(bi) 鎳(nie)(nie)鎘(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)要貴好多，性能比(bi)(bi)鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)要差(cha)。

2、鋰離子電池

以(yi)鋰離(li)子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)為材料的一種高能(neng)(neng)(neng)量(liang)(liang)(liang)密度電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)。鋰離(li)子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)還(huan)是一種智能(neng)(neng)(neng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)，它(ta)可以(yi)與(yu)專用原裝智能(neng)(neng)(neng)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)配合，達(da)到最短的充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間(jian)、最大的壽命周期及最大的容量(liang)(liang)(liang)。鋰離(li)子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)是目前性(xing)能(neng)(neng)(neng)最好的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)。與(yu)同(tong)樣大小的鎳鎘(ge)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)、鎳氫電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)相比，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)(liang)儲(chu)備(bei)最大，重量(liang)(liang)(liang)最輕(qing)、壽命最長、充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)間(jian)最短，無記憶(yi)效應。

3、鎳鎘電池

鎳(nie)鎘電池NiCd電池正極板上的活性物質由氧化(hua)鎳(nie)粉和石墨(mo)粉組(zu)成，石墨(mo)不參加化(hua)學反(fan)應，其(qi)主要作用是增(zeng)強導電性。

負極板(ban)上的(de)活性(xing)(xing)物(wu)質由(you)氧化(hua)鎘粉(fen)和氧化(hua)鐵粉(fen)組成，氧化(hua)鐵粉(fen)的(de)作(zuo)用(yong)是(shi)使(shi)氧化(hua)鎘粉(fen)有(you)較高的(de)擴散性(xing)(xing)，防止結塊，并(bing)增加(jia)極板(ban)的(de)容(rong)量。活性(xing)(xing)物(wu)質分別包在穿(chuan)孔鋼帶(dai)中，加(jia)壓成型后即成為電池的(de)正負極板(ban)。極板(ban)間(jian)用(yong)耐堿(jian)的(de)硬(ying)橡膠絕緣棍或有(you)孔的(de)聚氯(lv)乙烯(xi)瓦楞板(ban)隔開。

電(dian)(dian)(dian)解(jie)液通常(chang)用(yong)(yong)氫氧化(hua)鉀溶液。與其它電(dian)(dian)(dian)池相比，NiCd電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)自放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)率（即電(dian)(dian)(dian)池不使用(yong)(yong)時失去(qu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)荷的(de)速率）適中。NiCd電(dian)(dian)(dian)池在使用(yong)(yong)過程(cheng)中，如果放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)不完全就又充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，下次再放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時，就不能(neng)放(fang)出全部電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)。比如，放(fang)出80%電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)后再充(chong)足(zu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，該(gai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池只能(neng)放(fang)出80%的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)(liang)。這就是所謂的(de)記憶(yi)效應。

當然，幾次完整的(de)放電(dian)(dian)/充電(dian)(dian)循環將使NiCd電(dian)(dian)池(chi)恢復正常工(gong)作(zuo)。由于(yu)NiCd電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)記憶效(xiao)應，若未完全放電(dian)(dian)，應在充電(dian)(dian)前將每節電(dian)(dian)池(chi)放電(dian)(dian)至1V以(yi)下。

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二、鎳氫電池和鋰電池的區別

1、體積

可充電鋰電池由于它較普通鎳鎘/鎳氫電(dian)池具有體(ti)積小（相對）、重量輕、自放電率低、無記憶效應的優點，廣泛的被使用在很多新型移動設備中。我們平常使用的移動電話、筆記本電腦、PDA等移動設(she)備的電(dian)池(chi)已逐(zhu)步為鋰電(dian)池(chi)所替代。鎳(nie)氫電(dian)池(chi)的記憶(yi)效應不是(shi)(shi)很明顯，有一點，要(yao)急用(yong)時，不一定(ding)要(yao)放光(guang)電(dian)后(hou)(hou)再充，平(ping)時使用(yong)是(shi)(shi)最好是(shi)(shi)放光(guang)后(hou)(hou)再充足。

2、電量

鋰電池的比能量大，電池小巧；單個鋰電池的電壓是鎳氫電池的3倍；沒有記憶效應，可隨用隨充。但也不能用一下就充，這樣充放電次數過多，就影響到電池的壽命。鋰電池不宜長期貯存，時間久了會永久失去部分容量。最好是充電40%后，放在冰箱(xiang)的冷藏(zang)箱(xiang)內(nei)保(bao)存。

3、充電方法

鋰電池的充電要求與鎳鎘/鎳氫(qing)電池不同(tong)，可充電的鋰電池單體(ti)電壓為3.6V（有的電池塊可能會標稱3.7V）。隨著電量的充滿，鋰電池電壓會慢慢升高，這也是判斷鋰電池是否充滿的標志，一般制造廠商推薦中止充電電壓為4.2V（單節鋰電電池的情況）。對鋰電池的充電一般采用限壓限流法，如果有朋友想要獨立對鋰電池充電，需要注意它的充電方法與鎳鎘/鎳(nie)氫電(dian)池所采用(yong)的恒(heng)流充電(dian)法(fa)不(bu)同，不(bu)能使用(yong)普(pu)通充鎳(nie)鎘/鎳氫(qing)電(dian)池的(de)充電(dian)器。

三、鎳鎘電池和鋰電池哪個好

鎳(nie)鎘電池的優點是放電電流(liu)大(da)，而后期(qi)推(tui)出的鎳(nie)氫電池比(bi)較其電池容量沒鎳(nie)氫電池大(da)。兩款都是過去常用于(yu)7號(hao)/5號電池的(de)1.25V電(dian)壓電(dian)池(chi)(chi)。而現在新(xin)推(tui)出的鋰電(dian)池(chi)(chi)做(zuo)成了7號/5號電池，使用usb口充電(dian)，由于鋰電(dian)池的活性在3.7V附件(jian)，要釋放1.5V/1.25V的(de)話需(xu)要降壓過(guo)程，這樣就考驗電(dian)(dian)路是否能適應大(da)電(dian)(dian)流了，而鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)池的(de)電(dian)(dian)密(mi)度比較高，所(suo)以(yi)容(rong)量是比上述兩種(zhong)要高的(de)。

如果電池的電路做的好，鋰電池比前者好。