一、大提琴有幾根弦

大提琴有四根弦。

第一(yi)根(gen)弦(xian)(xian)為(wei)A弦(xian)(xian)，為(wei)最(zui)細，發音華麗有力(li)，富于歌唱性；第二(er)根(gen)弦(xian)(xian)為(wei)D弦(xian)(xian)，音色(se)較朦朧；第三(san)根(gen)弦(xian)(xian)為(wei)G弦(xian)(xian)，低沉(chen)響亮，能夠承受(shou)樂隊(dui)沉(chen)重(zhong)的音響；第四根(gen)弦(xian)(xian)為(wei)C弦(xian)(xian)，為(wei)最(zui)粗，更(geng)加(jia)低沉(chen)響亮，能夠承受(shou)樂隊(dui)非常沉(chen)重(zhong)的音響。

如果是(shi)低音(yin)提琴，四根弦(xian)(xian)分別是(shi)E、A、D、G，為了避(bi)免在低音(yin)譜表上(shang)過多地加線，其音(yin)響比實際記譜低一個(ge)八度，有時加入第五根弦(xian)(xian)，定音(yin)為C。或在樂器的(de)頸部加入一個(ge)機械裝置，加長E弦(xian)(xian)，使其可以演奏下(xia)面的(de)C音(yin)。

二、大提琴如何裝弦定弦

1、大(da)提琴每根弦(xian)(xian)(xian)應(ying)裝在規定(ding)的弦(xian)(xian)(xian)軸上，琴弦(xian)(xian)(xian)要按(an)順序繞(rao)好。弦(xian)(xian)(xian)盡可能裝直，這樣弦(xian)(xian)(xian)不易松。切忌歪斜交錯，使弦(xian)(xian)(xian)互相牽制(zhi)撥(bo)調弦(xian)(xian)(xian)，弦(xian)(xian)(xian)穿入軸孔后，扭動(dong)方向是由里向外，注意不要反扭。

2、為使調(diao)弦(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)便利(li)，大(da)提琴裝弦(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)時就(jiu)應調(diao)整(zheng)好弦(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)軸的方向、位置。定(ding)弦(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)時，一般先(xian)定(ding)準(zhun)大(da)提琴A弦(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的音高(gao)，然后根據A弦(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)的音高(gao)分(fen)別定(ding)D、E、G弦(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。有時幾根弦(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)動(dong)過以(yi)后，A弦(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)音高(gao)會偏(pian)低，故需反(fan)復校對。

3、初學為大提琴定(ding)弦(xian)時(shi)，可先聽單音，待音高基(ji)本定(ding)準(zhun)后，再同時(shi)拉兩根弦(xian)，并略微調整，直到音響完全諧和為止(zhi)。

4、大(da)提琴弦軸受氣(qi)候變(bian)化的影響會變(bian)緊變(bian)松，使調弦不便。太緊時可用(yong)鉛筆芯涂軸，太松時涂點(dian)松香(xiang)。