一、大提琴有幾根弦
大提琴有四根弦。
第(di)一(yi)根(gen)(gen)弦為(wei)(wei)A弦,為(wei)(wei)最(zui)(zui)細,發音華麗有力(li),富于歌唱性;第(di)二根(gen)(gen)弦為(wei)(wei)D弦,音色較朦朧(long);第(di)三根(gen)(gen)弦為(wei)(wei)G弦,低(di)(di)沉(chen)響(xiang)(xiang)亮,能夠承(cheng)受樂隊沉(chen)重的(de)音響(xiang)(xiang);第(di)四根(gen)(gen)弦為(wei)(wei)C弦,為(wei)(wei)最(zui)(zui)粗,更加低(di)(di)沉(chen)響(xiang)(xiang)亮,能夠承(cheng)受樂隊非常沉(chen)重的(de)音響(xiang)(xiang)。
如果是低(di)音提琴,四根(gen)(gen)弦分別是E、A、D、G,為(wei)了(le)避免在(zai)低(di)音譜(pu)表上過多地加(jia)(jia)線,其音響比實際(ji)記譜(pu)低(di)一個(ge)八度,有(you)時加(jia)(jia)入第(di)五根(gen)(gen)弦,定(ding)音為(wei)C。或(huo)在(zai)樂器的頸部(bu)加(jia)(jia)入一個(ge)機(ji)械(xie)裝(zhuang)置,加(jia)(jia)長E弦,使其可以演奏下(xia)面(mian)的C音。
二、大提琴如何裝弦定弦
1、大(da)提琴(qin)每(mei)根弦(xian)(xian)(xian)應裝在規定的弦(xian)(xian)(xian)軸(zhou)上,琴(qin)弦(xian)(xian)(xian)要按順序繞好。弦(xian)(xian)(xian)盡可能(neng)裝直,這樣弦(xian)(xian)(xian)不易松(song)。切忌歪斜交錯,使(shi)弦(xian)(xian)(xian)互相牽制撥調(diao)弦(xian)(xian)(xian),弦(xian)(xian)(xian)穿入軸(zhou)孔后(hou),扭(niu)動(dong)方向是(shi)由里(li)向外,注意不要反扭(niu)。
2、為使調弦(xian)(xian)(xian)便利,大提琴(qin)裝弦(xian)(xian)(xian)時就(jiu)應調整好(hao)弦(xian)(xian)(xian)軸的(de)方向、位置。定(ding)弦(xian)(xian)(xian)時,一般先定(ding)準大提琴(qin)A弦(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)音(yin)高(gao),然后根據A弦(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)音(yin)高(gao)分別定(ding)D、E、G弦(xian)(xian)(xian)。有時幾根弦(xian)(xian)(xian)動過以(yi)后,A弦(xian)(xian)(xian)音(yin)高(gao)會偏低,故需反復校對(dui)。
3、初學為大提琴定弦時,可先聽單(dan)音(yin),待(dai)音(yin)高基本定準后,再(zai)同(tong)時拉兩根弦,并略(lve)微調整,直到音(yin)響完全(quan)諧和(he)為(wei)止。
4、大提琴弦軸(zhou)受氣候變(bian)化的影響會(hui)變(bian)緊(jin)(jin)變(bian)松,使(shi)調弦不便。太緊(jin)(jin)時可用(yong)鉛筆芯涂軸(zhou),太松時涂點松香。