針織面料成分是什么
針(zhen)織(zhi)(zhi)面料(liao)(liao)的制(zhi)作成分有很多,常(chang)以(yi)滌綸、錦綸、維綸、氨綸、棉紗(sha)、丙綸、毛(mao)紗(sha)等為原料(liao)(liao),也有用(yong)棉、毛(mao)、絲、麻、化纖及其混紡紗(sha)作為原料(liao)(liao)織(zhi)(zhi)制(zhi)而成。一般有良好的彈(dan)性(xing)和延伸性(xing),織(zhi)(zhi)物柔軟,堅牢耐(nai)皺,毛(mao)型感(gan)較強,且易洗快(kuai)干。不過它的吸濕性(xing)差,織(zhi)(zhi)物不夠挺括,且易于脫散、卷邊,化纖面料(liao)(liao)易于起毛(mao)、起球、鉤絲。
針織面料的種類有哪些
一、按照用途分類
針織面料(liao)(liao)(liao)按(an)照(zhao)用途(tu)可(ke)以分成內衣(yi)面料(liao)(liao)(liao)和外衣(yi)面料(liao)(liao)(liao)兩種(zhong)。內衣(yi)面料(liao)(liao)(liao)其(qi)特點(dian)(dian)為合(he)身(shen)隨體、有彈性(xing)(xing)、舒適、運動方便、柔軟性(xing)(xing)好、吸濕透氣性(xing)(xing)好、防皺性(xing)(xing)能好,但織物容(rong)易脫(tuo)散,尺寸穩定性(xing)(xing)差,容(rong)易勾絲、起(qi)(qi)毛起(qi)(qi)球。品種(zhong)有緯平針、網眼面料(liao)(liao)(liao)、雙羅紋、單羅紋、起(qi)(qi)絨等。外衣(yi)面料(liao)(liao)(liao)其(qi)特點(dian)(dian)為堅牢耐(nai)磨、縮(suo)水率小、易洗、富有彈性(xing)(xing)。
二、按照制作工藝分類
1、緯編面料
緯編(bian)面料采用平針(zhen)組(zu)織(zhi)(zhi),變化平針(zhen)組(zu)織(zhi)(zhi),羅(luo)紋平針(zhen)組(zu)織(zhi)(zhi),雙(shuang)羅(luo)紋平針(zhen)組(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)、提(ti)花(hua)組(zu)織(zhi)(zhi),毛圈組(zu)織(zhi)(zhi)等(deng),在(zai)各種緯編(bian)機上(shang)編(bian)織(zhi)(zhi)而(er)成(cheng),它最少可(ke)以(yi)用一根(gen)紗線就可(ke)以(yi)形成(cheng),但是為(wei)了提(ti)高(gao)生產(chan)效率,一般采用多根(gen)紗線進(jin)行(xing)編(bian)織(zhi)(zhi)。
2、經編面料
經編面(mian)料(liao)用一(yi)根紗線是無(wu)法形(xing)成的(de)織(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)的(de),它需要用多(duo)根紗線同時沿布面(mian)的(de)縱向順序成圈(quan),才能(neng)(neng)制成,這是因為一(yi)根紗線只能(neng)(neng)形(xing)成一(yi)根線圈(quan)構(gou)成的(de)璉狀物(wu)。經編面(mian)料(liao)具有縱尺(chi)寸穩定性(xing)好(hao)(hao),織(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)挺括,脫散性(xing)小,不會(hui)卷邊,透氣(qi)性(xing)好(hao)(hao)等優點,但(dan)其橫向延伸(shen)、彈性(xing)和(he)柔軟性(xing)不如緯(wei)編針(zhen)織(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)。
三、按照制作材料分類
1、滌綸色織(zhi)針織(zhi)面料
滌(di)綸色(se)(se)(se)織(zhi)針織(zhi)面料是以染色(se)(se)(se)低彈(dan)滌(di)綸絲為(wei)原料,按設計要(yao)求配置好(hao)不同顏色(se)(se)(se),采用提花(hua)組(zu)織(zhi),織(zhi)制成3~6色(se)(se)(se)甚至更多色(se)(se)(se)的花(hua)型圖案。常見花(hua)型有條形(xing)、格形(xing)、花(hua)卉、人物(wu)、動物(wu)、山水、幾何圖案等。織(zhi)物(wu)色(se)(se)(se)澤鮮艷、美觀、配色(se)(se)(se)調和,質(zhi)地緊密厚(hou)實,織(zhi)紋清晰,毛型感強,有類似毛織(zhi)物(wu)花(hua)呢(ni)的風(feng)格。主要(yao)用作男女上裝(zhuang)(zhuang)、套裝(zhuang)(zhuang)、風(feng)衣、背心、裙子(zi)、棉襖面料、童裝(zhuang)(zhuang)等。
2、滌綸針織(zhi)勞(lao)動面料(liao)
滌綸(lun)針織(zhi)勞動面(mian)料(liao)(liao),又(you)稱滌綸(lun)針織(zhi)牛仔(zi)布(bu),是以低彈(dan)(dan)滌綸(lun)絲(si)為原(yuan)料(liao)(liao),其中一(yi)根較粗的(de)(de)染成藏青色(se),一(yi)根較細的(de)(de)為本白絲(si),采用(yong)提花組織(zhi)織(zhi)制,織(zhi)物表面(mian)在藏青色(se)中夾有均(jun)勻(yun)細小的(de)(de)本色(se)色(se)點。這種織(zhi)物緊密(mi)厚實,堅牢耐磨,挺括(kuo)而(er)有彈(dan)(dan)性。若原(yuan)料(liao)(liao)用(yong)含有氨綸(lun)的(de)(de)包芯紗,則可(ke)織(zhi)成彈(dan)(dan)力針織(zhi)牛仔(zi)布(bu),彈(dan)(dan)性更好。主要用(yong)作男女上裝和長褲。
3、滌綸針織(zhi)燈(deng)芯條面料(liao)
滌(di)綸針織(zhi)燈芯條(tiao)(tiao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)料(liao)是(shi)以低彈滌(di)綸絲作(zuo)原料(liao),采用變化雙羅紋組織(zhi)織(zhi)制(zhi)的(de)。在(zai)編(bian)織(zhi)時,每(mei)隔(ge)若干(gan)縱行(xing)線圈抽(chou)去1~2針,從(cong)而(er)使布面(mian)(mian)(mian)呈現闊(kuo)狹(xia)不等(deng)(deng)、凹凸不平(ping)的(de)直向(xiang)條(tiao)(tiao)紋。條(tiao)(tiao)紋的(de)粗細可按要求而(er)定。這種織(zhi)物凹凸分明(ming),手感厚(hou)實(shi)豐滿,彈性(xing)和(he)保暖(nuan)性(xing)良好。主要用作(zuo)男(nan)女上裝(zhuang)、套(tao)裝(zhuang)、風衣、童裝(zhuang)等(deng)(deng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)料(liao)。
4、滌蓋棉針織面(mian)料
滌蓋棉(mian)針織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)面料(liao)是一種雙(shuang)羅紋復合滌棉(mian)交織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物。它采用滌綸紗(sha)織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物正(zheng)面,棉(mian)紗(sha)織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物反(fan)面,通過集圈(quan)將正(zheng)反(fan)面加以連結。織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物經染色(se)后作襯衣、茄克衫、運動服面料(liao)。這(zhe)種面料(liao)挺(ting)括抗皺(zhou),堅牢(lao)耐磨,貼(tie)身一面吸濕透氣,柔(rou)軟舒適。
5、人造毛(mao)皮(pi)針(zhen)織物(wu)
人(ren)造毛皮針織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物常(chang)以棉(mian)紗(sha)、粘(zhan)膠紗(sha)或丙綸(lun)紗(sha)作(zuo)底(di)布用(yong)(yong)紗(sha),以腈綸(lun)或變(bian)性腈綸(lun)作(zuo)絨毛,編織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)時將纖維束與地紗(sha)一起成圈(quan),并使纖維兩端露在(zai)織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物的表(biao)面,在(zai)編織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后于織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物反面涂布粘(zhan)合劑,使織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物定(ding)形,以免掉毛,然后經(jing)梳毛、印花、剪毛等一系列后整理加(jia)工(gong),得(de)到具(ju)有多種外(wai)觀效應的人(ren)造毛皮。這(zhe)種織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物手感(gan)厚實、柔(rou)軟、保暖性好。根據品種不(bu)同,主(zhu)要用(yong)(yong)作(zuo)大衣面料、服(fu)裝襯里、衣領(ling)、帽子等。人(ren)造毛皮也用(yong)(yong)經(jing)編方(fang)法織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制的。
6、天鵝絨針織物
天鵝(e)絨(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)針(zhen)(zhen)織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)是用(yong)(yong)棉(mian)(mian)(mian)紗(sha)(sha)(sha)、滌(di)綸(lun)長(chang)(chang)(chang)絲、錦綸(lun)長(chang)(chang)(chang)絲、滌(di)棉(mian)(mian)(mian)混紡紗(sha)(sha)(sha)等原(yuan)料(liao)作地(di)(di)紗(sha)(sha)(sha),以棉(mian)(mian)(mian)紗(sha)(sha)(sha)、滌(di)綸(lun)長(chang)(chang)(chang)絲或滌(di)綸(lun)變形(xing)絲、滌(di)棉(mian)(mian)(mian)混紡紗(sha)(sha)(sha)作起絨(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)紗(sha)(sha)(sha),采用(yong)(yong)毛(mao)(mao)圈(quan)組織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)在長(chang)(chang)(chang)毛(mao)(mao)絨(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)針(zhen)(zhen)織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)機(ji)上織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)制的地(di)(di)紗(sha)(sha)(sha)形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)地(di)(di)組織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),絨(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)紗(sha)(sha)(sha)形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)毛(mao)(mao)圈(quan),再經(jing)割(ge)圈(quan)而形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)表面的絨(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)毛(mao)(mao),再經(jing)剪、燙毛(mao)(mao)后整理而成(cheng)(cheng)。也(ye)可將起絨(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)紗(sha)(sha)(sha)按襯墊紗(sha)(sha)(sha)編入地(di)(di)組織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),經(jing)割(ge)圈(quan)而成(cheng)(cheng)。這(zhe)種(zhong)織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)的手(shou)感(gan)柔軟,織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)厚實,堅牢耐磨(mo),絨(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)毛(mao)(mao)濃密聳立,色光柔和。主要(yao)用(yong)(yong)作外衣(yi)面料(liao)、衣(yi)領(ling)或帽子用(yong)(yong)料(liao)等。天鵝(e)針(zhen)(zhen)織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)是長(chang)(chang)(chang)毛(mao)(mao)絨(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)針(zhen)(zhen)織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)的一種(zhong)。長(chang)(chang)(chang)毛(mao)(mao)絨(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)針(zhen)(zhen)織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)除用(yong)(yong)緯編方法織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造外,也(ye)可用(yong)(yong)經(jing)編方法織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)造,例(li)如(ru),經(jing)編毛(mao)(mao)圈(quan)剪絨(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)織(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)物(wu)。
7、港型(xing)針織(zhi)呢絨
港型針(zhen)織(zhi)呢(ni)絨是用高級羊絨與滌綸(lun)絲而成(cheng)的(de)緯編針(zhen)織(zhi)呢(ni)絨。它即(ji)有羊絨織(zhi)物的(de)滑(hua)糯、柔軟、膨(peng)松(song)的(de)手感,又有絲織(zhi)物的(de)光澤柔和、懸(xuan)垂性(xing)好、不縮(suo)水、透(tou)氣性(xing)強的(de)特(te)點。主要用作春、秋、冬時裝的(de)面料。
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