活性炭(tan)和(he)(he)普通竹(zhu)炭(tan)有什么區(qu)別 活性炭(tan)和(he)(he)木炭(tan)有什么區(qu)別
活性炭、竹炭、木炭的區別介紹
1、加工工藝不同
竹炭只經(jing)(jing)過(guo)炭化(hua)(hua)階(jie)段,而(er)活性(xing)炭除炭化(hua)(hua)工(gong)藝(yi)外(wai),還要經(jing)(jing)過(guo)活化(hua)(hua)、酸洗和烘干階(jie)段。
2、微觀結構千差萬別
竹炭(tan)(tan)的(de)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)隙直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)要比(bi)活性(xing)炭(tan)(tan)大(da):竹炭(tan)(tan)內部大(da)中(zhong)小(xiao)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)分導(dao)管、維管束,薄壁組織側壁上(shang)的(de)小(xiao)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong),竹炭(tan)(tan)的(de)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)隙以(yi)(yi)大(da)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)為(wei)(wei)主,其直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)以(yi)(yi)200nm(納米(mi)單位(wei),下同(tong))左(zuo)右(you)為(wei)(wei)主;而活性(xing)炭(tan)(tan)以(yi)(yi)微孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)占(zhan)主導(dao)地位(wei),孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)隙直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)大(da)小(xiao)分為(wei)(wei)三(san)類:大(da)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(≥50nm),約占(zhan)總孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)容(rong)積(ji)(ji)的(de)10~30%,微孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(≤2nm)約占(zhan)總孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)容(rong)積(ji)(ji)的(de)60~90%,中(zhong)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)又稱過渡孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(2nm≤φ≤50nm),約占(zhan)總孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)容(rong)積(ji)(ji)的(de)5~7%,孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)隙平(ping)均直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)約為(wei)(wei)1.5nm。有(you)(you)(you)害氣體分子(zi)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)(甲(jia)醛0.44nm、苯0.48nm、氨0.414nm、甲(jia)苯0.58nm、二(er)甲(jia)苯0.60nm、甲(jia)烷0.324nm等(deng))由此(ci)可見,竹炭(tan)(tan)對這(zhe)些(xie)(xie)有(you)(you)(you)害氣體根本不具吸附凈化功能,而活性(xing)炭(tan)(tan)的(de)分子(zi)直(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)徑(jing)確是(shi)跟這(zhe)些(xie)(xie)有(you)(you)(you)害氣體相融合(he)的(de),其吸附性(xing)能和對有(you)(you)(you)害氣體的(de)禁錮性(xing)能都(dou)較好。
3、比表面積大小不一
比表面積是指單位質量所占有表面積的大小。即1克炭的表面積與所有孔隙面積的總和。燒制溫度在500℃以上的竹炭,比表面積在150㎡/g至350m2/g之間;而用物理或化學方法進行活化制成的活性炭,比表面積可達到900m2/g甚至2000m2/g以上。 因(yin)孔(kong)隙(xi)結構越(yue)發達,比表面積越(yue)大,其吸(xi)附功(gong)能(neng)越(yue)強,因(yin)此總體上活(huo)性(xing)(xing)炭(tan)比竹(zhu)炭(tan)的吸(xi)附性(xing)(xing)更強。
4、硬度相差較大
竹炭密度大,硬度高,不易碎,適合做耐磨的家紡用品;而不同材質的活性炭硬度大不一樣,椰殼活性炭(tan)硬度高,而用竹子(zi)生產(chan)活性炭(tan)具有比重輕,細軟,易碎,故不適宜用于耐磨性要求高的產(chan)品。
5、生產成本差異很大
竹炭只(zhi)需一次(ci)炭(tan)化過程(cheng)(cheng),而活性炭(tan)還(huan)需要(yao)一個(ge)活化過程(cheng)(cheng),其(qi)成(cheng)本(ben)比竹(zhu)炭(tan)要(yao)高許多,約為竹(zhu)炭(tan)的3—5倍(bei)。因此(ci)產品(pin)售價也是(shi)竹(zhu)炭(tan)的3-5倍(bei)。
6、原料及其消耗不一樣
活(huo)性炭的原(yuan)料消耗一般比(bi)竹炭高(gao)3-5倍,比(bi)如6t(噸)毛(mao)竹可燒制(zhi)1t竹炭,但(dan)3-5t竹炭才能加工1t竹制(zhi)活(huo)性炭。當然椰殼活(huo)性炭的原(yuan)料成本將更高(gao),但(dan)效果越更好。
7、形狀不一
竹炭千姿百態,有筒(tong)(tong)炭、片炭、碎炭、顆(ke)粒炭、炭粉(fen)(fen)等等,使用范(fan)圍很廣(guang),如筒(tong)(tong)炭可以做成各種(zhong)工藝品,炭片可用于凈水煮飯,等等;而活(huo)性炭一般只有粉(fen)(fen)末狀(直(zhi)徑(jing)≤0.18mm)與顆(ke)粒狀(直(zhi)徑(jing)≤8mm)兩類,由于沒有大(da)塊(kuai)活(huo)性炭,所以其應用受(shou)到很大(da)的局(ju)限。
8、吸附對象有差別
竹炭(tan)(tan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)孔(kong)隙(xi)以大(da)(da)孔(kong)為主(zhu)(zhu),而(er)活(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)炭(tan)(tan)就大(da)(da)不(bu)(bu)一樣(yang)了,物(wu)(wu)(wu)理法活(huo)化活(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)炭(tan)(tan)以微(wei)孔(kong)占主(zhu)(zhu)導地位(wei)、化學(xue)法活(huo)化的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)活(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)炭(tan)(tan)中大(da)(da)孔(kong)占主(zhu)(zhu)導地位(wei),不(bu)(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)活(huo)化工(gong)藝(yi)生產出來的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)活(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)炭(tan)(tan)大(da)(da)不(bu)(bu)一樣(yang)。竹炭(tan)(tan)主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)吸(xi)(xi)附一些大(da)(da)分(fen)子物(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi),包括許多(duo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)微(wei)生物(wu)(wu)(wu)。而(er)活(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)炭(tan)(tan)有不(bu)(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)孔(kong)結構,根據吸(xi)(xi)附物(wu)(wu)(wu)種不(bu)(bu)同(tong)應用于(yu)不(bu)(bu)同(tong)領域(yu)。但(dan)就分(fen)子直徑很小的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)(如甲(jia)醛、苯(ben)、氨等有害氣體)而(er)言,活(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)炭(tan)(tan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)吸(xi)(xi)附性(xing)(xing)(xing)比竹炭(tan)(tan)要(yao)強(qiang)好幾(ji)倍。而(er)且(qie)活(huo)性(xing)(xing)(xing)炭(tan)(tan)吸(xi)(xi)附的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)針對(dui)性(xing)(xing)(xing)很強(qiang),不(bu)(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)孔(kong)徑用于(yu)吸(xi)(xi)附不(bu)(bu)同(tong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)物(wu)(wu)(wu)質(zhi)。