電子滅蚊器的制作步驟 電子滅蚊器使用方法

電(dian)子(zi)滅蚊(wen)比傳統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)滅蚊(wen)方(fang)法(fa)更加環保、安全、方(fang)便(bian)，再加上滅蚊(wen)效果良好，越(yue)來越(yue)受人們的(de)(de)(de)歡迎。它是利用紫外(wai)光燈管發出的(de)(de)(de)紫外(wai)線引誘蚊(wen)蟲，當(dang)蚊(wen)蟲觸及圓形的(de)(de)(de)高壓電(dian)網時，電(dian)極被短接。蚊(wen)蟲擊(ji)斃。下面剖析(xi)一種線路簡單、成本低且(qie)容易制作的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)擊(ji)滅蚊(wen)器。

1 ．電路及工作原理

它由紫(zi)外燈(deng)管發(fa)(fa)光電(dian)路(lu)、高(gao)(gao)壓直(zhi)流(liu)發(fa)(fa)生器(qi)、高(gao)(gao)壓圓形電(dian)網等(deng)組(zu)成。紫(zi)外燈(deng)管發(fa)(fa)光電(dian)路(lu)由紫(zi)外燈(deng)管 H 和電(dian)容(rong) C1 組(zu)成，直(zhi)流(liu)高(gao)(gao)壓發(fa)(fa)生器(qi)由二極管 D1 、 D2 ，電(dian)位器(qi) W 、電(dian)阻 R1 、 R2 、電(dian)容(rong) C2 。單向晶閘管 SCR 、脈沖變壓器(qi) T 及限流(liu)電(dian)阻 R3 等(deng)組(zu)成。

當電(dian)源(yuan)接通 220V 交流電(dian)時(shi)．紫外燈管 H 即點亮(liang)。其波長約 253.7nm 。利用蚊(wen)蟲趨(qu)光性引(yin)誘蚊(wen)蟲。當蚊(wen)蟲撲(pu)向紫外燈管時(shi)，必(bi)然先觸及到(dao)圓形高壓(ya)電(dian)網(wang)，結果受電(dian)擊而死。

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路接(jie)通(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)后(hou)．電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)正半周(zhou)由二極(ji)管(guan) D1 整流(liu)后(hou)，通(tong)過降壓(ya)(ya)(ya)限流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻 R1 、 R2 和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位器(qi)(qi) W ，分別向(xiang)單(dan)向(xiang)晶閘(zha)管(guan) SCR 的(de)(de)(de)陽(yang)極(ji)與(yu)控(kong)(kong)制極(ji)提供正電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)。調整電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位器(qi)(qi) W ，使(shi)該通(tong)路電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)達(da)到控(kong)(kong)制極(ji)的(de)(de)(de)觸(chu)發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)時，單(dan)向(xiang)晶閘(zha)管(guan) SCR 便導(dao)(dao)通(tong)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容(rong)(rong) C2 通(tong)過脈沖(chong)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi) T 的(de)(de)(de)初級線(xian)圈(quan)(quan)和單(dan)向(xiang)晶閘(zha)管(guan) SCR 放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)， C2 的(de)(de)(de)容(rong)(rong)量越(yue)大，脈沖(chong)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi) T 的(de)(de)(de)次(ci)級線(xian)圈(quan)(quan)感應的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)越(yue)高(gao)。當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)從正變(bian)(bian)到零(ling)時，單(dan)向(xiang)晶閘(zha)管(guan) SCR 因(yin)流(liu)過的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)小于(yu)維持(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)而關斷。之后(hou)，單(dan)向(xiang)晶閘(zha)管(guan) SCR 就(jiu)承受(shou)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)的(de)(de)(de)反向(xiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)。直到下(xia)一(yi)個周(zhou)期觸(chu)發脈沖(chong)再次(ci)加到控(kong)(kong)制極(ji)上時重新導(dao)(dao)通(tong)。改變(bian)(bian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位器(qi)(qi) W 的(de)(de)(de)值．就(jiu)改變(bian)(bian)了導(dao)(dao)通(tong)角的(de)(de)(de)大小。即能(neng)改變(bian)(bian)輸出(chu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)低。由于(yu)單(dan)向(xiang)晶閘(zha)管(guan) SCR 的(de)(de)(de)頻(pin)繁導(dao)(dao)通(tong)和截止。形(xing)成高(gao)頻(pin)振(zhen)蕩，在脈沖(chong)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)器(qi)(qi) T 的(de)(de)(de)次(ci)級線(xian)圈(quan)(quan)上感應出(chu) 10000V 到 15000V 的(de)(de)(de)高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)．經高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)硅堆 D2 整流(liu)，就(jiu)在圓形(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網上形(xing)成直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)擊高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)

2 ．元器件的選擇

脈沖(chong)變壓器 T 可選用 12~14 英寸黑白(bai)電視的行(xing)輸出變壓器。

紫外燈管 H 的功率可(ke)選用 3W 。高壓(ya)圓形電網需自制，電網可(ke)選用φ 0.5mm 左右鐵絲在塑(su)料(liao)骨架上(shang)隔離繞制而(er)成，如圖 2 所示。注意兩根鐵絲 A 、 B 不能有(you)任何接(jie)觸．否則會造成短路，兩者(zhe)之間的距離以(yi) 2mm 較為合適。

3 ．制作及注意事項

本電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)擊滅蚊(wen)器(qi)(qi)除印刷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路板、高壓圓形(xing)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網需要自(zi)制(zhi)外(wai)，其余(yu)元件(jian)均可買成品組裝。制(zhi)作(zuo)時燈(deng)管(guan)裝在(zai)(zai)圓網內，其余(yu)元件(jian)安裝在(zai)(zai)一(yi)個(ge)盒子里。若元件(jian)良好，安裝無誤時，接通(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，調節電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)器(qi)(qi)，該電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)擊滅蚊(wen)器(qi)(qi)便能正常工(gong)作(zuo)。雖然本電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)擊滅蚊(wen)器(qi)(qi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓較(jiao)高。但電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)在(zai)(zai)微安級，使用安全。即(ji)(ji)使不(bu)慎(shen)碰到(dao)了(le)。只(zhi)像針扎(zha)一(yi)下(xia)而已(yi)，不(bu)必驚慌失措。使用時，插(cha)上(shang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)插(cha)頭，旋轉帶電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)開關(guan)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)器(qi)(qi)，即(ji)(ji)可接通(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)，繼續(xu)旋轉可聽到(dao)高壓產(chan)生，圓形(xing)網內的(de)紫外(wai)燈(deng)管(guan)發(fa)光。至此，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)擊滅蚊(wen)器(qi)(qi)即(ji)(ji)制(zhi)作(zuo)成功(gong)。不(bu)用時，反向旋轉電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)位(wei)(wei)器(qi)(qi)即(ji)(ji)可關(guan)斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源(yuan)。

使用時，注意事項如下：

(1) 正常使用(yong)時應將圓網掛在高處(chu)，以便取得良好的滅蚊效果(guo)。并防止小孩觸摸(mo)。

(2) 最(zui)好(hao)在沒(mei)有其他光(guang)源的情況下使用。以免影響滅蚊效果。一般(ban)可在就寢后啟用。

(3) 在關斷 2 分鐘內(nei)，由于網(wang)上(shang)電荷未泄(xie)放完畢，可能電擊(ji)人手，故不要觸(chu)及。

(4) 由于紫外線(xian)對(dui)人體(ti)及眼(yan)睛(jing)有害，故燈管(guan)功率不(bu)宜過大，不(bu)要直(zhi)視燈管(guan)。