一、電熱水袋里(li)面(mian)的液體是什(shen)么?

其實細心的人都會發現電熱水袋里的“水”并不是普通的水，它之所以能夠被加熱而且可以較長時間的保持熱度都是有它的奧妙的。那么到底電熱水袋里面是什么呢？很多手腳易發涼的人幾乎是整個冬天電熱水袋不離身的，電熱水袋很神奇，一插電就熱了，有很多人覺得其實電熱水袋就是燒開水，那么就錯了。

電熱水袋里面(mian)是(shi)(shi)什(shen)(shen)么(me)呢？其實是(shi)(shi)鐵粉或鐵氧體，電熱水袋是(shi)(shi)靠電磁(ci)產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)(de)熱能的(de)(de)產(chan)生(sheng)電磁(ci)的(de)(de)東西(xi)是(shi)(shi)封閉起來的(de)(de)，是(shi)(shi)為了防止漏電，如果通了電以(yi)后(hou)(hou)就(jiu)產(chan)生(sheng)磁(ci)場，鐵和(he)磁(ci)是(shi)(shi)相互反(fan)(fan)應的(de)(de)，使所謂的(de)(de)水里面(mian)產(chan)生(sheng)渦(wo)(wo)流和(he)磁(ci)滯然(ran)后(hou)(hou)就(jiu)產(chan)生(sheng)了熱能，和(he)變壓(ya)器(qi)為什(shen)(shen)么(me)會發(fa)熱是(shi)(shi)相關(guan)的(de)(de)都是(shi)(shi)因為磁(ci)滯和(he)渦(wo)(wo)流而(er)熱的(de)(de)，人(ren)們把(ba)變壓(ya)器(qi)做成一(yi)片一(yi)片的(de)(de)硅剛片就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)為了減小磁(ci)滯和(he)渦(wo)(wo)流的(de)(de)，從而(er)提(ti)高效率(lv)的(de)(de)，而(er)熱水袋則是(shi)(shi)相反(fan)(fan)的(de)(de)。

該圖片由注冊用戶"溫溫潤澤"提供，版權聲明反饋

二、電熱水袋的工作原理

電(dian)熱(re)(re)水(shui)袋里的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)飽(bao)(bao)和溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)。在(zai)某種(zhong)(zhong)溫度(du)下，溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)質在(zai)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)劑中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)性(xing)(xing)是不變的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，例如食鹽(yan)在(zai)水(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)性(xing)(xing)在(zai)室溫時(shi)是36g/100mL水(shui)。當(dang)(dang)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)濃(nong)度(du)與其可(ke)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)性(xing)(xing)相等時(shi)，這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)便(bian)稱(cheng)為飽(bao)(bao)和液(ye)(ye)(ye)；而當(dang)(dang)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)度(du)比其可(ke)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)性(xing)(xing)還要(yao)(yao)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)候(hou)，這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)便(bian)稱(cheng)為過(guo)飽(bao)(bao)和溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)。暖手袋里的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)液(ye)(ye)(ye)體就是過(guo)飽(bao)(bao)和溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)醋酸鈉(na)。由(you)于過(guo)飽(bao)(bao)和溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)濃(nong)度(du)太高(gao)，當(dang)(dang)扭曲金屬的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時(shi)候(hou),所(suo)產生的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輕微震動便(bian)足(zu)以使(shi)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)質結晶，變成(cheng)(cheng)較穩定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)固體。然而，這(zhe)個過(guo)程(cheng)是放熱(re)(re)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，所(suo)以暖手袋告(gao)開始暖起來(lai)。只要(yao)(yao)把充電(dian)熱(re)(re)水(shui)袋放入(ru)沸(fei)水(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)加(jia)熱(re)(re)約10分鐘(zhong)，凝結了(le)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)質便(bian)會再次(ci)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)解；這(zhe)是由(you)于在(zai)高(gao)溫下，溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)質的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)性(xing)(xing)增加(jia)。在(zai)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)解的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)，溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)質進行吸熱(re)(re)反應(ying)，再次(ci)成(cheng)(cheng)為過(guo)飽(bao)(bao)和溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)。

三、電熱水袋分類

按產品結構分類

電(dian)暖(nuan)寶產品按有(you)電(dian)熱餅(bing)、電(dian)熱水袋和電(dian)暖(nuan)式暖(nuan)手寶。

固體電熱餅

其填充是保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)棉(如：陶瓷棉等(deng)其他的(de)(de))，使(shi)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)絲加熱(re)(re)(re)(re)，將熱(re)(re)(re)(re)量(liang)傳遞(di)給石棉或玻璃纖(xian)維保(bao)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)。工作原(yuan)理是：用(yong)雙控(kong)溫(wen)(wen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)儲能(neng)式(shi)結(jie)構(gou),逐漸釋(shi)放熱(re)(re)(re)(re)能(neng)。內(nei)設(she)自動(dong)過熱(re)(re)(re)(re)保(bao)護裝置及(ji)自動(dong)保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)指示裝置，一(yi)個由(you)PTC熱(re)(re)(re)(re)敏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻開關控(kong)制的(de)(de)小電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)爐(lu)，PTC是正(zheng)溫(wen)(wen)度系數的(de)(de)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)敏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流通過時(shi)(shi)自身會發熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)爐(lu)的(de)(de)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)量(liang)也會傳導給它的(de)(de))，當溫(wen)(wen)度到達一(yi)定值時(shi)(shi)，它的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻會急劇增大，可以(yi)視為斷(duan)(duan)開，此時(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暖(nuan)寶(bao)減(jian)少(shao)消耗的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)，之后(hou)靠保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)棉對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路的(de)(de)保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)來緩(huan)慢(man)放熱(re)(re)(re)(re)。這(zhe)(zhe)種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暖(nuan)寶(bao)保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)時(shi)(shi)間長，缺點是它無法(fa)徹(che)底切斷(duan)(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路，為了預防萬一(yi)，加熱(re)(re)(re)(re)時(shi)(shi)不(bu)可離人，且加熱(re)(re)(re)(re)完成后(hou)溫(wen)(wen)度較(jiao)高(gao)，在使(shi)用(yong)時(shi)(shi)必須套上(shang)布袋，以(yi)免燙(tang)傷。目前(qian)，市面上(shang)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暖(nuan)寶(bao)很少(shao)使(shi)用(yong)這(zhe)(zhe)種控(kong)制方式(shi)。

電熱水袋

軟質液體電(dian)(dian)熱寶使用新技(ji)術儲能發熱劑，加熱升溫迅速(su)。一次性注(zhu)(zhu)水，永久使用，獨特防爆免燙(tang)和(he)(he)溫控保(bao)護裝置；使用壽命長：保(bao)溫持(chi)久等優勢。由(you)于(yu)用戶無需(xu)注(zhu)(zhu)水即(ji)可直接使用，免去(qu)了傳統熱水袋頻(pin)繁換水帶來的麻煩和(he)(he)不安全(quan)。從電(dian)(dian)熱水袋的發熱原理看，這種(zhong)電(dian)(dian)暖寶有電(dian)(dian)極式和(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)熱元件式兩大(da)類。其中，電(dian)(dian)極式電(dian)(dian)暖寶由(you)于(yu)兩個電(dian)(dian)極(或螺(luo)絲(si))直接裸露在水中，造(zao)成的漏電(dian)(dian)風險也很大(da)。

電池式暖手寶

這(zhe)種產(chan)品(pin)(pin)使(shi)用(yong)內置鋰電(dian)池(chi)亦或是(shi)使(shi)用(yong)5號電(dian)池(chi)進行供電(dian)驅動，利(li)用(yong)電(dian)阻產(chan)生(sheng)熱(re)(re)量的(de)原理(li)進行暖(nuan)(nuan)手(shou)。目前(qian)該款(kuan)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)在2010年由(you)日本三洋(yang)公司在世界率先推出，之(zhi)后尤其是(shi)2011年冬開(kai)始被眾(zhong)多廠(chang)家(jia)模仿，但產(chan)品(pin)(pin)品(pin)(pin)質一直(zhi)未被超越。這(zhe)種產(chan)品(pin)(pin)對比前(qian)兩種類型，加熱(re)(re)不受市電(dian)供電(dian)加熱(re)(re)的(de)約束，可(ke)(ke)將溫(wen)(wen)度迅(xun)速提(ti)升至40℃以內，對于內置鋰電(dian)池(chi)型可(ke)(ke)以充滿電(dian)以備需要時(shi)(shi)開(kai)啟使(shi)用(yong)，而采用(yong)5號電(dian)池(chi)型則更方便隨(sui)時(shi)(shi)隨(sui)地(di)更換，尤其適合(he)外出。產(chan)品(pin)(pin)優點(dian)：隨(sui)時(shi)(shi)隨(sui)地(di)取暖(nuan)(nuan)，不受市電(dian)影響，體積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)輕巧，恒溫(wen)(wen)加熱(re)(re)在40℃人(ren)體正常取暖(nuan)(nuan)所需的(de)安(an)全溫(wen)(wen)度以內，十分安(an)全;缺(que)點(dian)：由(you)于產(chan)品(pin)(pin)體積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)小(xiao)巧，直(zhi)接導致電(dian)池(chi)容(rong)量不理(li)想，導熱(re)(re)時(shi)(shi)間不夠長(chang)，通常最長(chang)為1小(xiao)時(shi)(shi)(高于此值，均為虛假宣傳)，由(you)于體積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)小(xiao)，無法(fa)大面積(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)取暖(nuan)(nuan)。

按發熱原理分類

電(dian)(dian)暖寶分(fen)為電(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)式(shi)和(he)(he)電(dian)(dian)熱(re)(re)絲(si)式(shi)兩(liang)種。其(qi)中(zhong)，電(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)式(shi)電(dian)(dian)暖寶中(zhong)有正負(fu)兩(liang)個(ge)電(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)，直(zhi)接和(he)(he)袋中(zhong)的液體(ti)(電(dian)(dian)解質(zhi)溶液)接觸，電(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)通(tong)電(dian)(dian)后，溶液就帶電(dian)(dian)加(jia)熱(re)(re)，加(jia)熱(re)(re)時間較短(約2～8分(fen)鐘)，但(dan)液體(ti)膨(peng)脹較快(kuai)，容(rong)易爆炸。電(dian)(dian)熱(re)(re)絲(si)式(shi)電(dian)(dian)暖寶中(zhong)有一個(ge)絕(jue)緣體(ti)線圈，摸(mo)上去體(ti)積比電(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)式(shi)發熱(re)(re)體(ti)明顯要大。