一、電熱水袋里面(mian)的(de)液體(ti)是什么?

其實細心的人都會發現電熱水袋里的“水”并不是普通的水，它之所以能夠被加熱而且可以較長時間的保持熱度都是有它的奧妙的。那么到底電熱水袋里面是什么呢？很多手腳易發涼的人幾乎是整個冬天電熱水袋不離身的，電熱水袋很神奇，一插電就熱了，有很多人覺得其實電熱水袋就是燒開水，那么就錯了。

電熱水袋里面是(shi)(shi)什么(me)呢(ni)？其實是(shi)(shi)鐵粉或鐵氧體，電(dian)熱水袋是(shi)(shi)靠電(dian)磁(ci)產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)的熱能的產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)電(dian)磁(ci)的東西是(shi)(shi)封閉(bi)起(qi)來的，是(shi)(shi)為(wei)了(le)(le)防(fang)止(zhi)漏(lou)電(dian)，如果通了(le)(le)電(dian)以后就產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)磁(ci)場，鐵和磁(ci)是(shi)(shi)相(xiang)互反(fan)應的，使所(suo)謂的水里面產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)渦(wo)(wo)流和磁(ci)滯(zhi)然后就產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)了(le)(le)熱能，和變壓器(qi)為(wei)什么(me)會發熱是(shi)(shi)相(xiang)關的都(dou)是(shi)(shi)因(yin)為(wei)磁(ci)滯(zhi)和渦(wo)(wo)流而熱的，人們把變壓器(qi)做成(cheng)一片一片的硅剛片就是(shi)(shi)為(wei)了(le)(le)減小磁(ci)滯(zhi)和渦(wo)(wo)流的，從而提高(gao)效率的，而熱水袋則是(shi)(shi)相(xiang)反(fan)的。

該圖片由注冊用戶"溫溫潤澤"提供，版權聲明反饋

二、電熱水袋的工作原理

電熱(re)(re)水(shui)袋里的(de)(de)過(guo)飽(bao)和(he)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液。在某種溫度(du)(du)下，溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)質(zhi)在溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)劑(ji)中的(de)(de)可(ke)(ke)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)性是(shi)不變(bian)的(de)(de)，例如食鹽(yan)在水(shui)的(de)(de)可(ke)(ke)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)性在室溫時是(shi)36g/100mL水(shui)。當溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液中的(de)(de)濃度(du)(du)與其可(ke)(ke)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)性相等時，這種溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液便(bian)稱(cheng)為飽(bao)和(he)液；而當溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液的(de)(de)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)度(du)(du)比(bi)其可(ke)(ke)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)性還要高(gao)的(de)(de)時候(hou)，這種溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液便(bian)稱(cheng)為過(guo)飽(bao)和(he)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液。暖手袋里的(de)(de)液體就是(shi)過(guo)飽(bao)和(he)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液醋酸鈉。由于過(guo)飽(bao)和(he)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液的(de)(de)濃度(du)(du)太高(gao)，當扭曲金屬(shu)的(de)(de)時候(hou),所產生的(de)(de)輕(qing)微震(zhen)動(dong)便(bian)足(zu)以使溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)質(zhi)結(jie)晶，變(bian)成(cheng)較穩定(ding)的(de)(de)固體。然而，這個過(guo)程(cheng)是(shi)放熱(re)(re)的(de)(de)，所以暖手袋告開始暖起來。只要把(ba)充電熱(re)(re)水(shui)袋放入沸(fei)水(shui)中加熱(re)(re)約(yue)10分(fen)鐘(zhong)，凝結(jie)了的(de)(de)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)質(zhi)便(bian)會再(zai)次溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)解；這是(shi)由于在高(gao)溫下，溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)質(zhi)的(de)(de)可(ke)(ke)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)性增加。在溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)解的(de)(de)過(guo)程(cheng)中，溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)質(zhi)進(jin)行吸熱(re)(re)反應，再(zai)次成(cheng)為過(guo)飽(bao)和(he)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液。

三、電熱水袋分類

按產品結構分類

電暖寶(bao)(bao)產品按(an)有電熱餅、電熱水袋和電暖式(shi)暖手寶(bao)(bao)。

固體電熱餅

其(qi)填充是(shi)(shi)保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)棉(如：陶瓷棉等(deng)其(qi)他的)，使(shi)(shi)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)熱(re)(re)(re)絲(si)加熱(re)(re)(re)，將熱(re)(re)(re)量(liang)傳遞給(gei)石棉或玻璃纖維保(bao)熱(re)(re)(re)。工作原理是(shi)(shi)：用雙控(kong)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)熱(re)(re)(re)儲能式(shi)結(jie)構,逐漸釋(shi)放熱(re)(re)(re)能。內設(she)自(zi)動過熱(re)(re)(re)保(bao)護裝置及自(zi)動保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)指示裝置，一個由PTC熱(re)(re)(re)敏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)開(kai)關控(kong)制(zhi)的小電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)爐(lu)，PTC是(shi)(shi)正溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度系(xi)數的熱(re)(re)(re)敏電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)，當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流通(tong)過時(shi)(shi)自(zi)身會(hui)發熱(re)(re)(re)(電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)爐(lu)的熱(re)(re)(re)量(liang)也會(hui)傳導給(gei)它的)，當(dang)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度到(dao)達(da)一定值時(shi)(shi)，它的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)會(hui)急劇增大，可以(yi)(yi)視為斷(duan)開(kai)，此時(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暖寶(bao)減少消耗的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能，之后靠保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)棉對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路的保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)來緩慢放熱(re)(re)(re)。這(zhe)(zhe)種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暖寶(bao)保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)(wen)時(shi)(shi)間(jian)長，缺點是(shi)(shi)它無法徹底切斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路，為了預防萬(wan)一，加熱(re)(re)(re)時(shi)(shi)不可離(li)人，且加熱(re)(re)(re)完成(cheng)后溫(wen)(wen)(wen)度較高，在使(shi)(shi)用時(shi)(shi)必須套(tao)上(shang)布袋，以(yi)(yi)免(mian)燙傷(shang)。目前，市面上(shang)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暖寶(bao)很少使(shi)(shi)用這(zhe)(zhe)種控(kong)制(zhi)方(fang)式(shi)。

電熱水袋

軟質液體電(dian)(dian)(dian)熱(re)(re)寶(bao)使(shi)用新技術儲能(neng)發熱(re)(re)劑，加熱(re)(re)升溫(wen)迅速。一次(ci)性(xing)注水，永(yong)久使(shi)用，獨(du)特防爆免燙(tang)和溫(wen)控(kong)保護裝置(zhi)；使(shi)用壽命(ming)長：保溫(wen)持久等優勢。由(you)于(yu)用戶無需注水即(ji)可直(zhi)接使(shi)用，免去了(le)傳統熱(re)(re)水袋(dai)(dai)頻(pin)繁換水帶來的(de)麻煩和不(bu)安全。從電(dian)(dian)(dian)熱(re)(re)水袋(dai)(dai)的(de)發熱(re)(re)原理看(kan)，這種電(dian)(dian)(dian)暖寶(bao)有電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)式和電(dian)(dian)(dian)熱(re)(re)元件式兩(liang)大類。其中，電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)式電(dian)(dian)(dian)暖寶(bao)由(you)于(yu)兩(liang)個電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(或螺絲(si))直(zhi)接裸露(lu)在水中，造成的(de)漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)風(feng)險也很大。

電池式暖手寶

這(zhe)種產(chan)品(pin)使(shi)(shi)用內置(zhi)(zhi)鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)亦或是使(shi)(shi)用5號電(dian)(dian)池(chi)進行(xing)供電(dian)(dian)驅(qu)動，利用電(dian)(dian)阻產(chan)生熱(re)量的(de)(de)原理(li)進行(xing)暖(nuan)手。目前(qian)該款(kuan)產(chan)品(pin)在(zai)2010年由(you)(you)日(ri)本三洋公(gong)司(si)在(zai)世界率先推(tui)出，之后(hou)尤(you)(you)其(qi)是2011年冬(dong)開始被(bei)眾多廠家模(mo)仿，但產(chan)品(pin)品(pin)質一直(zhi)未被(bei)超越。這(zhe)種產(chan)品(pin)對比前(qian)兩種類(lei)型(xing)，加熱(re)不(bu)受市(shi)電(dian)(dian)供電(dian)(dian)加熱(re)的(de)(de)約束，可(ke)將溫度(du)迅速(su)提升至40℃以(yi)(yi)內，對于(yu)(yu)(yu)內置(zhi)(zhi)鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)型(xing)可(ke)以(yi)(yi)充(chong)滿電(dian)(dian)以(yi)(yi)備需(xu)要時(shi)開啟使(shi)(shi)用，而采用5號電(dian)(dian)池(chi)型(xing)則更方便(bian)隨時(shi)隨地(di)更換(huan)，尤(you)(you)其(qi)適合外出。產(chan)品(pin)優(you)點(dian)：隨時(shi)隨地(di)取(qu)暖(nuan)，不(bu)受市(shi)電(dian)(dian)影響，體(ti)(ti)積(ji)輕巧(qiao)，恒溫加熱(re)在(zai)40℃人(ren)體(ti)(ti)正常(chang)取(qu)暖(nuan)所需(xu)的(de)(de)安全溫度(du)以(yi)(yi)內，十分安全;缺(que)點(dian)：由(you)(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)產(chan)品(pin)體(ti)(ti)積(ji)小(xiao)巧(qiao)，直(zhi)接導(dao)致電(dian)(dian)池(chi)容(rong)量不(bu)理(li)想，導(dao)熱(re)時(shi)間不(bu)夠長，通(tong)常(chang)最長為1小(xiao)時(shi)(高于(yu)(yu)(yu)此值，均為虛假宣傳)，由(you)(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)體(ti)(ti)積(ji)小(xiao)，無法大(da)面積(ji)取(qu)暖(nuan)。

按發熱原理分類

電(dian)(dian)暖寶分(fen)為電(dian)(dian)極(ji)式(shi)和電(dian)(dian)熱絲(si)式(shi)兩種。其中，電(dian)(dian)極(ji)式(shi)電(dian)(dian)暖寶中有正(zheng)負兩個電(dian)(dian)極(ji)，直接和袋(dai)中的液(ye)(ye)體(電(dian)(dian)解質溶液(ye)(ye))接觸，電(dian)(dian)極(ji)通電(dian)(dian)后，溶液(ye)(ye)就帶電(dian)(dian)加熱，加熱時(shi)間較(jiao)(jiao)短(約2～8分(fen)鐘(zhong))，但液(ye)(ye)體膨脹較(jiao)(jiao)快，容易爆炸。電(dian)(dian)熱絲(si)式(shi)電(dian)(dian)暖寶中有一個絕緣體線圈(quan)，摸上去體積比(bi)電(dian)(dian)極(ji)式(shi)發熱體明顯要大。