一、電熱(re)水袋里(li)面的液體(ti)是什么?

其實細心的人都會發現電熱水袋里的“水”并不是普通的水，它之所以能夠被加熱而且可以較長時間的保持熱度都是有它的奧妙的。那么到底電熱水袋里面是什么呢？很多手腳易發涼的人幾乎是整個冬天電熱水袋不離身的，電熱水袋很神奇，一插電就熱了，有很多人覺得其實電熱水袋就是燒開水，那么就錯了。

電熱水袋里(li)面是(shi)(shi)(shi)什么呢？其實是(shi)(shi)(shi)鐵粉或鐵氧(yang)體(ti)，電(dian)熱水袋是(shi)(shi)(shi)靠電(dian)磁產生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)熱能的(de)(de)(de)產生(sheng)(sheng)電(dian)磁的(de)(de)(de)東(dong)西(xi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)封閉起來的(de)(de)(de)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)了防止(zhi)漏電(dian)，如果通了電(dian)以后就(jiu)產生(sheng)(sheng)磁場，鐵和(he)磁是(shi)(shi)(shi)相互(hu)反應的(de)(de)(de)，使所謂的(de)(de)(de)水里(li)面產生(sheng)(sheng)渦流(liu)和(he)磁滯(zhi)然(ran)后就(jiu)產生(sheng)(sheng)了熱能，和(he)變壓器為(wei)什么會發熱是(shi)(shi)(shi)相關的(de)(de)(de)都是(shi)(shi)(shi)因為(wei)磁滯(zhi)和(he)渦流(liu)而(er)熱的(de)(de)(de)，人們把變壓器做(zuo)成一片(pian)(pian)一片(pian)(pian)的(de)(de)(de)硅剛片(pian)(pian)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)了減小磁滯(zhi)和(he)渦流(liu)的(de)(de)(de)，從而(er)提(ti)高效(xiao)率的(de)(de)(de)，而(er)熱水袋則是(shi)(shi)(shi)相反的(de)(de)(de)。

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二、電熱水袋的工作原理

電(dian)熱水袋(dai)(dai)里(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)(guo)飽(bao)(bao)和(he)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)。在(zai)某種溫(wen)度(du)下，溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)質(zhi)在(zai)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)劑中的(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)性(xing)(xing)是不變(bian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，例如食鹽在(zai)水的(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)性(xing)(xing)在(zai)室溫(wen)時是36g/100mL水。當溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)濃度(du)與其可(ke)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)性(xing)(xing)相(xiang)等時，這種溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)便(bian)稱為飽(bao)(bao)和(he)液(ye)(ye)；而當溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)度(du)比其可(ke)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)性(xing)(xing)還要(yao)高(gao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)時候(hou)，這種溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)便(bian)稱為過(guo)(guo)飽(bao)(bao)和(he)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)。暖手(shou)袋(dai)(dai)里(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)液(ye)(ye)體就是過(guo)(guo)飽(bao)(bao)和(he)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)醋(cu)酸鈉。由于(yu)過(guo)(guo)飽(bao)(bao)和(he)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)濃度(du)太高(gao)，當扭(niu)曲金屬的(de)(de)(de)(de)時候(hou),所產(chan)生的(de)(de)(de)(de)輕(qing)微震(zhen)動便(bian)足以使溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)質(zhi)結晶，變(bian)成較穩定(ding)的(de)(de)(de)(de)固體。然(ran)而，這個(ge)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)是放熱的(de)(de)(de)(de)，所以暖手(shou)袋(dai)(dai)告開始暖起來。只要(yao)把充電(dian)熱水袋(dai)(dai)放入沸(fei)水中加(jia)熱約(yue)10分鐘，凝結了的(de)(de)(de)(de)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)質(zhi)便(bian)會(hui)再次(ci)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)解；這是由于(yu)在(zai)高(gao)溫(wen)下，溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)可(ke)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)性(xing)(xing)增加(jia)。在(zai)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)解的(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中，溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)質(zhi)進(jin)行吸熱反應(ying)，再次(ci)成為過(guo)(guo)飽(bao)(bao)和(he)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)。

三、電熱水袋分類

按產品結構分類

電暖寶(bao)產品(pin)按有電熱餅(bing)、電熱水袋和電暖式暖手寶(bao)。

固體電熱餅

其(qi)填充是保(bao)溫棉(mian)(mian)(mian)(如：陶瓷棉(mian)(mian)(mian)等(deng)其(qi)他的(de)(de))，使用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)絲(si)加熱(re)(re)(re)(re)，將熱(re)(re)(re)(re)量傳遞(di)給石棉(mian)(mian)(mian)或玻璃纖維(wei)保(bao)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)。工作(zuo)原理是：用雙控溫電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)儲能式結(jie)構,逐漸釋(shi)放熱(re)(re)(re)(re)能。內設自動過熱(re)(re)(re)(re)保(bao)護裝置(zhi)及(ji)自動保(bao)溫指示裝置(zhi)，一個(ge)由PTC熱(re)(re)(re)(re)敏(min)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)開關控制的(de)(de)小電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)爐(lu)，PTC是正溫度系數的(de)(de)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)敏(min)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流通過時(shi)(shi)(shi)自身會發熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)爐(lu)的(de)(de)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)量也會傳導給它(ta)的(de)(de))，當溫度到達一定值時(shi)(shi)(shi)，它(ta)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)(zu)會急劇增大，可以(yi)視為斷開，此(ci)時(shi)(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暖(nuan)寶(bao)減少消耗的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能，之后(hou)靠(kao)保(bao)溫棉(mian)(mian)(mian)對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路的(de)(de)保(bao)溫來(lai)緩慢放熱(re)(re)(re)(re)。這種電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暖(nuan)寶(bao)保(bao)溫時(shi)(shi)(shi)間長，缺點是它(ta)無法徹底切斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路，為了預防萬一，加熱(re)(re)(re)(re)時(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)可離人，且(qie)加熱(re)(re)(re)(re)完成后(hou)溫度較高，在使用時(shi)(shi)(shi)必(bi)須套上(shang)(shang)布袋，以(yi)免燙傷。目前，市面上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暖(nuan)寶(bao)很(hen)少使用這種控制方式。

電熱水袋

軟質液體電(dian)熱(re)寶(bao)使(shi)(shi)用新技術儲(chu)能發熱(re)劑，加熱(re)升溫(wen)迅(xun)速。一次性注水(shui)，永久使(shi)(shi)用，獨特防(fang)爆免(mian)燙和(he)溫(wen)控(kong)保(bao)護裝置；使(shi)(shi)用壽命長：保(bao)溫(wen)持久等優勢。由于(yu)用戶無需注水(shui)即可直接使(shi)(shi)用，免(mian)去(qu)了傳統熱(re)水(shui)袋(dai)頻繁換水(shui)帶來的麻煩和(he)不安全。從電(dian)熱(re)水(shui)袋(dai)的發熱(re)原理看，這種電(dian)暖寶(bao)有(you)電(dian)極(ji)式和(he)電(dian)熱(re)元(yuan)件式兩大(da)類。其中(zhong)，電(dian)極(ji)式電(dian)暖寶(bao)由于(yu)兩個電(dian)極(ji)(或螺(luo)絲)直接裸露在水(shui)中(zhong)，造(zao)成的漏電(dian)風險也很大(da)。

電池式暖手寶

這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)使用內(nei)(nei)(nei)置鋰電(dian)池(chi)亦(yi)或是使用5號(hao)電(dian)池(chi)進行(xing)供電(dian)驅動，利(li)用電(dian)阻產(chan)生熱(re)(re)量的原理進行(xing)暖手。目前(qian)該(gai)款產(chan)品(pin)(pin)在2010年由日本三洋公司在世界率(lv)先推出，之后(hou)尤其(qi)是2011年冬(dong)開(kai)(kai)始被眾(zhong)多廠家模(mo)仿，但產(chan)品(pin)(pin)品(pin)(pin)質一(yi)直未被超越。這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)對比前(qian)兩(liang)種(zhong)(zhong)類型，加熱(re)(re)不(bu)受市(shi)電(dian)供電(dian)加熱(re)(re)的約束，可將溫度迅速提升至40℃以(yi)內(nei)(nei)(nei)，對于(yu)內(nei)(nei)(nei)置鋰電(dian)池(chi)型可以(yi)充滿(man)電(dian)以(yi)備需(xu)要時(shi)(shi)開(kai)(kai)啟使用，而采用5號(hao)電(dian)池(chi)型則(ze)更方便隨(sui)時(shi)(shi)隨(sui)地(di)更換(huan)，尤其(qi)適合(he)外(wai)出。產(chan)品(pin)(pin)優(you)點：隨(sui)時(shi)(shi)隨(sui)地(di)取(qu)暖，不(bu)受市(shi)電(dian)影響，體(ti)積(ji)(ji)輕巧，恒溫加熱(re)(re)在40℃人(ren)體(ti)正常取(qu)暖所需(xu)的安全(quan)溫度以(yi)內(nei)(nei)(nei)，十分安全(quan);缺(que)點：由于(yu)產(chan)品(pin)(pin)體(ti)積(ji)(ji)小巧，直接導(dao)致電(dian)池(chi)容量不(bu)理想，導(dao)熱(re)(re)時(shi)(shi)間不(bu)夠長，通常最長為(wei)1小時(shi)(shi)(高(gao)于(yu)此(ci)值，均為(wei)虛假宣傳)，由于(yu)體(ti)積(ji)(ji)小，無(wu)法(fa)大面積(ji)(ji)取(qu)暖。

按發熱原理分類

電暖(nuan)寶(bao)(bao)分(fen)為電極(ji)式和電熱(re)(re)絲(si)式兩(liang)(liang)種。其中，電極(ji)式電暖(nuan)寶(bao)(bao)中有(you)正負兩(liang)(liang)個(ge)電極(ji)，直接(jie)(jie)和袋中的液體(ti)(電解質溶液)接(jie)(jie)觸，電極(ji)通(tong)電后，溶液就帶電加熱(re)(re)，加熱(re)(re)時間較短(約2～8分(fen)鐘)，但液體(ti)膨脹較快(kuai)，容易爆炸。電熱(re)(re)絲(si)式電暖(nuan)寶(bao)(bao)中有(you)一個(ge)絕緣(yuan)體(ti)線圈(quan)，摸(mo)上去體(ti)積(ji)比電極(ji)式發熱(re)(re)體(ti)明顯要大。