一、電熱(re)水袋里面(mian)的液體(ti)是什么?

其實細心的人都會發現電熱水袋里的“水”并不是普通的水，它之所以能夠被加熱而且可以較長時間的保持熱度都是有它的奧妙的。那么到底電熱水袋里面是什么呢？很多手腳易發涼的人幾乎是整個冬天電熱水袋不離身的，電熱水袋很神奇，一插電就熱了，有很多人覺得其實電熱水袋就是燒開水，那么就錯了。

電熱水袋里面(mian)是(shi)(shi)什么(me)呢？其實是(shi)(shi)鐵粉(fen)或(huo)鐵氧(yang)體，電熱(re)(re)水袋(dai)是(shi)(shi)靠(kao)電磁產(chan)生的(de)(de)(de)(de)熱(re)(re)能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)生電磁的(de)(de)(de)(de)東西是(shi)(shi)封閉起來的(de)(de)(de)(de)，是(shi)(shi)為了(le)防止漏電，如果通了(le)電以后(hou)就(jiu)(jiu)產(chan)生磁場(chang)，鐵和(he)(he)磁是(shi)(shi)相互反(fan)應的(de)(de)(de)(de)，使所謂的(de)(de)(de)(de)水里面(mian)產(chan)生渦(wo)流(liu)和(he)(he)磁滯然后(hou)就(jiu)(jiu)產(chan)生了(le)熱(re)(re)能(neng)，和(he)(he)變壓器(qi)為什么(me)會發熱(re)(re)是(shi)(shi)相關的(de)(de)(de)(de)都是(shi)(shi)因(yin)為磁滯和(he)(he)渦(wo)流(liu)而(er)熱(re)(re)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，人們(men)把(ba)變壓器(qi)做成一片一片的(de)(de)(de)(de)硅剛片就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)為了(le)減(jian)小磁滯和(he)(he)渦(wo)流(liu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)，從而(er)提高效率的(de)(de)(de)(de)，而(er)熱(re)(re)水袋(dai)則是(shi)(shi)相反(fan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)。

該圖片由注冊用戶"溫溫潤澤"提供，版權聲明反饋

二、電熱水袋的工作原理

電(dian)熱(re)(re)水袋(dai)里的(de)過(guo)飽(bao)和(he)(he)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。在(zai)(zai)某種溫度(du)下，溶(rong)(rong)(rong)質(zhi)在(zai)(zai)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)劑中(zhong)的(de)可(ke)(ke)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)性是(shi)不變的(de)，例如食(shi)鹽在(zai)(zai)水的(de)可(ke)(ke)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)性在(zai)(zai)室溫時是(shi)36g/100mL水。當(dang)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)中(zhong)的(de)濃度(du)與其(qi)可(ke)(ke)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)性相等時，這(zhe)(zhe)種溶(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)便(bian)(bian)(bian)稱為飽(bao)和(he)(he)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)；而當(dang)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)度(du)比其(qi)可(ke)(ke)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)性還要(yao)(yao)高的(de)時候，這(zhe)(zhe)種溶(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)便(bian)(bian)(bian)稱為過(guo)飽(bao)和(he)(he)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。暖手袋(dai)里的(de)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)體(ti)就是(shi)過(guo)飽(bao)和(he)(he)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)醋酸鈉。由于過(guo)飽(bao)和(he)(he)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)的(de)濃度(du)太高，當(dang)扭曲金屬的(de)時候,所(suo)(suo)產生的(de)輕微震動(dong)便(bian)(bian)(bian)足(zu)以(yi)使(shi)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)質(zhi)結晶，變成較(jiao)穩定(ding)的(de)固體(ti)。然而，這(zhe)(zhe)個過(guo)程是(shi)放(fang)熱(re)(re)的(de)，所(suo)(suo)以(yi)暖手袋(dai)告開始暖起來(lai)。只要(yao)(yao)把充電(dian)熱(re)(re)水袋(dai)放(fang)入沸水中(zhong)加(jia)熱(re)(re)約10分鐘，凝結了的(de)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)質(zhi)便(bian)(bian)(bian)會再次溶(rong)(rong)(rong)解(jie)；這(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)由于在(zai)(zai)高溫下，溶(rong)(rong)(rong)質(zhi)的(de)可(ke)(ke)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)性增加(jia)。在(zai)(zai)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)解(jie)的(de)過(guo)程中(zhong)，溶(rong)(rong)(rong)質(zhi)進行吸熱(re)(re)反應，再次成為過(guo)飽(bao)和(he)(he)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)(ye)(ye)。

三、電熱水袋分類

按產品結構分類

電(dian)暖(nuan)寶(bao)產(chan)品按有電(dian)熱(re)餅、電(dian)熱(re)水袋和電(dian)暖(nuan)式暖(nuan)手寶(bao)。

固體電熱餅

其填充是(shi)保(bao)(bao)溫(wen)棉(mian)(如：陶瓷棉(mian)等其他的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de))，使(shi)用電(dian)(dian)(dian)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)絲加(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)，將(jiang)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)量傳(chuan)遞給(gei)石(shi)棉(mian)或玻璃纖維保(bao)(bao)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)。工作(zuo)原理(li)是(shi)：用雙控溫(wen)電(dian)(dian)(dian)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)儲能(neng)式(shi)結(jie)構,逐漸釋放熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)能(neng)。內(nei)設(she)自動(dong)過(guo)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)保(bao)(bao)護裝置及自動(dong)保(bao)(bao)溫(wen)指示裝置，一(yi)個由PTC熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)敏電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻開(kai)關(guan)控制(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)小(xiao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)爐，PTC是(shi)正溫(wen)度(du)系數的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)敏電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)流通過(guo)時(shi)自身會(hui)發熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)(電(dian)(dian)(dian)爐的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)量也會(hui)傳(chuan)導給(gei)它的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de))，當溫(wen)度(du)到達一(yi)定(ding)值時(shi)，它的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻會(hui)急劇增大，可以視為斷開(kai)，此時(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)暖寶(bao)減少消耗的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)，之后(hou)靠保(bao)(bao)溫(wen)棉(mian)對(dui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)路的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)保(bao)(bao)溫(wen)來(lai)緩慢放熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)。這種(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)暖寶(bao)保(bao)(bao)溫(wen)時(shi)間長(chang)，缺點是(shi)它無(wu)法徹底(di)切斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)路，為了預防萬(wan)一(yi)，加(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)時(shi)不可離人，且加(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(re)完成后(hou)溫(wen)度(du)較高，在使(shi)用時(shi)必須套(tao)上布袋，以免(mian)燙傷。目(mu)前(qian)，市面上的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)暖寶(bao)很少使(shi)用這種(zhong)控制(zhi)方式(shi)。

電熱水袋

軟質(zhi)液體電(dian)(dian)熱寶使(shi)(shi)用(yong)新技術儲(chu)能發(fa)熱劑，加熱升溫(wen)迅速。一次性注水(shui)，永久(jiu)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)，獨特防爆免(mian)燙和溫(wen)控保護裝(zhuang)置；使(shi)(shi)用(yong)壽(shou)命長：保溫(wen)持(chi)久(jiu)等(deng)優勢。由(you)于(yu)用(yong)戶無需注水(shui)即(ji)可直接使(shi)(shi)用(yong)，免(mian)去了傳統(tong)熱水(shui)袋頻(pin)繁換水(shui)帶來的(de)麻煩和不(bu)安全。從電(dian)(dian)熱水(shui)袋的(de)發(fa)熱原理(li)看(kan)，這種電(dian)(dian)暖(nuan)寶有電(dian)(dian)極式和電(dian)(dian)熱元件式兩大(da)(da)類。其中(zhong)，電(dian)(dian)極式電(dian)(dian)暖(nuan)寶由(you)于(yu)兩個電(dian)(dian)極(或螺絲)直接裸露在水(shui)中(zhong)，造成的(de)漏電(dian)(dian)風險也很(hen)大(da)(da)。

電池式暖手寶

這種(zhong)產(chan)(chan)品使用內(nei)(nei)(nei)置鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)亦(yi)或是使用5號電(dian)(dian)池(chi)進(jin)行供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)驅動，利用電(dian)(dian)阻產(chan)(chan)生熱量的(de)原理(li)進(jin)行暖(nuan)(nuan)手(shou)。目前(qian)該款產(chan)(chan)品在(zai)(zai)2010年由(you)日本三洋(yang)公(gong)司在(zai)(zai)世界率先(xian)推(tui)出(chu)，之(zhi)后尤(you)(you)其是2011年冬開(kai)(kai)始被眾多廠家模仿，但產(chan)(chan)品品質(zhi)一直未(wei)被超(chao)越。這種(zhong)產(chan)(chan)品對(dui)比(bi)前(qian)兩(liang)種(zhong)類型(xing)，加(jia)熱不(bu)受市(shi)電(dian)(dian)供(gong)(gong)電(dian)(dian)加(jia)熱的(de)約束(shu)，可將溫度迅速提升(sheng)至40℃以內(nei)(nei)(nei)，對(dui)于內(nei)(nei)(nei)置鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)型(xing)可以充滿電(dian)(dian)以備需要(yao)時(shi)(shi)開(kai)(kai)啟使用，而(er)采用5號電(dian)(dian)池(chi)型(xing)則更(geng)方便隨(sui)(sui)(sui)時(shi)(shi)隨(sui)(sui)(sui)地更(geng)換，尤(you)(you)其適合外出(chu)。產(chan)(chan)品優點：隨(sui)(sui)(sui)時(shi)(shi)隨(sui)(sui)(sui)地取(qu)(qu)暖(nuan)(nuan)，不(bu)受市(shi)電(dian)(dian)影響(xiang)，體(ti)(ti)積(ji)輕巧(qiao)，恒(heng)溫加(jia)熱在(zai)(zai)40℃人(ren)體(ti)(ti)正常取(qu)(qu)暖(nuan)(nuan)所需的(de)安全(quan)溫度以內(nei)(nei)(nei)，十分安全(quan);缺點：由(you)于產(chan)(chan)品體(ti)(ti)積(ji)小巧(qiao)，直接導致電(dian)(dian)池(chi)容量不(bu)理(li)想，導熱時(shi)(shi)間不(bu)夠長(chang)，通常最長(chang)為1小時(shi)(shi)(高(gao)于此值，均(jun)為虛假宣傳)，由(you)于體(ti)(ti)積(ji)小，無法(fa)大(da)面積(ji)取(qu)(qu)暖(nuan)(nuan)。

按發熱原理分類

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暖寶分為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)式(shi)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)熱絲(si)式(shi)兩種。其中(zhong)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)式(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暖寶中(zhong)有正(zheng)負(fu)兩個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)，直接(jie)和袋中(zhong)的液(ye)體(ti)(電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解質(zhi)溶液(ye))接(jie)觸(chu)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后，溶液(ye)就帶(dai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)加熱，加熱時間較短(約(yue)2～8分鐘)，但液(ye)體(ti)膨脹(zhang)較快，容易爆炸。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)熱絲(si)式(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暖寶中(zhong)有一(yi)個絕緣(yuan)體(ti)線(xian)圈，摸上去體(ti)積(ji)比電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(ji)式(shi)發熱體(ti)明顯要大(da)。