一、電熱(re)水袋(dai)里面的液體(ti)是什么?

其實細心的人都會發現電熱水袋里的“水”并不是普通的水，它之所以能夠被加熱而且可以較長時間的保持熱度都是有它的奧妙的。那么到底電熱水袋里面是什么呢？很多手腳易發涼的人幾乎是整個冬天電熱水袋不離身的，電熱水袋很神奇，一插電就熱了，有很多人覺得其實電熱水袋就是燒開水，那么就錯了。

電熱水袋里面(mian)是(shi)什么呢？其實是(shi)鐵(tie)粉或鐵(tie)氧體，電熱水(shui)袋是(shi)靠(kao)電磁(ci)產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)(de)熱能的(de)(de)產(chan)生(sheng)電磁(ci)的(de)(de)東西是(shi)封閉起(qi)來的(de)(de)，是(shi)為(wei)了(le)防止(zhi)漏電，如果通(tong)了(le)電以后就產(chan)生(sheng)磁(ci)場，鐵(tie)和(he)磁(ci)是(shi)相(xiang)互反應的(de)(de)，使所謂的(de)(de)水(shui)里面(mian)產(chan)生(sheng)渦流和(he)磁(ci)滯然后就產(chan)生(sheng)了(le)熱能，和(he)變壓器為(wei)什么會發熱是(shi)相(xiang)關的(de)(de)都是(shi)因為(wei)磁(ci)滯和(he)渦流而(er)熱的(de)(de)，人們把變壓器做成一片一片的(de)(de)硅剛片就是(shi)為(wei)了(le)減小磁(ci)滯和(he)渦流的(de)(de)，從而(er)提(ti)高效(xiao)率的(de)(de)，而(er)熱水(shui)袋則(ze)是(shi)相(xiang)反的(de)(de)。

該圖片由注冊用戶"溫溫潤澤"提供，版權聲明反饋

二、電熱水袋的工作原理

電熱水(shui)袋(dai)(dai)里的(de)(de)過(guo)(guo)飽和(he)(he)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)。在(zai)某種溫(wen)(wen)度(du)(du)(du)下，溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)質在(zai)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)劑中(zhong)的(de)(de)可溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)性(xing)(xing)是(shi)不(bu)變的(de)(de)，例如食鹽在(zai)水(shui)的(de)(de)可溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)性(xing)(xing)在(zai)室溫(wen)(wen)時是(shi)36g/100mL水(shui)。當(dang)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)中(zhong)的(de)(de)濃(nong)度(du)(du)(du)與其(qi)(qi)可溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)性(xing)(xing)相等時，這(zhe)種溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)便(bian)稱為飽和(he)(he)液(ye)；而當(dang)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)的(de)(de)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)度(du)(du)(du)比(bi)其(qi)(qi)可溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)性(xing)(xing)還要高的(de)(de)時候，這(zhe)種溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)便(bian)稱為過(guo)(guo)飽和(he)(he)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)。暖(nuan)(nuan)手(shou)袋(dai)(dai)里的(de)(de)液(ye)體(ti)就(jiu)是(shi)過(guo)(guo)飽和(he)(he)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)醋酸鈉。由(you)于過(guo)(guo)飽和(he)(he)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)的(de)(de)濃(nong)度(du)(du)(du)太高，當(dang)扭曲金(jin)屬的(de)(de)時候,所(suo)產(chan)生的(de)(de)輕微震動(dong)便(bian)足以使溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)質結晶，變成(cheng)較穩定的(de)(de)固體(ti)。然而，這(zhe)個(ge)過(guo)(guo)程是(shi)放熱的(de)(de)，所(suo)以暖(nuan)(nuan)手(shou)袋(dai)(dai)告開始暖(nuan)(nuan)起(qi)來。只(zhi)要把充電熱水(shui)袋(dai)(dai)放入(ru)沸(fei)水(shui)中(zhong)加熱約10分鐘，凝結了的(de)(de)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)質便(bian)會再次溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)解；這(zhe)是(shi)由(you)于在(zai)高溫(wen)(wen)下，溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)質的(de)(de)可溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)性(xing)(xing)增加。在(zai)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)解的(de)(de)過(guo)(guo)程中(zhong)，溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)質進行吸熱反(fan)應，再次成(cheng)為過(guo)(guo)飽和(he)(he)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)。

三、電熱水袋分類

按產品結構分類

電(dian)暖寶(bao)產品按有電(dian)熱(re)餅、電(dian)熱(re)水袋和電(dian)暖式暖手寶(bao)。

固體電熱餅

其填充(chong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)棉(如：陶瓷棉等(deng)其他的(de))，使用電(dian)(dian)熱(re)(re)(re)絲加(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)，將熱(re)(re)(re)量(liang)傳遞給石棉或(huo)玻(bo)璃(li)纖(xian)維保(bao)熱(re)(re)(re)。工作(zuo)原理是(shi)(shi)(shi)：用雙(shuang)控溫(wen)(wen)電(dian)(dian)熱(re)(re)(re)儲(chu)能(neng)式結構,逐漸(jian)釋放(fang)熱(re)(re)(re)能(neng)。內(nei)設自(zi)動過熱(re)(re)(re)保(bao)護(hu)裝置(zhi)及自(zi)動保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)指示裝置(zhi)，一(yi)個(ge)由(you)PTC熱(re)(re)(re)敏電(dian)(dian)阻開(kai)關控制的(de)小電(dian)(dian)爐，PTC是(shi)(shi)(shi)正溫(wen)(wen)度(du)系數的(de)熱(re)(re)(re)敏電(dian)(dian)阻，當電(dian)(dian)流通過時自(zi)身會(hui)(hui)發熱(re)(re)(re)(電(dian)(dian)爐的(de)熱(re)(re)(re)量(liang)也會(hui)(hui)傳導給它(ta)的(de))，當溫(wen)(wen)度(du)到達(da)一(yi)定值時，它(ta)的(de)電(dian)(dian)阻會(hui)(hui)急劇(ju)增大，可以視(shi)為(wei)(wei)斷開(kai)，此時電(dian)(dian)暖寶(bao)減少(shao)消(xiao)耗的(de)電(dian)(dian)能(neng)，之后(hou)靠保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)棉對電(dian)(dian)路的(de)保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)來緩慢放(fang)熱(re)(re)(re)。這(zhe)種電(dian)(dian)暖寶(bao)保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)時間長，缺點是(shi)(shi)(shi)它(ta)無法(fa)徹底切斷電(dian)(dian)路，為(wei)(wei)了預防萬(wan)一(yi)，加(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)時不(bu)可離(li)人，且加(jia)熱(re)(re)(re)完(wan)成后(hou)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)較高，在使用時必須套上(shang)布袋，以免燙傷。目前，市(shi)面上(shang)的(de)電(dian)(dian)暖寶(bao)很少(shao)使用這(zhe)種控制方(fang)式。

電熱水袋

軟質(zhi)液體電(dian)(dian)熱寶(bao)使(shi)用(yong)新技術儲能發熱劑，加熱升溫迅速(su)。一次性(xing)注(zhu)水(shui)(shui)，永久使(shi)用(yong)，獨特防爆(bao)免燙和溫控保護裝置；使(shi)用(yong)壽命(ming)長(chang)：保溫持久等優(you)勢(shi)。由(you)于用(yong)戶無需(xu)注(zhu)水(shui)(shui)即(ji)可直(zhi)接使(shi)用(yong)，免去了傳統(tong)熱水(shui)(shui)袋頻(pin)繁換水(shui)(shui)帶來的麻煩和不安全(quan)。從電(dian)(dian)熱水(shui)(shui)袋的發熱原理看，這(zhe)種電(dian)(dian)暖(nuan)寶(bao)有電(dian)(dian)極(ji)式和電(dian)(dian)熱元件(jian)式兩大(da)類。其中(zhong)，電(dian)(dian)極(ji)式電(dian)(dian)暖(nuan)寶(bao)由(you)于兩個電(dian)(dian)極(ji)(或螺絲)直(zhi)接裸露在水(shui)(shui)中(zhong)，造(zao)成的漏電(dian)(dian)風險(xian)也(ye)很大(da)。

電池式暖手寶

這種(zhong)產(chan)品(pin)使用內(nei)置鋰電(dian)(dian)池亦或是(shi)(shi)使用5號(hao)電(dian)(dian)池進(jin)行供電(dian)(dian)驅動(dong)，利用電(dian)(dian)阻產(chan)生熱(re)量(liang)的原理進(jin)行暖(nuan)(nuan)手(shou)。目前該款產(chan)品(pin)在(zai)(zai)2010年(nian)由日(ri)本三洋公司(si)在(zai)(zai)世界率先推出，之后尤其是(shi)(shi)2011年(nian)冬開(kai)始被(bei)眾多廠家模仿，但產(chan)品(pin)品(pin)質(zhi)一直未被(bei)超越。這種(zhong)產(chan)品(pin)對比(bi)前兩(liang)種(zhong)類(lei)型(xing)，加熱(re)不(bu)受(shou)市電(dian)(dian)供電(dian)(dian)加熱(re)的約束，可(ke)將溫(wen)度迅速提升至(zhi)40℃以(yi)內(nei)，對于內(nei)置鋰電(dian)(dian)池型(xing)可(ke)以(yi)充(chong)滿(man)電(dian)(dian)以(yi)備需要時(shi)開(kai)啟使用，而采用5號(hao)電(dian)(dian)池型(xing)則更方便隨(sui)時(shi)隨(sui)地(di)更換，尤其適合外出。產(chan)品(pin)優點：隨(sui)時(shi)隨(sui)地(di)取暖(nuan)(nuan)，不(bu)受(shou)市電(dian)(dian)影響，體積(ji)輕巧(qiao)，恒溫(wen)加熱(re)在(zai)(zai)40℃人體正常取暖(nuan)(nuan)所需的安全溫(wen)度以(yi)內(nei)，十分安全;缺(que)點：由于產(chan)品(pin)體積(ji)小巧(qiao)，直接導致電(dian)(dian)池容量(liang)不(bu)理想，導熱(re)時(shi)間(jian)不(bu)夠(gou)長(chang)，通(tong)常最長(chang)為1小時(shi)(高于此值，均為虛假宣(xuan)傳)，由于體積(ji)小，無法大面積(ji)取暖(nuan)(nuan)。

按發熱原理分類

電(dian)暖(nuan)寶分(fen)為電(dian)極(ji)式(shi)(shi)和電(dian)熱(re)(re)絲式(shi)(shi)兩種。其中，電(dian)極(ji)式(shi)(shi)電(dian)暖(nuan)寶中有正負兩個電(dian)極(ji)，直接和袋中的液體(ti)(ti)(ti)(電(dian)解質溶液)接觸，電(dian)極(ji)通電(dian)后，溶液就(jiu)帶電(dian)加(jia)熱(re)(re)，加(jia)熱(re)(re)時間較(jiao)短(約2～8分(fen)鐘(zhong))，但液體(ti)(ti)(ti)膨脹較(jiao)快，容易爆炸。電(dian)熱(re)(re)絲式(shi)(shi)電(dian)暖(nuan)寶中有一個絕緣體(ti)(ti)(ti)線圈(quan)，摸(mo)上去體(ti)(ti)(ti)積比電(dian)極(ji)式(shi)(shi)發熱(re)(re)體(ti)(ti)(ti)明顯(xian)要大(da)。