一、壓縮空氣儲能原理是什么

壓(ya)縮空(kong)氣儲(chu)能主要利用電網負荷低(di)谷時的剩余電力壓(ya)縮空(kong)氣，并將其儲(chu)藏在高(gao)壓(ya)密(mi)封設施內，在用電高(gao)峰(feng)釋放出來驅(qu)動燃(ran)氣輪機發電，壓(ya)縮空(kong)氣儲(chu)能原理如(ru)下(xia)：

壓縮空氣儲能是利用電(dian)(dian)(dian)力系(xi)統負荷低谷時的(de)剩余電(dian)(dian)(dian)量，由電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)帶動(dong)空(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)壓縮(suo)機(ji)(ji)，將(jiang)空(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)壓入(ru)(ru)作為儲(chu)氣(qi)(qi)室的(de)密閉(bi)大容量地下空(kong)(kong)(kong)間，即將(jiang)不(bu)可儲(chu)存的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)轉化成可儲(chu)存的(de)壓縮(suo)空(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)的(de)氣(qi)(qi)壓勢能(neng)并儲(chu)存于貯氣(qi)(qi)室中。當系(xi)統發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)量不(bu)足時，將(jiang)壓縮(suo)空(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)經換(huan)熱器(qi)與(yu)油或天然氣(qi)(qi)混合燃(ran)燒，導入(ru)(ru)燃(ran)氣(qi)(qi)輪(lun)(lun)機(ji)(ji)做功(gong)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，滿足電(dian)(dian)(dian)力系(xi)統調(diao)峰需要。壓氣(qi)(qi)機(ji)(ji)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)、貯氣(qi)(qi)室等(deng)組(zu)成的(de)蓄能(neng)子(zi)系(xi)統將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)站低谷的(de)低價電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)通過(guo)壓縮(suo)空(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)儲(chu)存在巖穴、廢棄礦(kuang)井等(deng)貯氣(qi)(qi)室中，蓄能(neng)時通過(guo)聯軸器(qi)將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)和壓氣(qi)(qi)機(ji)(ji)耦(ou)合，與(yu)燃(ran)氣(qi)(qi)輪(lun)(lun)機(ji)(ji)解(jie)耦(ou)合。電(dian)(dian)(dian)力系(xi)統高(gao)峰負荷時，利用壓縮(suo)空(kong)(kong)(kong)氣(qi)(qi)燃(ran)燒驅(qu)動(dong)燃(ran)氣(qi)(qi)輪(lun)(lun)機(ji)(ji)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，燃(ran)氣(qi)(qi)輪(lun)(lun)機(ji)(ji)、燃(ran)燒室以及(ji)加熱器(qi)等(deng)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)子(zi)系(xi)統，發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時電(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)與(yu)燃(ran)氣(qi)(qi)輪(lun)(lun)機(ji)(ji)耦(ou)合，與(yu)壓氣(qi)(qi)機(ji)(ji)解(jie)耦(ou)合。

二、壓縮空氣儲能優缺點有哪些

1、壓縮空氣儲能主要優勢是(shi)規模大、壽(shou)命(ming)長、成(cheng)本較低和儲能時間(jian)(jian)長。它(ta)的規模可(ke)以(yi)達(da)(da)到百兆瓦級以(yi)上(shang)，儲能時間(jian)(jian)可(ke)達(da)(da)4—10小時，甚至更(geng)長。由于都(dou)是(shi)機械裝置，正常維(wei)護情況下壽(shou)命(ming)可(ke)達(da)(da)30—50年。

2、壓縮(suo)空(kong)氣儲能劣勢在(zai)于：

（1）目前(qian)壓縮空氣儲能(neng)的(de)效率(lv)約為70%，與效率(lv)較(jiao)高的(de)電池（85%—90%）相(xiang)比相(xiang)對較(jiao)低。

（2）響(xiang)應速(su)度沒(mei)有(you)電化(hua)學(xue)(xue)儲能快(kuai)，負(fu)荷從0到(dao)100%的正(zheng)常響(xiang)應時間需要(yao)3—9分鐘，而電化(hua)學(xue)(xue)儲能為(wei)秒(miao)級(ji)到(dao)毫秒(miao)級(ji)。壓縮(suo)空氣儲能系統只有(you)作為(wei)旋轉備用時才可(ke)以達到(dao)秒(miao)級(ji)。

（3）一般情況下不適合太(tai)(tai)小(xiao)規(gui)模的應用場景，規(gui)模太(tai)(tai)小(xiao)，系統效率會(hui)下降，單位成(cheng)本會(hui)增(zeng)加。