一、壓縮空氣儲能原理是什么

壓(ya)縮空氣(qi)儲能主(zhu)要(yao)利用電(dian)網負荷低谷時的剩余電(dian)力壓(ya)縮空氣(qi)，并將其儲藏在高壓(ya)密封設(she)施內(nei)，在用電(dian)高峰釋(shi)放出(chu)來驅動(dong)燃氣(qi)輪機發電(dian)，壓(ya)縮空氣(qi)儲能原理如下：

壓縮空氣儲能是利(li)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系(xi)統(tong)負荷(he)低(di)谷時(shi)的剩余電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)，由電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)帶動(dong)空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)縮(suo)(suo)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)，將(jiang)(jiang)空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)入(ru)作為(wei)儲(chu)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)室(shi)的密閉大容量(liang)地下空間，即將(jiang)(jiang)不可儲(chu)存的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能轉化成可儲(chu)存的壓(ya)(ya)(ya)縮(suo)(suo)空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)勢能并儲(chu)存于貯氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)室(shi)中(zhong)。當系(xi)統(tong)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)不足時(shi)，將(jiang)(jiang)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)縮(suo)(suo)空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)經換熱器與(yu)(yu)油或天然氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)混合(he)(he)燃(ran)(ran)燒(shao)，導入(ru)燃(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)做功發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，滿足電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系(xi)統(tong)調(diao)峰需要。壓(ya)(ya)(ya)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、貯氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)室(shi)等(deng)組成的蓄(xu)能子系(xi)統(tong)將(jiang)(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)站(zhan)低(di)谷的低(di)價電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能通過壓(ya)(ya)(ya)縮(suo)(suo)空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)儲(chu)存在巖穴(xue)、廢棄礦井等(deng)貯氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)室(shi)中(zhong)，蓄(xu)能時(shi)通過聯軸器將(jiang)(jiang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)和(he)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)耦(ou)(ou)合(he)(he)，與(yu)(yu)燃(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)解耦(ou)(ou)合(he)(he)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)力(li)系(xi)統(tong)高(gao)峰負荷(he)時(shi)，利(li)用(yong)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)縮(suo)(suo)空氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)燃(ran)(ran)燒(shao)驅動(dong)燃(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，燃(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)、燃(ran)(ran)燒(shao)室(shi)以及加熱器等(deng)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子系(xi)統(tong)，發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)與(yu)(yu)燃(ran)(ran)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)輪(lun)(lun)(lun)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)耦(ou)(ou)合(he)(he)，與(yu)(yu)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)氣(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)解耦(ou)(ou)合(he)(he)。

二、壓縮空氣儲能優缺點有哪些

1、壓縮空氣儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)主(zhu)要優勢是(shi)規模大、壽命長、成本(ben)較低和儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)時間(jian)長。它(ta)的規模可(ke)(ke)以(yi)達到(dao)百兆瓦級以(yi)上，儲(chu)能(neng)(neng)(neng)時間(jian)可(ke)(ke)達4—10小時，甚至更(geng)長。由于(yu)都是(shi)機械裝置，正(zheng)常維護情(qing)況下(xia)壽命可(ke)(ke)達30—50年。

2、壓縮空氣儲能劣勢在(zai)于(yu)：

（1）目(mu)前壓(ya)縮空氣儲能的效率約(yue)為70%，與效率較高(gao)的電池（85%—90%）相比相對較低。

（2）響(xiang)(xiang)應速度(du)沒有電(dian)化學儲能(neng)快(kuai)，負荷從0到(dao)100%的(de)正常(chang)響(xiang)(xiang)應時(shi)間需要(yao)3—9分鐘，而電(dian)化學儲能(neng)為(wei)(wei)秒級(ji)到(dao)毫秒級(ji)。壓縮空(kong)氣儲能(neng)系統(tong)只有作為(wei)(wei)旋轉備(bei)用時(shi)才可以達到(dao)秒級(ji)。

（3）一般情況下不適(shi)合太小規模的(de)應用場(chang)景，規模太小，系統效率(lv)會下降，單位成本(ben)會增(zeng)加。