一、聲控開關的原理是什么

隨著智能家居的普及，聲控開關逐漸成為人們生活中的一種智能化控制方式。聲控開關可以通過人們的語音指令，實現對燈光、電器等設備的開關和調節，方便快捷。那么，聲控開關的原理是什么呢？

原理分析：聲(sheng)控(kong)開關內有一麥克(ke)風、光敏(min)電阻(zu)(zu)、三極(ji)管、電容(rong)器等電子(zi)元件，白天的時候，由(you)于光敏(min)電阻(zu)(zu)的阻(zu)(zu)值較小。就會屏蔽掉(diao)麥克(ke)風的信號(hao)輸入(ru)。這樣即使有很大的聲(sheng)音。但是因為(wei)光敏(min)電阻(zu)(zu)的下拉導(dao)致信號(hao)無法繼續傳送，所以白天不亮(liang) 。

夜(ye)晚(wan)的時(shi)候，光敏(min)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻阻值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)變大(da)(da)(da)。此(ci)時(shi)如果有較大(da)(da)(da)的聲音的話。聲音會通過麥克風轉化為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)信號(hao)。然后(hou)后(hou)級(ji)的放(fang)大(da)(da)(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)將此(ci)小(xiao)(xiao)信號(hao)放(fang)大(da)(da)(da)。最后(hou)推(tui)動(dong)晶(jing)(jing)閘管(guan)導通，此(ci)時(shi)燈泡就(jiu)會點亮。在晶(jing)(jing)閘管(guan)驅動(dong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)中有一個阻容放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)。這個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)就(jiu)是(shi)延時(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的大(da)(da)(da)小(xiao)(xiao)和電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻值(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的大(da)(da)(da)小(xiao)(xiao)都會影響到(dao)延時(shi)量的變化。當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容器中的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)荷放(fang)盡的時(shi)候，晶(jing)(jing)閘管(guan)就(jiu)會在交流過零后(hou)自動(dong)關(guan)閉(bi)，此(ci)時(shi)燈泡就(jiu)會熄滅了

二、聲控開關的優缺點介紹

1、聲控開關優點

（1）發聲啟控

聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)控(kong)(kong)開關(guan)(guan)由聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)音的大小來(lai)控(kong)(kong)制開關(guan)(guan)，點亮(liang)(liang)燈光(guang)(guang)。聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)音可(ke)以是腳步聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、喊(han)叫聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、吹口哨等(deng)只要在聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)控(kong)(kong)開關(guan)(guan)附近發出響(xiang)亮(liang)(liang)的聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)音，都可(ke)立即啟動開關(guan)(guan)讓燈光(guang)(guang)明(ming)亮(liang)(liang)起(qi)來(lai)，使(shi)用(yong)非常簡單，一試便(bian)會。對于家(jia)中(zhong)雙手有不方便(bian)的人來(lai)說，用(yong)聲(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)音控(kong)(kong)制燈會很安全、便(bian)利。

（2）延時自關

聲(sheng)控開關通過聲(sheng)音啟動(dong)(dong)后(hou)(hou)會(hui)(hui)自(zi)動(dong)(dong)打開燈光，然后(hou)(hou)延長一(yi)段設(she)置的時間(jian)，一(yi)般是十秒左(zuo)右(you)，之后(hou)(hou)燈光會(hui)(hui)自(zi)動(dong)(dong)滅(mie)掉。這樣延時的開啟、關閉設(she)置，人來(lai)燈亮、人去燈熄，避免家(jia)中(zhong)電(dian)能的浪費，一(yi)定(ding)程度上節(jie)約(yue)了生活(huo)電(dian)費開支(zhi)，同時方(fang)便黑暗中(zhong)摸(mo)索尋找(zhao)開關的麻煩，尤(you)其對于上下樓來(lai)說會(hui)(hui)更為方(fang)便，不會(hui)(hui)發生不安全的因素。

（3）延長(chang)燈泡的使(shi)用(yong)壽命

燈(deng)(deng)泡(pao)短時(shi)(shi)間提供(gong)照明需(xu)要，會自動滅掉，一(yi)般燈(deng)(deng)泡(pao)的(de)使用(yong)(yong)壽(shou)命(ming)為(wei)800—2000小時(shi)(shi)，聲控開(kai)關控制的(de)燈(deng)(deng)泡(pao)，其(qi)壽(shou)命(ming)會比一(yi)般燈(deng)(deng)泡(pao)使用(yong)(yong)更長久。對于家庭而言免(mian)去了(le)常換(huan)燈(deng)(deng)泡(pao)的(de)煩惱，節省(sheng)資(zi)金的(de)同(tong)時(shi)(shi)避(bi)免(mian)了(le)麻煩。

2、聲控開關缺點

聲控(kong)(kong)開(kai)(kai)關主要(yao)適用鎢絲燈(deng)(deng)，即傳統燈(deng)(deng)泡。這是因為聲光控(kong)(kong)開(kai)(kai)關通過電(dian)子回路(lu)啟動(dong)，帶整流器的燈(deng)(deng)由(you)于啟動(dong)電(dian)流大，容易(yi)造成電(dian)子元件的擊穿，導致開(kai)(kai)關損(sun)壞。由(you)于聲光控(kong)(kong)開(kai)(kai)關啟動(dong)關閉(bi)頻繁，會縮短節(jie)能燈(deng)(deng)這類(lei)燈(deng)(deng)具的壽命(ming)，同時也(ye)不能在(zai)關閉(bi)之(zhi)前達到(dao)鹵素燈(deng)(deng)這類(lei)燈(deng)(deng)具的最佳亮(liang)度，因此大部分(fen)的燈(deng)(deng)具都不適用。

總的(de)來(lai)說(shuo)，聲控開關在近(jin)段時(shi)間興起，也(ye)深受(shou)人們喜愛，但同時(shi)它既有優點也(ye)有缺點，大家需要(yao)慎重考慮選(xuan)購。