一、鋰電池電芯由什么構成
鋰電池主要由電芯和保護板(ban)兩(liang)部分(fen)組成。PCM動(dong)力電(dian)(dian)(dian)池一般稱(cheng)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)池管(guan)理(li)系統BMS。電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)心(xin)臟(zang),管(guan)理(li)系統相當于鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的(de)大腦,電(dian)(dian)(dian)池主(zhu)要由正(zheng)極(ji)構成。目前市場上的(de)鋰離子(zi)二次電(dian)(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)解液主(zhu)要由碳酸(suan)鹽(yan)類有機溶(rong)劑六氟磷酸(suan)鋰和一些添加劑組成。電(dian)(dian)(dian)芯主(zhu)要由正(zheng)極(ji)板(ban)、隔膜、負(fu)極(ji)板(ban)電(dian)(dian)(dian)解液組成。層(ceng)壓、封(feng)裝、填(tian)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)解液、封(feng)裝。
而鋰(li)離子電池(chi)電芯(xin)由正極(ji)、負(fu)極(ji)、隔膜、電解液(ye)、外殼(ke)(ke)五部分組成(cheng)。正極(ji)活(huo)性物質為鈷酸鋰(li)或(huo)其他鋰(li)氧(yang)化物,如錳酸鋰(li)三元材料(liao)等,負(fu)極(ji)石(shi)墨電解液(ye)為六氟磷酸鋰(li)溶解于(yu)多種混合溶劑(ji),制(zhi)成(cheng)隔膜PPPE材質,外殼(ke)(ke)一般有鋁殼(ke)(ke)和(he)鋼殼(ke)(ke)。
二、鋰電池電芯是什么材料
鋰電池(chi)電芯具有高能(neng)量密度(du)、長壽命、環保等特點,廣泛(fan)應用于移動電源、儲能(neng)系(xi)統(tong)、智能(neng)終端等領域。鋰電池(chi)電芯的材料類型(xing)如下:
1、正極材料
鋰電(dian)池(chi)電(dian)芯(xin)的正極材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)一般為(wei)鈷酸鋰、三元材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)或(huo)鐵鋰材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)。其中(zhong),鈷酸鋰材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)能(neng)(neng)夠提供(gong)較高(gao)的放電(dian)電(dian)壓(ya)和能(neng)(neng)量密度(du),但價格較貴(gui);三元材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)價格適中(zhong),能(neng)(neng)夠提供(gong)較好的性能(neng)(neng)表(biao)現;鐵鋰材(cai)(cai)料(liao)(liao)價格相(xiang)對便宜(yi),但能(neng)(neng)量密度(du)較低。
2、負極材料
鋰電池電芯的負極材(cai)料一般(ban)為石墨材(cai)料。石墨材(cai)料具(ju)有(you)較好的導電性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)和(he)穩定(ding)性(xing)(xing),能(neng)(neng)夠承受較大的電化學反應,但在高溫(wen)環境下易發(fa)生導電性(xing)(xing)能(neng)(neng)下降和(he)容(rong)量(liang)衰減等問題。
3、電解液
鋰電(dian)池(chi)電(dian)芯的電(dian)解(jie)(jie)液一般為(wei)有機液體(ti)(ti)(ti)電(dian)解(jie)(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)、聚(ju)合物(wu)電(dian)解(jie)(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)或無(wu)機固(gu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)電(dian)解(jie)(jie)體(ti)(ti)(ti)。有機液體(ti)(ti)(ti)電(dian)解(jie)(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)具(ju)有良好的導電(dian)性(xing)能和(he)電(dian)化學穩定性(xing),但在高溫(wen)環境(jing)下易(yi)燃易(yi)爆(bao);聚(ju)合物(wu)電(dian)解(jie)(jie)質(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)的熱穩定性(xing)和(he)電(dian)化學穩定性(xing)較(jiao)強,但導電(dian)性(xing)能較(jiao)差;無(wu)機固(gu)體(ti)(ti)(ti)電(dian)解(jie)(jie)體(ti)(ti)(ti)具(ju)有較(jiao)強的電(dian)導率和(he)穩定性(xing),但價格較(jiao)高。