舞龍的種類有多少種
1、舞龍頭
舞龍(long)頭是福建舍族祭(ji)祖活動(dong)中的一種儀(yi)式,由日、月(yue)、星等組成(cheng)儀(yi)仗隊。龍(long)頭用木雕成(cheng),涂上(shang)色(se)彩,顯(xian)得古(gu)樸(pu)、莊嚴。祭(ji)祖時,執龍(long)頭者隨著(zhu)鼓點(dian)作出(chu)各種動(dong)作,或進或退,或舞或止,或跳或蹲,有一定(ding)章法(fa)。
2、舞麻龍
舞麻龍流傳在四川濟州龍溪一帶羌族人民之中,是祭祖中的一項體育活動。近年(nian)來羌(qiang)族人民(min)對舞麻龍這項(xiang)活動加以改(gai)進,剔去糟粕,取其精華(hua),保留了耍花(hua)棒、龍鳳相會、神棍(gun)戲麻龍、跳神棍(gun)、麻龍追彩霞等(deng)套路動作。
3、舞草龍
舞草龍(long)(long)是他佬族游藝(yi)習俗。草龍(long)(long)用禾稈(gan)草編(bian)成(cheng)。編(bian)織者先編(bian)一條長長的(de)草簾,編(bian)到最(zui)后(hou)分三(san)個(ge)叉略往上翹起,象征“龍(long)(long)尾”;把草簾的(de)另一頭反折一層(ceng)做(zuo)兩個(ge)彎角翹起,形似“龍(long)(long)頭”;中(zhong)間每隔約(yue)2m扎一小捆橢圓形禾草,串(chuan)上一根(gen)竹子做(zuo)“龍(long)(long)身(shen)”。
4、蘇莊舞草龍
浙江省(sheng)衢州市(shi)開化(hua)縣(xian)蘇(su)莊(zhuang)鎮(zhen)的(de)舞草(cao)(cao)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)又稱草(cao)(cao)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)、稻草(cao)(cao)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)或(huo)(huo)香龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)。草(cao)(cao)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)捆扎以(yi)稻草(cao)(cao)搓成(cheng)(cheng)粗大(da)繩索,再扎成(cheng)(cheng)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)首龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)尾,形(xing)同長龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long),繩索上插(cha)上點燃的(de)香枝。相傳唐代便有迎草(cao)(cao)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)送龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long)神活動,一直延傳至今。每(mei)年中秋之夜,蘇(su)莊(zhuang)鎮(zhen)各村農民(min)高(gao)擎香火草(cao)(cao)龍(long)(long)(long)(long)(long),或(huo)(huo)穿(chuan)梭于(yu)(yu)村中大(da)道,或(huo)(huo)起舞于(yu)(yu)曬(shai)場田野。
5、潑水龍
潑水(shui)(shui)龍(long)是湖南(nan)湘(xiang)西土家族祭神求(qiu)(qiu)雨(yu)的儀式,一旦出(chu)現旱(han)災,當地頭面人物就會出(chu)來組織潑水(shui)(shui)龍(long),演(yan)(yan)出(chu)極其(qi)隆重(zhong)。表(biao)演(yan)(yan)時(shi)有(you)龍(long)頭1個,龍(long)身9或11節,都不糊紙,不披布,只通插柳(liu)條,取(qu)“愿得柳(liu)枝甘露水(shui)(shui)”之意(yi),并有(you)魚、蝦、蚌、蛤等執(zhi)事陪襯。表(biao)演(yan)(yan)時(shi)赤膊者(zhe)沿街舞龍(long),圍觀者(zhe)以水(shui)(shui)潑之,舞龍(long)人被淋得全身濕(shi)透,以此祈求(qiu)(qiu)天降大(da)雨(yu),水(shui)(shui)越多則預示雨(yu)越大(da),故(gu)周圍村寨(zhai)人人參加。舞龍(long)和(he)執(zhi)事者(zhe)無特(te)殊要求(qiu)(qiu),但龍(long)前(qian)執(zhi)龍(long)珠(zhu)者(zhe)須有(you)武(wu)功,按(an)“四(si)門(men)架子(zi)”、“八虎(hu)拳”、“蘇公(gong)背箭”、“猛虎(hu)跳澗”等套路表(biao)演(yan)(yan),相沿成習。
6、香火龍
香火龍流傳已(yi)久,在(zai)湖(hu)南(nan)汝(ru)城縣(xian)志早有記載,其南(nan)鄉一帶較為盛行,多在(zai)元宵佳節舉行。表演香火龍時,必(bi)有兩(liang)龍(母龍和子(zi)(zi)龍)、兩(liang)獅(shi)(母獅(shi)和子(zi)(zi)獅(shi))陪(pei)隨而舞,一獅(shi)在(zai)龍前引(yin)路,一獅(shi)在(zai)龍尾跟隨。
香火龍的表(biao)演(yan)程序上有:翻滾、噴水、沉海底、跳(tiao)躍、吞(tun)食(shi)、睡眠等動(dong)作。“沉海底”和(he)“吞(tun)食(shi)”表(biao)演(yan)技巧上難度(du)較高。引路和(he)尾隨(sui)的兩頭獅子(zi),除各(ge)自作翻滾跳(tiao)躍的動(dong)作外,還作些引龍和(he)隨(sui)龍“護駕”動(dong)作。
7、百葉龍
浙江省流(liu)行的(de)“百葉龍(long)(long)”,是(shi)一種構思、制(zhi)作(zuo)均極奇巧的(de)龍(long)(long)。舞(wu)者手執荷(he)花(hua)(hua)(hua)燈(deng)、荷(he)葉燈(deng)、蝴(hu)蝶燈(deng),翩(pian)翩(pian)起舞(wu)。人們(men)只見朵(duo)朵(duo)盛開的(de)荷(he)花(hua)(hua)(hua),在(zai)片片荷(he)葉中(zhong)(zhong)飄(piao)移、舞(wu)動(dong),似一只美麗(li)的(de)蝴(hu)蝶在(zai)花(hua)(hua)(hua)叢中(zhong)(zhong)飛(fei)翔。一段優美抒情的(de)舞(wu)蹈后,舞(wu)者齊聚場中(zhong)(zhong),突然間,一條巨龍(long)(long)在(zai)人們(men)的(de)眼前騰躍而出(chu)。原來(lai)那一朵(duo)特(te)大(da)的(de)茶花(hua)(hua)(hua)燈(deng)(或(huo)聚寶盆),背(bei)面繪(hui)制(zhi)的(de)是(shi)一個輝煌壯麗(li)的(de)龍(long)(long)頭,朵(duo)朵(duo)荷(he)花(hua)(hua)(hua)緊緊相扣連,組(zu)成(cheng)龍(long)(long)身(shen),片片花(hua)(hua)(hua)瓣,變(bian)成(cheng)龍(long)(long)身(shen)上的(de)片片鱗甲,美麗(li)的(de)蝴(hu)蝶成(cheng)了(le)抖擺的(de)龍(long)(long)尾,而荷(he)葉則成(cheng)了(le)朵(duo)朵(duo)白云。舞(wu)龍(long)(long)的(de)姑(gu)娘們(men)喜(xi)歡(huan)一塵(chen)不染的(de)荷(he)花(hua)(hua)(hua),就把天性神秘、時而神形(xing)畢露。時而隱(yin)身(shen)藏形(xing)、時而又依附在(zai)各(ge)種物體(ti)上招搖過(guo)市的(de)龍(long)(long)與荷(he)花(hua)(hua)(hua)聯綴(zhui)一體(ti),舞(wu)起了(le)荷(he)花(hua)(hua)(hua)龍(long)(long),讓氣(qi)(qi)吞(tun)萬里的(de)神龍(long)(long)平添(tian)一股嫵媚之氣(qi)(qi)。
8、燒火龍
燒火(huo)龍又叫(jiao)舞火(huo)龍,是(shi)流傳于廣東豐順一帶(dai)的(de)(de)獨特的(de)(de)民間傳統項(xiang)目,一般(ban)在春節和元宵夜舉行。
燒火(huo)龍(long)(long)的(de)(de)(de)(de)“火(huo)龍(long)(long)”,是(shi)用紙扎成(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de),長15~20米(mi),分為五(wu)節,四周(zhou)扎滿五(wu)顏六色的(de)(de)(de)(de)鞭(bian)炮(pao)。起(qi)舞(wu)前,先(xian)(xian)燃響(xiang)鞭(bian)炮(pao),以(yi)引龍(long)(long)出海。然后一(yi)隊(dui)赤膊袒胸(xiong)、舉著(zhu)(zhu)火(huo)棍的(de)(de)(de)(de)舞(wu)火(huo)龍(long)(long)者,隨著(zhu)(zhu)快(kuai)速的(de)(de)(de)(de)鑼鼓聲在(zai)場(chang)(chang)上(shang)(shang)快(kuai)跑(pao),反復(fu)三次,名叫(jiao)“請(qing)龍(long)(long)”。接著(zhu)(zhu),“火(huo)龍(long)(long)”出場(chang)(chang)了(le),它在(zai)場(chang)(chang)上(shang)(shang)繞著(zhu)(zhu)大圈子,先(xian)(xian)從龍(long)(long)嘴中噴出火(huo)來(lai),然后,龍(long)(long)身上(shang)(shang)扎著(zhu)(zhu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)鞭(bian)炮(pao)被點燃了(le),從頭(tou)至尾,火(huo)光四射,霹靂連聲。巨大的(de)(de)(de)(de)龍(long)(long)身就(jiu)在(zai)煙(yan)火(huo)和爆響(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)包圍之中,上(shang)(shang)下翻(fan)飛,左右騰舞(wu),煞是(shi)好看。此時(shi),預先(xian)(xian)準備在(zai)場(chang)(chang)上(shang)(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)煙(yan)花(hua)架,朝天射出串串煙(yan)花(hua),五(wu)彩繽紛,摧(cui)級奪目,從而把舞(wu)火(huo)龍(long)(long)推向高潮。整個活動持(chi)續十多(duo)分鐘,待煙(yan)火(huo)熄滅(mie),火(huo)龍(long)(long)也被燒掉了(le)。而舞(wu)火(huo)龍(long)(long)者的(de)(de)(de)(de)胳膊上(shang)(shang)、胸(xiong)脯(fu)上(shang)(shang)灼起(qi)一(yi)個個血(xue)泡,以(yi)血(xue)泡最(zui)多(duo)者為“吉利”。
舞龍的風格有哪些
1、南龍
南(nan)龍龍身厚重,風格主攻氣勢二字,雖不夠靈活,但氣勢浩大(da),以楊店高龍、黃(huang)陂舞(wu)龍為(wei)代表。
2、北龍
北龍較(jiao)為細小(xiao)和輕(qing)巧,更適于做各種花款動作,如今在東(dong)南亞等地流行的,也是北龍。
舞龍是哪里的非遺
舞(wu)(wu)龍是甘(gan)肅省(sheng)酒泉(quan)(quan)市肅州(zhou)區傳統舞(wu)(wu)蹈(dao),甘(gan)肅省(sheng)市(州(zhou))級非物質文化遺產之一。保護單位為(wei)酒泉(quan)(quan)市肅州(zhou)區文化館。
龍(long)舞(wu)(wu)(wu),也稱“舞(wu)(wu)(wu)龍(long)”,民間又叫“耍龍(long)”“耍龍(long)燈”或(huo)“舞(wu)(wu)(wu)龍(long)燈”,在(zai)全(quan)國(guo)多(duo)(duo)地(di)分(fen)布,形(xing)式品種多(duo)(duo)樣。早在(zai)商(shang)代(dai)的(de)(de)甲(jia)骨(gu)文(wen)(wen)(wen)中,已出現(xian)以數人集(ji)體(ti)祭龍(long)求雨的(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)字;漢代(dai)董仲舒《春秋繁露》的(de)(de)記(ji)錄(lu)中已有明確的(de)(de)有關舞(wu)(wu)(wu)龍(long)求雨的(de)(de)記(ji)載;此后歷朝(chao)歷代(dai)的(de)(de)詩文(wen)(wen)(wen)中記(ji)錄(lu)宮廷或(huo)民間舞(wu)(wu)(wu)龍(long)的(de)(de)文(wen)(wen)(wen)字屢(lv)見(jian)不鮮。直至現(xian)在(zai),龍(long)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)仍是(shi)民間喜(xi)慶節令場(chang)合普遍存在(zai)的(de)(de)舞(wu)(wu)(wu)蹈形(xing)式之一。舞(wu)(wu)(wu)龍(long)是(shi)國(guo)家級非(fei)遺代(dai)表性項目,很多(duo)(duo)地(di)方都有。