舞龍的種類有多少種
1、舞龍頭
舞(wu)龍頭是福建(jian)舍族祭祖活動中(zhong)的一(yi)種(zhong)儀式,由(you)日、月、星等組成儀仗(zhang)隊。龍頭用木雕成,涂上(shang)色(se)彩,顯得古樸、莊嚴(yan)。祭祖時,執龍頭者隨(sui)著鼓點(dian)作(zuo)(zuo)出各種(zhong)動作(zuo)(zuo),或進或退,或舞(wu)或止,或跳或蹲(dun),有一(yi)定章法。
2、舞麻龍
舞麻龍流傳在四川濟州龍溪一帶羌族人民之中,是祭祖中的一項體育活動。近年來羌族(zu)人民(min)對舞麻龍(long)這項活動加以(yi)改進,剔(ti)去糟粕(po),取其精華(hua),保留了(le)耍花棒、龍(long)鳳相會、神棍戲(xi)麻龍(long)、跳神棍、麻龍(long)追彩霞等套路(lu)動作。
3、舞草龍
舞草(cao)龍(long)是他佬族游藝習俗。草(cao)龍(long)用禾(he)稈草(cao)編(bian)成。編(bian)織者先編(bian)一(yi)條長(chang)長(chang)的草(cao)簾,編(bian)到最(zui)后分三個(ge)叉略往上翹(qiao)起,象征“龍(long)尾”;把草(cao)簾的另一(yi)頭反折一(yi)層做(zuo)兩個(ge)彎角翹(qiao)起,形(xing)似“龍(long)頭”;中間每(mei)隔約2m扎一(yi)小捆(kun)橢圓(yuan)形(xing)禾(he)草(cao),串上一(yi)根竹子做(zuo)“龍(long)身”。
4、蘇莊舞草龍
浙江省衢(qu)州市開(kai)化縣蘇(su)莊鎮的舞草(cao)(cao)(cao)龍(long)(long)(long)又稱(cheng)草(cao)(cao)(cao)龍(long)(long)(long)、稻草(cao)(cao)(cao)龍(long)(long)(long)或香(xiang)龍(long)(long)(long)。草(cao)(cao)(cao)龍(long)(long)(long)捆扎(zha)以稻草(cao)(cao)(cao)搓成粗大繩索,再扎(zha)成龍(long)(long)(long)首(shou)龍(long)(long)(long)尾,形(xing)同長龍(long)(long)(long),繩索上(shang)插上(shang)點燃的香(xiang)枝(zhi)。相傳(chuan)唐代便有迎草(cao)(cao)(cao)龍(long)(long)(long)送龍(long)(long)(long)神活(huo)動,一直延傳(chuan)至今。每年中秋之夜(ye),蘇(su)莊鎮各村農民高擎香(xiang)火(huo)草(cao)(cao)(cao)龍(long)(long)(long),或穿(chuan)梭于村中大道,或起舞于曬場(chang)田野。
5、潑水龍
潑(po)(po)水(shui)龍(long)(long)(long)是湖(hu)南湘西土家族祭神求(qiu)雨(yu)的儀式,一旦出現旱災,當地頭面人(ren)物就會出來組織(zhi)潑(po)(po)水(shui)龍(long)(long)(long),演(yan)出極(ji)其(qi)隆(long)重(zhong)。表演(yan)時有(you)龍(long)(long)(long)頭1個,龍(long)(long)(long)身9或11節,都不(bu)(bu)糊紙,不(bu)(bu)披布,只通插(cha)柳條,取“愿得(de)柳枝甘露水(shui)”之意,并有(you)魚、蝦(xia)、蚌、蛤等執事陪(pei)襯。表演(yan)時赤膊者沿(yan)街舞龍(long)(long)(long),圍觀(guan)者以水(shui)潑(po)(po)之,舞龍(long)(long)(long)人(ren)被淋(lin)得(de)全身濕透(tou),以此祈(qi)求(qiu)天降大雨(yu),水(shui)越多(duo)則預示(shi)雨(yu)越大,故周圍村(cun)寨人(ren)人(ren)參加。舞龍(long)(long)(long)和(he)執事者無特殊(shu)要求(qiu),但龍(long)(long)(long)前執龍(long)(long)(long)珠者須有(you)武(wu)功,按“四門架子”、“八虎拳”、“蘇公背箭”、“猛虎跳澗”等套路表演(yan),相沿(yan)成習。
6、香火龍
香火龍(long)(long)流傳已久,在湖南(nan)汝城縣志早有記載,其南(nan)鄉一(yi)帶較為盛行(xing),多在元宵佳節舉(ju)行(xing)。表演香火龍(long)(long)時,必有兩龍(long)(long)(母龍(long)(long)和子龍(long)(long))、兩獅(shi)(母獅(shi)和子獅(shi))陪隨而舞,一(yi)獅(shi)在龍(long)(long)前引(yin)路,一(yi)獅(shi)在龍(long)(long)尾跟隨。
香(xiang)火龍的表(biao)演程(cheng)序上(shang)有:翻(fan)滾(gun)(gun)、噴水、沉海(hai)底、跳(tiao)躍、吞食(shi)、睡眠等動作(zuo)(zuo)。“沉海(hai)底”和“吞食(shi)”表(biao)演技巧(qiao)上(shang)難度較高。引路和尾(wei)隨的兩(liang)頭獅子,除各自作(zuo)(zuo)翻(fan)滾(gun)(gun)跳(tiao)躍的動作(zuo)(zuo)外,還作(zuo)(zuo)些引龍和隨龍“護駕”動作(zuo)(zuo)。
7、百葉龍
浙江省流(liu)行的(de)(de)(de)(de)“百葉龍(long)(long)(long)”,是一種構思(si)、制作均極奇巧的(de)(de)(de)(de)龍(long)(long)(long)。舞(wu)者手(shou)執荷(he)花(hua)(hua)燈(deng)、荷(he)葉燈(deng)、蝴蝶(die)(die)燈(deng),翩(pian)翩(pian)起舞(wu)。人們只見朵(duo)(duo)(duo)朵(duo)(duo)(duo)盛開的(de)(de)(de)(de)荷(he)花(hua)(hua),在片(pian)片(pian)荷(he)葉中(zhong)飄移(yi)、舞(wu)動,似一只美(mei)麗(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)蝴蝶(die)(die)在花(hua)(hua)叢中(zhong)飛翔。一段優美(mei)抒情(qing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)舞(wu)蹈后,舞(wu)者齊聚(ju)場中(zhong),突然間(jian),一條巨龍(long)(long)(long)在人們的(de)(de)(de)(de)眼(yan)前騰躍而(er)(er)出。原來那一朵(duo)(duo)(duo)特大(da)的(de)(de)(de)(de)茶花(hua)(hua)燈(deng)(或聚(ju)寶盆),背面繪制的(de)(de)(de)(de)是一個輝煌(huang)壯(zhuang)麗(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)龍(long)(long)(long)頭,朵(duo)(duo)(duo)朵(duo)(duo)(duo)荷(he)花(hua)(hua)緊緊相扣連,組成(cheng)龍(long)(long)(long)身,片(pian)片(pian)花(hua)(hua)瓣,變(bian)成(cheng)龍(long)(long)(long)身上的(de)(de)(de)(de)片(pian)片(pian)鱗甲(jia),美(mei)麗(li)的(de)(de)(de)(de)蝴蝶(die)(die)成(cheng)了抖擺的(de)(de)(de)(de)龍(long)(long)(long)尾,而(er)(er)荷(he)葉則成(cheng)了朵(duo)(duo)(duo)朵(duo)(duo)(duo)白(bai)云。舞(wu)龍(long)(long)(long)的(de)(de)(de)(de)姑娘們喜歡(huan)一塵不(bu)染的(de)(de)(de)(de)荷(he)花(hua)(hua),就(jiu)把(ba)天性神(shen)秘、時(shi)(shi)而(er)(er)神(shen)形(xing)畢露。時(shi)(shi)而(er)(er)隱(yin)身藏形(xing)、時(shi)(shi)而(er)(er)又依附在各(ge)種物(wu)體上招搖過市(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)龍(long)(long)(long)與荷(he)花(hua)(hua)聯(lian)綴(zhui)一體,舞(wu)起了荷(he)花(hua)(hua)龍(long)(long)(long),讓氣吞萬里的(de)(de)(de)(de)神(shen)龍(long)(long)(long)平添一股(gu)嫵(wu)媚之氣。
8、燒火龍
燒火龍又叫舞火龍,是流傳于廣(guang)東豐順一帶的獨特的民間傳統項目(mu),一般(ban)在春節和(he)元宵夜(ye)舉行。
燒(shao)火(huo)(huo)(huo)龍(long)(long)的(de)(de)“火(huo)(huo)(huo)龍(long)(long)”,是(shi)用紙(zhi)扎(zha)(zha)(zha)成的(de)(de),長15~20米,分為五節,四周扎(zha)(zha)(zha)滿五顏六色的(de)(de)鞭(bian)炮(pao)。起(qi)(qi)舞前,先燃響鞭(bian)炮(pao),以(yi)引龍(long)(long)出海(hai)。然后(hou)一隊赤膊(bo)袒胸、舉著火(huo)(huo)(huo)棍(gun)的(de)(de)舞火(huo)(huo)(huo)龍(long)(long)者,隨著快速的(de)(de)鑼鼓聲(sheng)在(zai)場上(shang)快跑,反復三次,名叫“請龍(long)(long)”。接著,“火(huo)(huo)(huo)龍(long)(long)”出場了(le),它在(zai)場上(shang)繞(rao)著大圈(quan)子,先從龍(long)(long)嘴中噴出火(huo)(huo)(huo)來(lai),然后(hou),龍(long)(long)身(shen)上(shang)扎(zha)(zha)(zha)著的(de)(de)鞭(bian)炮(pao)被點燃了(le),從頭至(zhi)尾(wei),火(huo)(huo)(huo)光(guang)四射,霹(pi)靂連聲(sheng)。巨大的(de)(de)龍(long)(long)身(shen)就(jiu)在(zai)煙火(huo)(huo)(huo)和爆(bao)響的(de)(de)包(bao)圍之中,上(shang)下翻飛,左右(you)騰(teng)舞,煞(sha)是(shi)好看。此(ci)時(shi),預先準備(bei)在(zai)場上(shang)的(de)(de)煙花(hua)架,朝(chao)天射出串串煙花(hua),五彩繽紛,摧(cui)級奪目(mu),從而(er)把(ba)舞火(huo)(huo)(huo)龍(long)(long)推(tui)向高潮。整(zheng)個活動持(chi)續十多分鐘,待煙火(huo)(huo)(huo)熄滅,火(huo)(huo)(huo)龍(long)(long)也被燒(shao)掉了(le)。而(er)舞火(huo)(huo)(huo)龍(long)(long)者的(de)(de)胳膊(bo)上(shang)、胸脯上(shang)灼起(qi)(qi)一個個血(xue)泡(pao),以(yi)血(xue)泡(pao)最多者為“吉利”。
舞龍的風格有哪些
1、南龍
南龍龍身厚(hou)重,風格主攻氣勢(shi)二字(zi),雖不夠靈活,但氣勢(shi)浩大,以(yi)楊店(dian)高龍、黃陂(po)舞龍為(wei)代表。
2、北龍
北(bei)龍較為細小和輕巧,更適于做各種(zhong)花款動作,如今在東南亞等地(di)流(liu)行的,也是北(bei)龍。
舞龍是哪里的非遺
舞龍是甘肅省酒泉(quan)(quan)市(shi)肅州區傳統舞蹈,甘肅省市(shi)(州)級非物質文化遺產(chan)之一(yi)。保護(hu)單位(wei)為酒泉(quan)(quan)市(shi)肅州區文化館。
龍(long)(long)(long)舞(wu),也稱“舞(wu)龍(long)(long)(long)”,民(min)間(jian)又叫“耍(shua)龍(long)(long)(long)”“耍(shua)龍(long)(long)(long)燈”或(huo)“舞(wu)龍(long)(long)(long)燈”,在(zai)全國(guo)多(duo)地分布,形式(shi)品種多(duo)樣。早在(zai)商代(dai)的甲骨(gu)文中,已出現(xian)(xian)以(yi)數(shu)人(ren)集體祭(ji)龍(long)(long)(long)求雨的文字(zi);漢代(dai)董仲(zhong)舒《春秋繁露》的記錄(lu)中已有(you)明確(que)的有(you)關舞(wu)龍(long)(long)(long)求雨的記載;此后(hou)歷(li)朝歷(li)代(dai)的詩(shi)文中記錄(lu)宮廷或(huo)民(min)間(jian)舞(wu)龍(long)(long)(long)的文字(zi)屢(lv)見不鮮。直至現(xian)(xian)在(zai),龍(long)(long)(long)舞(wu)仍(reng)是民(min)間(jian)喜慶節(jie)令場合普遍(bian)存(cun)在(zai)的舞(wu)蹈形式(shi)之一。舞(wu)龍(long)(long)(long)是國(guo)家級非遺(yi)代(dai)表(biao)性項目,很多(duo)地方(fang)都有(you)。