一、光纖故障測試儀是什么
光纖故障測試儀主要用于(yu)檢測光纖的故障(zhang)位置和性質(zhi)。常(chang)見的兩類(lei)測試儀是(shi)光纖OTDR測試儀(英文全(quan)稱(cheng)是(shi)Optical Time Domain Reflectometer)和光纖OLTS測試儀(英文全(quan)稱(cheng)是(shi)Optical Loss Test Set)。
光(guang)纖OTDR(Optical Time Domain Reflectometer)可以(yi)檢測出光(guang)纖斷開距離測試(shi)點的(de)距離,以(yi)及由菲涅爾(Fresnel)反射(she)和(he)瑞(rui)利(Rayleigh)散射(she)回到(dao)的(de)數據信號。然而,要通(tong)過OTDR來精準地測量端到(dao)端的(de)耗損是有(you)難度(du)的(de),因為在(zai)實(shi)際(ji)操(cao)作中(zhong),它會遇到(dao)測量盲區,如事件和(he)衰減系數盲區。
光(guang)纖OLTS(Optical Loss Test Set),也稱為(wei)光(guang)源和功(gong)率(lv)計(ji)機(ji)器設備,它可以發(fa)送光(guang)源檢測(ce)光(guang)信號(hao),然后通過(guo)被測(ce)鏈路(lu)進入光(guang)功(gong)率(lv)計(ji)以計(ji)算衰減系數。OLTS能(neng)夠(gou)檢測(ce)的(de)指標包括鏈路(lu)的(de)總體(ti)衰減系數和鏈接的(de)長度(du)。這種(zhong)設備的(de)精度(du)非(fei)常高(gao),能(neng)夠(gou)在另一(yi)端B端檢驗并測(ce)量該數據信號(hao)的(de)功(gong)率(lv)等級。
總(zong)結來說,光纖故障測試儀是(shi)用(yong)于精(jing)確(que)診斷光纖傳輸(shu)系統問題(ti)的精(jing)密儀器,它們可以幫助(zhu)技術人員定位(wei)和解決問題(ti),確(que)保通信系統的正(zheng)常(chang)運行。
二、光纖測試儀有哪些類型
常用光纖測試儀有:光(guang)功率計、穩定光(guang)源、光(guang)萬用表、光(guang)時域反射儀(yi)(OTDR)和(he)光(guang)故障定位儀(yi)。
1、光功率計
用(yong)于測(ce)(ce)量絕對光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)或(huo)通過一段光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)的(de)(de)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)相對損耗。在光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)系統中(zhong),測(ce)(ce)量光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)是最基本的(de)(de)。非常(chang)像電子學中(zhong)的(de)(de)萬用(yong)表,在光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)測(ce)(ce)量中(zhong),光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)計(ji)是重(zhong)負荷常(chang)用(yong)表,光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)技術人(ren)(ren)員應該人(ren)(ren)手(shou)一個。通過測(ce)(ce)量發射(she)端機或(huo)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)網絡的(de)(de)絕對功(gong)(gong)率(lv),一臺光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)計(ji)就(jiu)能夠評價光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)端設備的(de)(de)性(xing)能。用(yong)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)功(gong)(gong)率(lv)計(ji)與穩定光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)源(yuan)組(zu)合使(shi)用(yong),則能夠測(ce)(ce)量連接損耗、檢驗(yan)連續性(xing),并幫助評估光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖(xian)鏈路(lu)傳輸(shu)質量。
2、穩定光源
對(dui)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)發射已知功(gong)率(lv)(lv)和波長(chang)(chang)的光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)。穩定(ding)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)源與光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)功(gong)率(lv)(lv)計結(jie)合(he)在一(yi)起,可(ke)(ke)以測量光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)的光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)損耗(hao)。對(dui)現(xian)成的光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong),通(tong)常也可(ke)(ke)把系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)的發射端機當作(zuo)穩定(ding)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)源。如(ru)果端機無法(fa)工(gong)作(zuo)或沒有端機,則(ze)需要(yao)單獨(du)的穩定(ding)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)源。穩定(ding)光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)源的波長(chang)(chang)應與系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)端機的波長(chang)(chang)盡可(ke)(ke)能(neng)一(yi)致。在系(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)安裝完畢后,經常需要(yao)測量端到端損耗(hao),以便確定(ding)連接損耗(hao)是否滿(man)足設計要(yao)求(qiu),如(ru):測量連接器、接續(xu)點(dian)的損耗(hao)以及光(guang)(guang)(guang)(guang)纖本體損耗(hao)。
3、光萬用表
用來(lai)測(ce)量光纖(xian)鏈路的光功率(lv)損耗。有以(yi)下兩種光萬用表:
(1)由獨立的光功率計和穩定光源組成。
(2)光功率計和穩定光源結合為一體的集(ji)成測試系統。
4、光時域反射儀(OTDR)及故障定位儀
(Fault Locator):表(biao)(biao)現(xian)為光(guang)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)損(sun)(sun)耗與(yu)距離的(de)(de)函數。借助于OTDR,技術人員能夠(gou)看(kan)到整個系(xi)統輪廓,識別并測量光(guang)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)跨度、接續點(dian)和(he)連接頭。在診斷(duan)光(guang)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)故(gu)障的(de)(de)儀(yi)表(biao)(biao)中,OTDR是最經典的(de)(de),也(ye)是最昂貴的(de)(de)儀(yi)表(biao)(biao)。與(yu)光(guang)功率(lv)計(ji)和(he)光(guang)萬(wan)用表(biao)(biao)的(de)(de)兩(liang)端測試不同(tong),OTDR僅通(tong)過光(guang)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)一端就可測得(de)光(guang)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)損(sun)(sun)耗。OTDR軌跡線給(gei)出系(xi)統衰減值的(de)(de)位(wei)置和(he)大小(xiao),如(ru):任(ren)何連接器、接續點(dian)、光(guang)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)異形、或(huo)光(guang)纖(xian)(xian)(xian)斷(duan)點(dian)的(de)(de)位(wei)置及其損(sun)(sun)耗大小(xiao)。
故(gu)障(zhang)定位(wei)儀(yi)大多是(shi)手(shou)持式儀(yi)器,適(shi)用(yong)于(yu)多模(mo)和單模(mo)光(guang)(guang)纖系(xi)統。利用(yong)OTDR(光(guang)(guang)時域反射儀(yi)) 技術,用(yong)于(yu)對光(guang)(guang)纖故(gu)障(zhang)的點定位(wei),測試距(ju)離大多在20公里以內(nei)。儀(yi)器直接以數字顯(xian)示至(zhi)故(gu)障(zhang)點的距(ju)離。