一、一節干電池的電壓是多少伏

干電池是一種伏打電池，常用作手電筒照明、收音機等的電源，干電池電壓是干(gan)電池(chi)性(xing)能(neng)(neng)的重要(yao)性(xing)能(neng)(neng)指標之一(yi)，它表示(shi)干(gan)電池(chi)在一(yi)定(ding)狀態下電池(chi)兩端(duan)的電勢差，一(yi)般干(gan)電池(chi)的電壓有三(san)種：

1、標準電壓

又稱(cheng)額定電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，指電(dian)(dian)池正負極材(cai)料因化學(xue)反應而(er)造成的電(dian)(dian)位差(cha)，由此(ci)產生的電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)值(zhi)。干電(dian)(dian)池的標準電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)為(wei)1.5V。

普通(tong)干電(dian)(dian)池(chi)內部的化(hua)學電(dian)(dian)解液反(fan)應的激(ji)烈程(cheng)度只(zhi)能(neng)達到使電(dian)(dian)池(chi)發(fa)揮出約1.5V的電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)水平。這個電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)跟化(hua)學離子(zi)化(hua)傾向有(you)(you)關(guan)，也(ye)就(jiu)是說(shuo)跟陰極和陽極材料(liao)有(you)(you)關(guan)，鋅跟碳(tan)棒(bang)在電(dian)(dian)解液中產生的電(dian)(dian)勢就(jiu)是大約1.5伏(fu)特(te)。

2、開路電壓

指電(dian)(dian)(dian)池在非工作狀態下即電(dian)(dian)(dian)路(lu)中無(wu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)流流過時，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池正負極之間的電(dian)(dian)(dian)勢差。干電(dian)(dian)(dian)池滿(man)電(dian)(dian)(dian)時的開路(lu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓為1.65~1.725V。

3、工作電壓

又稱端電(dian)(dian)壓，是指電(dian)(dian)池在(zai)工作狀態下(xia)即電(dian)(dian)路(lu)中(zhong)有(you)電(dian)(dian)流流過(guo)(guo)時電(dian)(dian)池正負極之(zhi)間(jian)的電(dian)(dian)勢差。在(zai)電(dian)(dian)池放電(dian)(dian)工作狀態下(xia)，當電(dian)(dian)流流過(guo)(guo)電(dian)(dian)池內部時，需克服電(dian)(dian)池的內阻所造成阻力，故工作電(dian)(dian)壓總是低(di)于(yu)開路(lu)電(dian)(dian)壓，充電(dian)(dian)時則與之(zhi)相(xiang)反。

二、怎么測量干電池的電壓

選定一個適當的負(fu)載(zai)(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻并(bing)聯在(zai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的正負(fu)極間，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)跟剩余電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量存在(zai)某種已知關系(xi)，所以根據電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的容量及(ji)用途(tu),再測量電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻兩端電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)，看此(ci)時(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池在(zai)帶負(fu)荷(he)時(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)較空載(zai)(zai)時(shi)下(xia)降程度，就可(ke)以判斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量；不過前提條件是(shi)不施加(jia)(jia)任何負(fu)載(zai)(zai)的情況下(xia)，加(jia)(jia)負(fu)載(zai)(zai)后，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)會因(yin)為內部阻抗引起壓(ya)降失真，并(bing)隨時(shi)間的推移以不同速率逐(zhu)漸(jian)降低，并(bing)且在(zai)去除(chu)負(fu)載(zai)(zai)后逐(zhu)漸(jian)升高(gao)。因(yin)此(ci)如果施加(jia)(jia)負(fu)載(zai)(zai)的話，會影響(xiang)干電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量的檢測結果。

萬(wan)用表(biao)也可以準確(que)測量(liang)干(gan)(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，通過測量(liang)干(gan)(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的(de)(de)高(gao)低(di)，對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)進(jin)行(xing)判斷(duan)，如果(guo)測量(liang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓不(bu)小(xiao)于(yu)干(gan)(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)標注(zhu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓時，說(shuo)(shuo)明干(gan)(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)是充足(zu)的(de)(de)；小(xiao)于(yu)干(gan)(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)標注(zhu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓越(yue)多，說(shuo)(shuo)明干(gan)(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)虧(kui)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)越(yue)多，由于(yu)型號的(de)(de)不(bu)同干(gan)(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)檢測結果(guo)會受(shou)到影響(xiang)，但(dan)是對單節干(gan)(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)來說(shuo)(shuo)，只要使(shi)用是普通指針(zhen)式萬(wan)能表(biao)，將(jiang)萬(wan)能表(biao)選最大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)檔（0.5A-1A），負表(biao)筆接電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)負極(ji)，正表(biao)筆在電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)正極(ji)上迅速碰一下，注(zhu)意觀察表(biao)針(zhen)運動（短路電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)）情(qing)況，便知道電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)(chi)還(huan)剩多少電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量(liang)了(le)。

三、干電池電壓低于多少伏就不能用了

干(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓會隨(sui)著使用(yong)時間(jian)的增加不斷下降，下降到一定(ding)程度就不能用(yong)了，一般情況下，干(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓降至1.0V ~ 1.2V時，就可以視(shi)為干(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)即將沒電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，這時的干(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)已經(jing)不能滿足(zu)大部分電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)子設備(bei)的工作(zuo)需(xu)求，需(xu)要更換(huan)干(gan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)。