一、電池管理系統是怎么保護電池的

新(xin)能(neng)源(yuan)汽(qi)車發展越來(lai)越快，但人(ren)們對于動(dong)力(li)電(dian)池(chi)的(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)性一(yi)直非(fei)常在意，誰都不希望(wang)自己花錢買來(lai)的(de)(de)電(dian)動(dong)汽(qi)車存(cun)在極大的(de)(de)安(an)全(quan)風險，電(dian)池(chi)保護(hu)系統就是為(wei)了保護(hu)電(dian)池(chi)而(er)設計的(de)(de)，俗稱電(dian)池(chi)保姆。

電池管理系統對于電池的(de)(de)保(bao)護(hu)，主要(yao)是通過(guo)下面兩種(zhong)方式實現的(de)(de)：

1、電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)管理系統實時監控每個電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)單(dan)元的電(dian)(dian)壓、電(dian)(dian)流和溫度，通(tong)過(guo)(guo)精確的數據(ju)監測來確保電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)工作在(zai)設計的安全(quan)參數范圍內(nei)。當任(ren)何(he)關(guan)鍵指標達到或超過(guo)(guo)預設閾(yu)值時，BMS會立即采取應(ying)對措(cuo)施，例(li)如切斷電(dian)(dian)源(yuan)或降低(di)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的充電(dian)(dian)和放電(dian)(dian)速率，從而避免電(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)過(guo)(guo)熱、過(guo)(guo)充或過(guo)(guo)放，預防可(ke)能(neng)導致的損壞(huai)甚至安全(quan)事故。

2、BMS電(dian)(dian)池管(guan)理系(xi)統具備強大的(de)(de)故障檢測和診斷功(gong)能(neng)，它可以(yi)即時識別出(chu)電(dian)(dian)池系(xi)統中(zhong)的(de)(de)異(yi)常(chang)行為(wei)，如(ru)電(dian)(dian)壓不(bu)穩(wen)、電(dian)(dian)流異(yi)常(chang)或是溫度突變等，并向駕駛員或維(wei)修人員發送警報，這些及時的(de)(de)反饋可以(yi)幫助(zhu)迅速解決(jue)潛在的(de)(de)問(wen)題(ti)，從而保(bao)障用戶的(de)(de)行車安全(quan)。

二、電池保姆對電池的保護有哪幾種

電(dian)池保(bao)姆對(dui)電(dian)池的(de)保(bao)護(hu)是它(ta)的(de)主要(yao)功(gong)(gong)能(neng)之(zhi)一(yi)，一(yi)般電(dian)池管理(li)系統(tong)主要(yao)有四大保(bao)護(hu)功(gong)(gong)能(neng)：

1、過充保護

過充(chong)保護(hu)(hu)是指鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池在充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)過程中，隨著(zhu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)升(sheng)高(gao)到超出合理范(fan)(fan)圍后，會帶來不確定的(de)危險(xian)。而電(dian)(dian)(dian)池管理系統的(de)過充(chong)保護(hu)(hu)功能就是實(shi)時監測電(dian)(dian)(dian)池組的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)，當充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)到安全電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)范(fan)(fan)圍頂點時，就切斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)源，防止(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)的(de)繼續升(sheng)高(gao)，從而起到保護(hu)(hu)作(zuo)用。

新能源(yuan)汽車(che)充(chong)電(dian)時，電(dian)池(chi)管理(li)系(xi)統會(hui)實時監測電(dian)池(chi)組的(de)每(mei)串電(dian)壓(ya)，只要有其中一串電(dian)壓(ya)到達過(guo)充(chong)保護值（三(san)元的(de)過(guo)充(chong)電(dian)壓(ya)默認為(wei)4.25V±0.05V，鐵鋰的(de)過(guo)充(chong)電(dian)壓(ya)默認為(wei)3.75V±0.05V），電(dian)池(chi)管理(li)系(xi)統就會(hui)切(qie)斷(duan)電(dian)源(yuan)，整組鋰電(dian)池(chi)都停止充(chong)電(dian)。

2、過放保護

過(guo)放保(bao)護(hu)是指鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)在(zai)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)過(guo)程中，隨著電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的(de)(de)下降，如果把(ba)電(dian)(dian)(dian)全部放完耗盡(jin)，鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)內(nei)部的(de)(de)化學材料就會失去活性，導致充不進電(dian)(dian)(dian)或容量下降。而(er)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)管理(li)系統的(de)(de)過(guo)放保(bao)護(hu)功能(neng)就是實時監(jian)測電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組(zu)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，當放電(dian)(dian)(dian)到電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓最低點時，就切斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)源，防止電(dian)(dian)(dian)壓的(de)(de)繼續下降，從而(er)起(qi)到保(bao)護(hu)作用。

新能源汽車放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)管理系統會(hui)實(shi)時監測電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)組(zu)的每串(chuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓，只要有其中一串(chuan)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓到達過(guo)(guo)放(fang)保護值（三元的過(guo)(guo)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓默認為(wei)2.7V±0.1V，鐵鋰的過(guo)(guo)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓默認為(wei)2.2V±0.1V），電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)管理系統就(jiu)會(hui)切斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源，整組(zu)鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)都停止放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。

3、過流保護

鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池在給負載(zai)供(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)會隨著電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓和功率的變化而變化，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)很大時(shi)，容易燒(shao)壞(huai)保(bao)護(hu)板、電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池或(huo)設(she)(she)備(bei)。而電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池管理系(xi)統的過(guo)(guo)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)保(bao)護(hu)功能就(jiu)是充放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的過(guo)(guo)程中實時(shi)監測(ce)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池組的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)，當電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)超(chao)過(guo)(guo)安全(quan)范(fan)圍內(nei)時(shi)，就(jiu)切斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)的經過(guo)(guo)，防止電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)(liu)(liu)(liu)過(guo)(guo)大損壞(huai)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池或(huo)設(she)(she)備(bei)，從而起到保(bao)護(hu)作用。

新能源汽車充放電時，電池管理系統會實時監測電(dian)(dian)池(chi)組電(dian)(dian)流(liu)，只要到達了設定的過流(liu)保(bao)護(hu)值，電(dian)(dian)池(chi)管理系統就會切斷電(dian)(dian)源，整組鋰(li)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)都停止充放電(dian)(dian)。

4、溫度保護

電池(chi)管(guan)理系統(tong)的硬(ying)件(jian)保護板(ban)的溫(wen)(wen)控探頭(tou)是焊接到(dao)保護板(ban)內部(bu)主板(ban)的，不可(ke)拔插。溫(wen)(wen)控探頭(tou)能實時監(jian)測(ce)電池(chi)組(zu)或工作環境的溫(wen)(wen)度(du)變化，當監(jian)測(ce)到(dao)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)超出設(she)定的值（硬(ying)件(jian)的溫(wen)(wen)控保護默認：充電-20~55℃，放電-40~75℃，可(ke)根據客戶(hu)(hu)的要求(qiu)更改，客戶(hu)(hu)不能自行(xing)設(she)置）時，斷開電池(chi)組(zu)的充放電，當溫(wen)(wen)度(du)恢復指(zhi)合(he)理范(fan)圍后，才可(ke)繼續充放電，起到(dao)保護作用。