一、新能源汽車搭載的電池管家有什么用

熟悉汽車的朋友對(dui)ESP（車身電(dian)子穩定系(xi)統(tong)）、ABS（防抱死制動系(xi)統(tong)）、TCS（牽引力控(kong)制系(xi)統(tong)）等車載(zai)系(xi)統(tong)不(bu)會感到陌生，在新(xin)能源車上(shang)還有一個非常(chang)重要的系(xi)統(tong)，它就是BMS（電(dian)池管理(li)系(xi)統(tong)），它又(you)叫電(dian)池管家，那么(me)它有什么(me)作用(yong)呢？

據(ju)了解(jie)，新(xin)能源汽車上的(de)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)管家是一個很龐(pang)大的(de)軟硬(ying)件集合體，包括傳(chuan)感器、中央(yang)處理器、執行機構等(deng)，它的(de)作(zuo)用(yong)主要(yao)是采集動力電(dian)(dian)池(chi)系統的(de)電(dian)(dian)壓、溫度(du)、電(dian)(dian)流、電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)等(deng)數據(ju)，然后分析數據(ju)狀(zhuang)態和(he)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)使用(yong)環境，對電(dian)(dian)池(chi)系統充放電(dian)(dian)過程進行監測和(he)控制，從而保(bao)證電(dian)(dian)池(chi)組在(zai)安(an)全的(de)工作(zuo)區間內，提(ti)供車輛(liang)控制所需的(de)必需信息，在(zai)出(chu)現異常時及(ji)時響應(ying)并進行處理，它也會根(gen)據(ju)環境溫度(du)、電(dian)(dian)池(chi)狀(zhuang)態及(ji)車輛(liang)需求等(deng)決定(ding)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的(de)充放電(dian)(dian)功率等(deng)。

二、電池管理系統主要有哪些功能

電池(chi)管(guan)理系(xi)統(tong)(tong)是(shi)對電池(chi)進行監(jian)控與控制(zhi)的系(xi)統(tong)(tong)，將采(cai)集的電池(chi)信(xin)息實(shi)時反饋給用(yong)戶，同時根據采(cai)集的信(xin)息調節參數，充分發揮(hui)電池(chi)的性(xing)能，其(qi)功能主要有(you)：

1、電池狀態分析

電(dian)(dian)池(chi)狀態(tai)分(fen)析最常見的一種(zhong)就(jiu)是(shi)動力電(dian)(dian)池(chi)系統荷電(dian)(dian)狀態(tai)（SOC）估算，SOC其實指的就(jiu)是(shi)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)剩(sheng)余(yu)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)和電(dian)(dian)池(chi)容量(liang)的百分(fen)比。

SOC估(gu)算(suan)是BMS的(de)(de)(de)核(he)心功(gong)能(neng)，同時也是評估(gu)電(dian)(dian)動車續航(hang)里(li)程(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)主要參(can)數。BMS通過遍布整(zheng)個(ge)電(dian)(dian)池包的(de)(de)(de)傳感(gan)器檢測電(dian)(dian)池參(can)數（電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、電(dian)(dian)流和溫度等）信(xin)息，有的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)傳感(gan)器精度非常高(gao)，1mv的(de)(de)(de)變化都可以(yi)被識(shi)別(bie)出來(lai)，由(you)于(yu)探測的(de)(de)(de)信(xin)息準(zhun)確外加優秀(xiu)的(de)(de)(de)算(suan)法處理，電(dian)(dian)池的(de)(de)(de)剩余(yu)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)就可以(yi)被非常準(zhun)確的(de)(de)(de)計算(suan)出來(lai)。

在日常用(yong)車(che)(che)(che)過程中(zhong)，車(che)(che)(che)主可以通(tong)過中(zhong)控屏(ping)自主設(she)置SOC，SOC目(mu)標值(zhi)可以理解成車(che)(che)(che)輛(liang)電量(liang)平衡(heng)的目(mu)標值(zhi)。當車(che)(che)(che)輛(liang)電量(liang)高于(yu)(yu)設(she)置值(zhi)時，系統動(dong)力分配會優(you)先(xian)用(yong)電，降低能耗(hao)；當車(che)(che)(che)輛(liang)電量(liang)低于(yu)(yu)設(she)置值(zhi)時，車(che)(che)(che)輛(liang)行駛(shi)時會有一部分動(dong)力用(yong)于(yu)(yu)發電使電量(liang)上(shang)升，以保證用(yong)電需要(yao)。

2、電池安全保護

電(dian)池(chi)(chi)的溫度過高(gao)或(huo)者過低(di)都會(hui)影響電(dian)芯(xin)(xin)的活性(xing)，甚至會(hui)造成不可逆的物理損傷，最終影響電(dian)芯(xin)(xin)壽命，而BMS能(neng)夠為(wei)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)營造良好的運行環(huan)境。比如(ru)在寒冷的地(di)區，電(dian)池(chi)(chi)充電(dian)效率降低(di)，這個時候(hou)BMS會(hui)調用(yong)加熱(re)系(xi)統來讓(rang)電(dian)芯(xin)(xin)升(sheng)溫使其(qi)達到(dao)舒適的充電(dian)環(huan)境；如(ru)果在夏季或(huo)者是(shi)電(dian)池(chi)(chi)發熱(re)的情況下，BMS會(hui)調用(yong)冷卻(que)系(xi)統為(wei)電(dian)芯(xin)(xin)降溫，利用(yong)智能(neng)溫控(kong)系(xi)統大大提高(gao)電(dian)芯(xin)(xin)的使用(yong)壽命。

3、電池能量管理

充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)，BMS會把電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)系統允(yun)(yun)許充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)單(dan)體最高(gao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、最高(gao)總電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、最高(gao)溫度(du)、當(dang)前允(yun)(yun)許充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)最大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流、SOC以及當(dang)前電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)等信(xin)息(xi)與充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備進行交(jiao)互，從(cong)而使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)系統按照適配的(de)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)、充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流和(he)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方(fang)法(fa)進行充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量處于高(gao)位后，BMS會限制(zhi)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，進入到(dao)“涓流模式”（使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯真(zhen)正(zheng)飽和(he)、延(yan)長(chang)使用壽命(ming)），直到(dao)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程結(jie)束最后斷開連接。

此(ci)外，BMS還(huan)會(hui)起到(dao)“均衡管理”的(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用，減小電(dian)池單(dan)體之間(jian)的(de)(de)電(dian)壓差，從而保證電(dian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)的(de)(de)一(yi)致(zhi)性。這是因為電(dian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)由(you)于先天因素或者工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)溫(wen)度不(bu)一(yi)致(zhi)，導(dao)致(zhi)電(dian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)電(dian)壓各有(you)不(bu)同(tong)，所以在(zai)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)的(de)(de)過程(cheng)中電(dian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)里的(de)(de)電(dian)容(rong)量會(hui)出(chu)現不(bu)一(yi)致(zhi)的(de)(de)情況，比(bi)如有(you)的(de)(de)電(dian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)已經充(chong)(chong)滿電(dian)了，有(you)的(de)(de)卻還(huan)沒(mei)有(you)充(chong)(chong)滿。BMS系統可以起到(dao)調節作(zuo)(zuo)用，使(shi)電(dian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)充(chong)(chong)電(dian)幾乎可以同(tong)時完成，比(bi)如通(tong)過旁路電(dian)阻給電(dian)壓較高的(de)(de)電(dian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)放電(dian)，使(shi)其(qi)達到(dao)和其(qi)他電(dian)芯(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)相同(tong)的(de)(de)電(dian)壓，最終達到(dao)整體均衡。

4、通信

BMS把電池系統的電壓、溫度、電流、SOC等數據通過CAN通信傳遞，最終我們在儀表上才能很直觀的看到續航里程、電池電量等信息。不僅如此，電池管理系統還能對(dui)故障(zhang)信息進(jin)行(xing)分(fen)析，通過(guo)相關策略對(dui)電池系統進(jin)行(xing)保護和控制，同時讓(rang)故障(zhang)燈點亮以便提(ti)醒車主。

5、故障診斷

除了(le)通信功能(neng)外，BMS還能(neng)起到故(gu)障(zhang)診斷(duan)的(de)(de)(de)功能(neng)。BMS會根據(ju)電芯參數和(he)電池系統功能(neng)制定相應的(de)(de)(de)故(gu)障(zhang)閾值表(biao)，BMS通過故(gu)障(zhang)閾值表(biao)對電池系統進(jin)行保護并上(shang)報(bao)故(gu)障(zhang)類型，方便(bian)后期的(de)(de)(de)故(gu)障(zhang)排查以及檢修維護。