一、新能源汽車搭載的電池管家有什么用

熟悉汽車的朋友對ESP（車身電子穩定系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)）、ABS（防抱死制動系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)）、TCS（牽(qian)引(yin)力控制系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)）等車載(zai)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)不(bu)會感到陌生，在新能源車上還有一個非常重要的系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)，它就是BMS（電池(chi)管(guan)理系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)），它又叫電池(chi)管(guan)家，那(nei)么它有什么作用呢？

據了解，新(xin)能(neng)源汽(qi)車(che)上(shang)的(de)電(dian)池(chi)管家(jia)是(shi)一個很龐大的(de)軟硬件集合體(ti)，包括傳感(gan)器、中央處理器、執行(xing)機(ji)構等，它的(de)作用主要是(shi)采(cai)集動力電(dian)池(chi)系(xi)統(tong)的(de)電(dian)壓、溫(wen)度(du)、電(dian)流、電(dian)阻等數(shu)據，然后分(fen)析數(shu)據狀態(tai)和電(dian)池(chi)使用環境，對(dui)電(dian)池(chi)系(xi)統(tong)充(chong)放電(dian)過(guo)程進行(xing)監(jian)測(ce)和控(kong)制(zhi)，從而保證電(dian)池(chi)組在安全的(de)工作區間內，提(ti)供(gong)車(che)輛控(kong)制(zhi)所需的(de)必(bi)需信息，在出現異常時及時響應并(bing)進行(xing)處理，它也會根據環境溫(wen)度(du)、電(dian)池(chi)狀態(tai)及車(che)輛需求等決(jue)定電(dian)池(chi)的(de)充(chong)放電(dian)功率等。

二、電池管理系統主要有哪些功能

電池管理系統(tong)是對電池進行監控與(yu)控制的系統(tong)，將采(cai)集(ji)的電池信息實時反饋給用戶，同時根據采(cai)集(ji)的信息調(diao)節(jie)參數，充分(fen)發(fa)揮電池的性(xing)能，其功能主要有(you)：

1、電池狀態分析

電(dian)(dian)池狀態分(fen)(fen)析最常見的一(yi)種就(jiu)是動力電(dian)(dian)池系統荷電(dian)(dian)狀態（SOC）估(gu)算，SOC其(qi)實指的就(jiu)是電(dian)(dian)池剩(sheng)余電(dian)(dian)量和電(dian)(dian)池容量的百分(fen)(fen)比。

SOC估算是BMS的核心功能，同時(shi)也是評估電動(dong)車續航里程的主要參(can)數(shu)(shu)。BMS通過遍布(bu)整個(ge)電池包的傳(chuan)感(gan)器檢測電池參(can)數(shu)(shu)（電壓、電流和溫(wen)度等）信息(xi)，有的電壓傳(chuan)感(gan)器精(jing)度非(fei)常高，1mv的變化都(dou)可以被識別出來，由于探測的信息(xi)準確(que)外加優秀的算法處理，電池的剩余電量(liang)就可以被非(fei)常準確(que)的計算出來。

在日常用車(che)過(guo)程中，車(che)主(zhu)(zhu)可以(yi)通過(guo)中控屏自主(zhu)(zhu)設置SOC，SOC目(mu)標值可以(yi)理(li)解(jie)成(cheng)車(che)輛(liang)(liang)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)平衡的目(mu)標值。當車(che)輛(liang)(liang)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)高(gao)于(yu)設置值時(shi)，系統動(dong)力分配會(hui)優先用電(dian)(dian)，降低能耗；當車(che)輛(liang)(liang)電(dian)(dian)量(liang)低于(yu)設置值時(shi)，車(che)輛(liang)(liang)行駛(shi)時(shi)會(hui)有(you)一部分動(dong)力用于(yu)發電(dian)(dian)使電(dian)(dian)量(liang)上升，以(yi)保證用電(dian)(dian)需要。

2、電池安全保護

電(dian)(dian)(dian)池的溫(wen)(wen)度(du)過高或(huo)(huo)者(zhe)過低(di)都會(hui)影(ying)響電(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)的活(huo)性，甚至(zhi)會(hui)造成不可逆的物(wu)理損(sun)傷，最終影(ying)響電(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)壽命(ming)，而BMS能夠(gou)為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池營造良好的運行(xing)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)。比如(ru)在寒(han)冷(leng)(leng)的地區，電(dian)(dian)(dian)池充電(dian)(dian)(dian)效(xiao)率降(jiang)低(di)，這個時候BMS會(hui)調(diao)用(yong)(yong)加熱(re)系統來讓電(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)升(sheng)溫(wen)(wen)使其達到舒(shu)適的充電(dian)(dian)(dian)環(huan)境(jing)(jing)；如(ru)果在夏季或(huo)(huo)者(zhe)是電(dian)(dian)(dian)池發熱(re)的情況下，BMS會(hui)調(diao)用(yong)(yong)冷(leng)(leng)卻系統為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)降(jiang)溫(wen)(wen)，利(li)用(yong)(yong)智能溫(wen)(wen)控系統大大提(ti)高電(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)的使用(yong)(yong)壽命(ming)。

3、電池能量管理

充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時，BMS會(hui)把電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)系(xi)統(tong)允許(xu)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)單體最高電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)、最高總電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)、最高溫度、當(dang)前允許(xu)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)最大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流、SOC以(yi)及當(dang)前電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)等(deng)信息與充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)設備(bei)進行交互(hu)，從而使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)系(xi)統(tong)按(an)照適配的(de)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)、充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流和(he)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)方法進行充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。當(dang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量處于高位后(hou)，BMS會(hui)限制充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，進入到(dao)“涓流模式”（使(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯真正飽和(he)、延(yan)長使(shi)用壽命），直到(dao)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程結(jie)束(shu)最后(hou)斷開連接。

此(ci)外，BMS還會起(qi)到(dao)(dao)“均衡(heng)管理”的(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)，減(jian)小電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池單體(ti)之間的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)差，從而保證電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)一(yi)致性。這是(shi)因(yin)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)由于先天因(yin)素或(huo)者工作(zuo)溫(wen)度(du)不(bu)一(yi)致，導(dao)致電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)各有(you)不(bu)同(tong)，所以(yi)在(zai)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的(de)(de)過程(cheng)中(zhong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)里的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)容量會出(chu)現不(bu)一(yi)致的(de)(de)情況，比如(ru)有(you)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)已經充(chong)滿(man)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)了，有(you)的(de)(de)卻(que)還沒(mei)有(you)充(chong)滿(man)。BMS系統可以(yi)起(qi)到(dao)(dao)調節作(zuo)用(yong)，使電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)幾(ji)乎可以(yi)同(tong)時完成(cheng)，比如(ru)通過旁路電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻給電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)較(jiao)高的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，使其(qi)達(da)到(dao)(dao)和其(qi)他電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)芯(xin)(xin)相同(tong)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)，最(zui)終(zhong)達(da)到(dao)(dao)整體(ti)均衡(heng)。

4、通信

BMS把電池系統的電壓、溫度、電流、SOC等數據通過CAN通信傳遞，最終我們在儀表上才能很直觀的看到續航里程、電池電量等信息。不僅如此，電池管理系統還能對故(gu)障信息進行分析，通過相關策略對電池系統進行保護和控制，同時(shi)讓故(gu)障燈點(dian)亮以便提(ti)醒車主。

5、故障診斷

除(chu)了通信功能(neng)外，BMS還(huan)能(neng)起到故(gu)障診斷的功能(neng)。BMS會根據(ju)電芯(xin)參數和(he)電池系統功能(neng)制定相應的故(gu)障閾值表(biao)，BMS通過(guo)故(gu)障閾值表(biao)對(dui)電池系統進行保護并上報故(gu)障類型，方便(bian)后期的故(gu)障排查以及檢修(xiu)維護。