船舶有哪些種類
船舶分類方法很多(duo),可按用(yong)途(tu)、航行(xing)狀態(tai)、船體數目、推進動力(li)、推進器等(deng)分類。
按用途,船舶一般分為軍用和民用船舶兩大類。按(an)船舶的航行狀態通(tong)常(chang)可分為排水型船舶、滑行艇、水翼艇和氣墊船。按船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶的船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)體(ti)(ti)(ti)數(shu)目可分為單體(ti)(ti)(ti)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)和(he)多體(ti)(ti)(ti)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan),在多體(ti)(ti)(ti)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)型(xing)中雙體(ti)(ti)(ti)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)較為多見。按推進(jin)動(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)可分(fen)為(wei)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)動(dong)(dong)船(chuan)和非(fei)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)動(dong)(dong)船(chuan) ,機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)動(dong)(dong)船(chuan)按推進(jin)主(zhu)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)的類型又分(fen)為(wei)蒸汽(qi)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)船(chuan)(現已淘汰)、汽(qi)輪機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)船(chuan)、柴油(you)機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)船(chuan)、燃(ran)氣輪機(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)船(chuan)、聯合動(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)裝置船(chuan)、電力(li)(li)推進(jin)船(chuan)、核動(dong)(dong)力(li)(li)船(chuan)等(deng)。
按船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)舶推(tui)進器(qi)又(you)可分(fen)為螺(luo)(luo)旋(xuan)槳(jiang)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、噴水(shui)推(tui)進船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、噴氣(qi)推(tui)進船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、明輪船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、平旋(xuan)輪船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)等 ,空氣(qi)螺(luo)(luo)旋(xuan)槳(jiang)只用于少(shao)數氣(qi)墊(dian)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan);按機(ji)艙(cang)的位(wei)置,有尾機(ji)型船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(機(ji)艙(cang)在船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)的尾部(bu)),中機(ji)型船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)和中尾機(ji)型船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan);按船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)體(ti)結(jie)構(gou)材(cai)料,有鋼船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、鋁合金船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、木船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、鋼絲網水(shui)泥(ni)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)、玻璃鋼艇(ting)、橡(xiang)皮艇(ting)、混合結(jie)構(gou)船(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)等。
船舶的結構
船(chuan)(chuan)舶是(shi)由許多部分構(gou)成的,按各部分的作用和(he)用途,可(ke)綜合歸納為船(chuan)(chuan)體、船(chuan)(chuan)舶動(dong)力裝置(zhi)、船(chuan)(chuan)舶電氣等(deng)三大部分。
現在市場上造船船舶工業品牌很多,且中國船舶工(gong)業(ye)已能建(jian)造(zao)符合各大船級社的國際標(biao)準,在(zai)全(quan)球海(hai)域航行的各類(lei)船舶。
船舶的排水量是什么意思
船舶(bo)的(de)排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)是指(zhi)船舶(bo)在一定(ding)狀態下的(de)總(zong)(zong)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)量(liang)(liang),通(tong)常(chang)以(yi)噸為(wei)(wei)(wei)單位(wei)。船舶(bo)滿(man)載(zai)(zai)時(shi)的(de)總(zong)(zong)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)量(liang)(liang)稱(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)滿(man)載(zai)(zai)排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang),或重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang),船舶(bo)不(bu)裝載(zai)(zai)貨(huo)物時(shi)船體(ti)和機艙(cang)等部分(fen)的(de)總(zong)(zong)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)量(liang)(liang)稱(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)(wei)(wei)空船排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang),或輕(qing)排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang),如未(wei)指(zhi)明時(shi),船舶(bo)的(de)排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)多(duo)指(zhi)滿(man)載(zai)(zai)排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)。排(pai)(pai)(pai)(pai)水(shui)(shui)量(liang)(liang)是表(biao)示(shi)船舶(bo)噸位(wei)的(de)眾多(duo)指(zhi)標之一,縮寫(xie)作DT(Displacement Tonnage),與(yu)凈噸位(wei)(NT)、總(zong)(zong)噸位(wei)(GT)或載(zai)(zai)重(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)噸位(wei)(DWT)等是不(bu)同(tong)的(de)概(gai)念。