一、農藥殺蟲劑對身體的危害
農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥殺(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)是用(yong)來殺(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)滅農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)害(hai)(hai)蟲(chong)的(de)(de)(de)藥劑(ji)(ji)(ji),它(ta)有(you)一定的(de)(de)(de)毒(du)(du)(du)性(xing)(xing)(xing),對(dui)(dui)(dui)人(ren)體有(you)害(hai)(hai)的(de)(de)(de),農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥殺(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)對(dui)(dui)(dui)人(ren)體的(de)(de)(de)危(wei)害(hai)(hai)主要表現為(wei)三(san)種形式:急性(xing)(xing)(xing)中(zhong)(zhong)毒(du)(du)(du)、慢(man)(man)性(xing)(xing)(xing)危(wei)害(hai)(hai)和“三(san)致(zhi)(zhi)”危(wei)害(hai)(hai):1、急性(xing)(xing)(xing)中(zhong)(zhong)毒(du)(du)(du):農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥殺(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)經口(kou)、吸呼(hu)道或接觸(chu)而大(da)量(liang)進入人(ren)體內,在(zai)短時間(jian)內表現出的(de)(de)(de)急性(xing)(xing)(xing)病理(li)(li)反應為(wei)急性(xing)(xing)(xing)中(zhong)(zhong)毒(du)(du)(du)。急性(xing)(xing)(xing)中(zhong)(zhong)毒(du)(du)(du)往(wang)(wang)往(wang)(wang)導致(zhi)(zhi)神經麻痹(bi)乃至(zhi)死亡(wang),甚至(zhi)造(zao)成(cheng)大(da)面(mian)積死亡(wang),成(cheng)為(wei)最明顯的(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥殺(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)危(wei)害(hai)(hai)。2、慢(man)(man)性(xing)(xing)(xing)危(wei)害(hai)(hai):長期(qi)接觸(chu)或食用(yong)含(han)有(you)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥殺(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)殘留的(de)(de)(de)食品,可使農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥殺(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)在(zai)體內不斷(duan)蓄積,對(dui)(dui)(dui)人(ren)體健康(kang)構(gou)成(cheng)潛在(zai)威(wei)脅,即(ji)慢(man)(man)性(xing)(xing)(xing)中(zhong)(zhong)毒(du)(du)(du),可影(ying)響(xiang)神經系統,破壞肝臟功能,造(zao)成(cheng)生理(li)(li)障礙(ai),影(ying)響(xiang)生殖系統,產生畸(ji)形怪(guai)胎(tai),導致(zhi)(zhi)癌(ai)(ai)(ai)癥(zheng)。3、致(zhi)(zhi)癌(ai)(ai)(ai)、致(zhi)(zhi)畸(ji)、致(zhi)(zhi)突變:國際癌(ai)(ai)(ai)癥(zheng)研究機構(gou)根據動物(wu)實驗確證,18種廣泛使用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥殺(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)具有(you)明顯的(de)(de)(de)致(zhi)(zhi)癌(ai)(ai)(ai)性(xing)(xing)(xing),還(huan)有(you)16種顯示潛在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)致(zhi)(zhi)癌(ai)(ai)(ai)危(wei)險性(xing)(xing)(xing)。目(mu)前我國盡管(guan)頒布(bu)了5批農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥殺(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)安全使用(yong)標(biao)準,也(ye)規定10類農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)藥殺(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)禁止在(zai)農(nong)(nong)(nong)(nong)業(ye)上使用(yong),但有(you)的(de)(de)(de)地方仍在(zai)使用(yong)。其中(zhong)(zhong)二(er)溴氯丙(bing)烷可引發(fa)男性(xing)(xing)(xing)不育(yu),對(dui)(dui)(dui)動物(wu)有(you)致(zhi)(zhi)癌(ai)(ai)(ai)、致(zhi)(zhi)突變作用(yong)。三(san)環錫、特普丹(dan)對(dui)(dui)(dui)動物(wu)有(you)致(zhi)(zhi)畸(ji)作用(yong)。二(er)溴乙烷可使人(ren)、畜致(zhi)(zhi)畸(ji)、致(zhi)(zhi)突變。殺(sha)(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)脒(mi)對(dui)(dui)(dui)人(ren)有(you)潛在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)致(zhi)(zhi)癌(ai)(ai)(ai)威(wei)脅,對(dui)(dui)(dui)動物(wu)有(you)致(zhi)(zhi)癌(ai)(ai)(ai)作用(yong)。
二、農藥殺蟲劑的種類有哪些
市場上各種殺蟲劑種類繁雜,根據其化學結構特點,可以劃分成幾大類:1、有機磷類:代表:敵敵畏、毒死蜱、丙溴磷、三唑磷、辛硫磷、氧樂果、殺撲磷等。2、氨基甲酸酯類:代表:滅多威、異丙威、仲丁威、涕滅威、克百威、丁硫克百威、茚蟲威。3、擬除蟲菊酯類:代表:胺烯菊酯、丙烯菊酯、苯醚菌酯、二氯苯醚菌酯等、溴氰菊酯、氯氰菊酯、高效氯氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯、高效氯氟氰菊酯、高效氟氯氰菊酯、甲氰菊酯、聯苯菊酯等。4、氯化煙堿類:代表:吡蟲啉、啶蟲脒、烯啶蟲胺、噻蟲嗪、噻蟲啉等。5、發酵抗生素類:代表:阿維菌素、甲維鹽、多殺菌素、瀏陽霉素、蘇云金芽孢桿菌等。6、苯甲酰脲類:代表:滅幼脲、除蟲脲(敵滅靈)、定蟲隆(抑太保)、氟鈴脲(蓋蟲散)、氟蟲脲(卡死克)、伏蟲脲(農夢特)等7、酰胺類:代表:氟蟲酰胺、氯蟲苯甲酰胺、氯蟲苯甲酰胺+噻蟲嗪、氰蟲酰胺。8、吡唑類:代表:氟蟲氰、丁烯氟蟲氰。9、季酮酸類:代表:螺蟲乙酯(畝旺特)、螺螨酯、螺甲螨酯。10、吡啶類:代表:吡蚜酮(吡嗪酮)。農藥殺蟲劑種類眾多,選擇時應根據實際殺蟲的需要挑選,并注意選擇一個好的農藥殺蟲劑品牌產品。
三、農藥殺蟲劑過期了還能用嗎
農(nong)用(yong)殺蟲(chong)劑(ji)是(shi)(shi)農(nong)藥的(de)(de)一種,農(nong)藥是(shi)(shi)一種特殊(shu)的(de)(de)產(chan)品,其保質期(qi)(qi)(qi)是(shi)(shi)根據(ju)正常劑(ji)量(liang)下植物病蟲(chong)害和(he)雜草的(de)(de)預期(qi)(qi)(qi)防治效果而(er)確定的(de)(de),并不是(shi)(shi)說它不能(neng)在到期(qi)(qi)(qi)日期(qi)(qi)(qi)之后使(shi)用(yong),很多過(guo)期(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)殺蟲(chong)劑(ji)只要劑(ji)型的(de)(de)癥狀沒有(you)(you)改(gai)變,例如粉末不結塊,懸浮液(ye)不分層(ceng),乳(ru)油(you)不混濁,顆(ke)粒不變形,只要適當(dang)擴大(da)點(dian)液(ye)體就不會產(chan)生絮凝等,并嚴格按照(zhao)科學方法(fa)使(shi)用(yong),仍然(ran)具有(you)(you)良好的(de)(de)殺蟲(chong)和(he)疾病預防作用(yong)。不過(guo)如果是(shi)(shi)大(da)批量(liang)使(shi)用(yong)農(nong)用(yong)殺蟲(chong)劑(ji)的(de)(de)話,還是(shi)(shi)建議用(yong)保質期(qi)(qi)(qi)內(nei)的(de)(de)產(chan)品,以免藥效不夠影響(xiang)殺蟲(chong)效果。
四、農藥殺蟲劑和殺菌劑能一起用嗎
農業(ye)領域使用殺(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)劑(ji)(ji)和殺(sha)(sha)菌劑(ji)(ji)是(shi)比較(jiao)多的,它們(men)可(ke)以混用,可(ke)擴大(da)防治的范(fan)圍,有增效、省工(gong)省時、降低用藥的成本等優(you)點。若是(shi)同一(yi)(yi)種作(zuo)物發生一(yi)(yi)種以上(shang)(shang)的病害,便(bian)可(ke)同時噴(pen)(pen)灑殺(sha)(sha)菌劑(ji)(ji)和殺(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)劑(ji)(ji)。例(li)如黃(huang)瓜上(shang)(shang)同時發生霜霉病,灰霉病或者是(shi)蚜蟲(chong),就(jiu)可(ke)噴(pen)(pen)灑殺(sha)(sha)菌劑(ji)(ji)和殺(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)劑(ji)(ji),一(yi)(yi)次將病害、蟲(chong)害都(dou)消滅掉。