一、農藥殺蟲劑對身體的危害
農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)殺(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲劑(ji)(ji)(ji)是用(yong)(yong)來(lai)殺(sha)(sha)(sha)滅農(nong)(nong)業害(hai)(hai)蟲的(de)(de)(de)(de)藥(yao)劑(ji)(ji)(ji),它有(you)(you)(you)一定的(de)(de)(de)(de)毒(du)性(xing)(xing)(xing),對(dui)人(ren)體有(you)(you)(you)害(hai)(hai)的(de)(de)(de)(de),農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)殺(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲劑(ji)(ji)(ji)對(dui)人(ren)體的(de)(de)(de)(de)危(wei)(wei)害(hai)(hai)主要表現為三種(zhong)形式:急性(xing)(xing)(xing)中(zhong)(zhong)毒(du)、慢性(xing)(xing)(xing)危(wei)(wei)害(hai)(hai)和“三致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)”危(wei)(wei)害(hai)(hai):1、急性(xing)(xing)(xing)中(zhong)(zhong)毒(du):農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)殺(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲劑(ji)(ji)(ji)經口、吸呼道(dao)或(huo)(huo)接(jie)(jie)觸而大量進入人(ren)體內(nei)(nei),在(zai)(zai)短時(shi)間(jian)內(nei)(nei)表現出的(de)(de)(de)(de)急性(xing)(xing)(xing)病理反應為急性(xing)(xing)(xing)中(zhong)(zhong)毒(du)。急性(xing)(xing)(xing)中(zhong)(zhong)毒(du)往(wang)往(wang)導(dao)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)神經麻(ma)痹乃至死亡,甚至造(zao)成大面(mian)積死亡,成為最明(ming)顯(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)殺(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲劑(ji)(ji)(ji)危(wei)(wei)害(hai)(hai)。2、慢性(xing)(xing)(xing)危(wei)(wei)害(hai)(hai):長期接(jie)(jie)觸或(huo)(huo)食用(yong)(yong)含(han)有(you)(you)(you)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)殺(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲劑(ji)(ji)(ji)殘(can)留的(de)(de)(de)(de)食品,可(ke)使(shi)(shi)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)殺(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲劑(ji)(ji)(ji)在(zai)(zai)體內(nei)(nei)不(bu)斷蓄(xu)積,對(dui)人(ren)體健康構(gou)(gou)成潛在(zai)(zai)威(wei)脅,即慢性(xing)(xing)(xing)中(zhong)(zhong)毒(du),可(ke)影響(xiang)(xiang)神經系統(tong),破壞肝臟功能,造(zao)成生(sheng)理障礙,影響(xiang)(xiang)生(sheng)殖系統(tong),產(chan)生(sheng)畸(ji)形怪胎(tai),導(dao)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)癌(ai)癥(zheng)(zheng)。3、致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)癌(ai)、致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)畸(ji)、致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)突變:國際癌(ai)癥(zheng)(zheng)研究機構(gou)(gou)根(gen)據動(dong)(dong)物實驗確(que)證,18種(zhong)廣泛(fan)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)殺(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲劑(ji)(ji)(ji)具(ju)有(you)(you)(you)明(ming)顯(xian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)癌(ai)性(xing)(xing)(xing),還(huan)有(you)(you)(you)16種(zhong)顯(xian)示潛在(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)癌(ai)危(wei)(wei)險(xian)性(xing)(xing)(xing)。目前我國盡管頒布了5批農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)殺(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲劑(ji)(ji)(ji)安(an)全使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)標準,也(ye)規(gui)定10類農(nong)(nong)藥(yao)殺(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲劑(ji)(ji)(ji)禁止在(zai)(zai)農(nong)(nong)業上使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong),但(dan)有(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)地方仍在(zai)(zai)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)。其中(zhong)(zhong)二溴氯(lv)丙(bing)烷可(ke)引發男性(xing)(xing)(xing)不(bu)育,對(dui)動(dong)(dong)物有(you)(you)(you)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)癌(ai)、致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)突變作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)。三環(huan)錫(xi)、特普丹對(dui)動(dong)(dong)物有(you)(you)(you)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)畸(ji)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)。二溴乙烷可(ke)使(shi)(shi)人(ren)、畜致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)畸(ji)、致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)突變。殺(sha)(sha)(sha)蟲脒(mi)對(dui)人(ren)有(you)(you)(you)潛在(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)癌(ai)威(wei)脅,對(dui)動(dong)(dong)物有(you)(you)(you)致(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)癌(ai)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)。
二、農藥殺蟲劑的種類有哪些
市場上各種殺蟲劑種類繁雜,根據其化學結構特點,可以劃分成幾大類:1、有機磷類:代表:敵敵畏、毒死蜱、丙溴磷、三唑磷、辛硫磷、氧樂果、殺撲磷等。2、氨基甲酸酯類:代表:滅多威、異丙威、仲丁威、涕滅威、克百威、丁硫克百威、茚蟲威。3、擬除蟲菊酯類:代表:胺烯菊酯、丙烯菊酯、苯醚菌酯、二氯苯醚菌酯等、溴氰菊酯、氯氰菊酯、高效氯氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯、高效氯氟氰菊酯、高效氟氯氰菊酯、甲氰菊酯、聯苯菊酯等。4、氯化煙堿類:代表:吡蟲啉、啶蟲脒、烯啶蟲胺、噻蟲嗪、噻蟲啉等。5、發酵抗生素類:代表:阿維菌素、甲維鹽、多殺菌素、瀏陽霉素、蘇云金芽孢桿菌等。6、苯甲酰脲類:代表:滅幼脲、除蟲脲(敵滅靈)、定蟲隆(抑太保)、氟鈴脲(蓋蟲散)、氟蟲脲(卡死克)、伏蟲脲(農夢特)等7、酰胺類:代表:氟蟲酰胺、氯蟲苯甲酰胺、氯蟲苯甲酰胺+噻蟲嗪、氰蟲酰胺。8、吡唑類:代表:氟蟲氰、丁烯氟蟲氰。9、季酮酸類:代表:螺蟲乙酯(畝旺特)、螺螨酯、螺甲螨酯。10、吡啶類:代表:吡蚜酮(吡嗪酮)。農藥殺蟲劑種類眾多,選擇時應根據實際殺蟲的需要挑選,并注意選擇一個好的農藥殺蟲劑品牌產品。
三、農藥殺蟲劑過期了還能用嗎
農用(yong)殺(sha)蟲(chong)劑是(shi)農藥的(de)(de)(de)(de)一種,農藥是(shi)一種特殊的(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)品(pin),其保質期(qi)(qi)是(shi)根據正(zheng)常劑量下植物病(bing)蟲(chong)害和雜草的(de)(de)(de)(de)預期(qi)(qi)防治效果而確定的(de)(de)(de)(de),并(bing)不(bu)(bu)是(shi)說它不(bu)(bu)能(neng)在到期(qi)(qi)日(ri)期(qi)(qi)之(zhi)后使(shi)(shi)用(yong),很多過(guo)期(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)殺(sha)蟲(chong)劑只(zhi)要劑型的(de)(de)(de)(de)癥(zheng)狀沒有改變,例如粉(fen)末不(bu)(bu)結塊(kuai),懸浮(fu)液不(bu)(bu)分層,乳油不(bu)(bu)混濁(zhuo),顆(ke)粒不(bu)(bu)變形,只(zhi)要適當擴大(da)點液體(ti)就不(bu)(bu)會產(chan)生絮凝(ning)等,并(bing)嚴格按照(zhao)科學方(fang)法使(shi)(shi)用(yong),仍(reng)然具(ju)有良(liang)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)殺(sha)蟲(chong)和疾(ji)病(bing)預防作用(yong)。不(bu)(bu)過(guo)如果是(shi)大(da)批量使(shi)(shi)用(yong)農用(yong)殺(sha)蟲(chong)劑的(de)(de)(de)(de)話,還是(shi)建議(yi)用(yong)保質期(qi)(qi)內的(de)(de)(de)(de)產(chan)品(pin),以(yi)免藥效不(bu)(bu)夠影(ying)響(xiang)殺(sha)蟲(chong)效果。
四、農藥殺蟲劑和殺菌劑能一起用嗎
農業領域(yu)使(shi)用殺蟲(chong)劑和殺菌劑是比(bi)較多的,它們(men)可以混(hun)用,可擴(kuo)大(da)防治的范(fan)圍,有增效、省工省時(shi)、降低(di)用藥(yao)的成(cheng)本等(deng)優點。若是同一(yi)種(zhong)作物發(fa)生(sheng)一(yi)種(zhong)以上的病害,便可同時(shi)噴(pen)灑殺菌劑和殺蟲(chong)劑。例如黃(huang)瓜(gua)上同時(shi)發(fa)生(sheng)霜霉病,灰霉病或(huo)者是蚜蟲(chong),就可噴(pen)灑殺菌劑和殺蟲(chong)劑,一(yi)次將病害、蟲(chong)害都(dou)消滅掉。