一、農藥殺蟲劑對身體的危害
農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)殺(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)是用(yong)(yong)(yong)來殺(sha)(sha)滅農(nong)業(ye)害(hai)蟲(chong)的(de)(de)(de)藥(yao)(yao)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji),它有(you)一定的(de)(de)(de)毒(du)(du)性(xing)(xing)(xing),對人體(ti)(ti)有(you)害(hai)的(de)(de)(de),農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)殺(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)對人體(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)(de)危(wei)害(hai)主要表(biao)現(xian)為三(san)種(zhong)形(xing)式:急(ji)性(xing)(xing)(xing)中(zhong)(zhong)毒(du)(du)、慢性(xing)(xing)(xing)危(wei)害(hai)和“三(san)致(zhi)”危(wei)害(hai):1、急(ji)性(xing)(xing)(xing)中(zhong)(zhong)毒(du)(du):農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)殺(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)經(jing)口(kou)、吸(xi)呼(hu)道或接觸而大量進入人體(ti)(ti)內(nei)(nei),在(zai)(zai)短(duan)時間內(nei)(nei)表(biao)現(xian)出的(de)(de)(de)急(ji)性(xing)(xing)(xing)病理反應為急(ji)性(xing)(xing)(xing)中(zhong)(zhong)毒(du)(du)。急(ji)性(xing)(xing)(xing)中(zhong)(zhong)毒(du)(du)往(wang)(wang)往(wang)(wang)導(dao)致(zhi)神(shen)經(jing)麻痹(bi)乃(nai)至(zhi)死亡(wang),甚至(zhi)造成大面積死亡(wang),成為最明顯的(de)(de)(de)農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)殺(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)危(wei)害(hai)。2、慢性(xing)(xing)(xing)危(wei)害(hai):長(chang)期接觸或食用(yong)(yong)(yong)含有(you)農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)殺(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)殘留的(de)(de)(de)食品,可(ke)(ke)使(shi)農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)殺(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)在(zai)(zai)體(ti)(ti)內(nei)(nei)不斷蓄積,對人體(ti)(ti)健(jian)康構(gou)成潛(qian)在(zai)(zai)威脅,即慢性(xing)(xing)(xing)中(zhong)(zhong)毒(du)(du),可(ke)(ke)影(ying)響神(shen)經(jing)系(xi)統,破壞肝臟功(gong)能,造成生(sheng)理障(zhang)礙(ai),影(ying)響生(sheng)殖系(xi)統,產(chan)生(sheng)畸(ji)形(xing)怪胎(tai),導(dao)致(zhi)癌(ai)(ai)癥。3、致(zhi)癌(ai)(ai)、致(zhi)畸(ji)、致(zhi)突變:國際癌(ai)(ai)癥研究機(ji)構(gou)根據動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)實驗(yan)確(que)證(zheng),18種(zhong)廣泛使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)(de)農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)殺(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)具有(you)明顯的(de)(de)(de)致(zhi)癌(ai)(ai)性(xing)(xing)(xing),還有(you)16種(zhong)顯示潛(qian)在(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)(de)致(zhi)癌(ai)(ai)危(wei)險性(xing)(xing)(xing)。目前我國盡(jin)管(guan)頒(ban)布了5批農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)殺(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)安(an)全使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)標準,也規定10類農(nong)藥(yao)(yao)殺(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)劑(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)禁止在(zai)(zai)農(nong)業(ye)上使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong),但有(you)的(de)(de)(de)地方仍在(zai)(zai)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。其中(zhong)(zhong)二溴(xiu)氯丙(bing)烷可(ke)(ke)引發男性(xing)(xing)(xing)不育,對動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)致(zhi)癌(ai)(ai)、致(zhi)突變作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。三(san)環(huan)錫、特(te)普丹對動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)致(zhi)畸(ji)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。二溴(xiu)乙烷可(ke)(ke)使(shi)人、畜(chu)致(zhi)畸(ji)、致(zhi)突變。殺(sha)(sha)蟲(chong)脒(mi)對人有(you)潛(qian)在(zai)(zai)的(de)(de)(de)致(zhi)癌(ai)(ai)威脅,對動(dong)(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)致(zhi)癌(ai)(ai)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。
二、農藥殺蟲劑的種類有哪些
市場上各種殺蟲劑種類繁雜,根據其化學結構特點,可以劃分成幾大類:1、有機磷類:代表:敵敵畏、毒死蜱、丙溴磷、三唑磷、辛硫磷、氧樂果、殺撲磷等。2、氨基甲酸酯類:代表:滅多威、異丙威、仲丁威、涕滅威、克百威、丁硫克百威、茚蟲威。3、擬除蟲菊酯類:代表:胺烯菊酯、丙烯菊酯、苯醚菌酯、二氯苯醚菌酯等、溴氰菊酯、氯氰菊酯、高效氯氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯、高效氯氟氰菊酯、高效氟氯氰菊酯、甲氰菊酯、聯苯菊酯等。4、氯化煙堿類:代表:吡蟲啉、啶蟲脒、烯啶蟲胺、噻蟲嗪、噻蟲啉等。5、發酵抗生素類:代表:阿維菌素、甲維鹽、多殺菌素、瀏陽霉素、蘇云金芽孢桿菌等。6、苯甲酰脲類:代表:滅幼脲、除蟲脲(敵滅靈)、定蟲隆(抑太保)、氟鈴脲(蓋蟲散)、氟蟲脲(卡死克)、伏蟲脲(農夢特)等7、酰胺類:代表:氟蟲酰胺、氯蟲苯甲酰胺、氯蟲苯甲酰胺+噻蟲嗪、氰蟲酰胺。8、吡唑類:代表:氟蟲氰、丁烯氟蟲氰。9、季酮酸類:代表:螺蟲乙酯(畝旺特)、螺螨酯、螺甲螨酯。10、吡啶類:代表:吡蚜酮(吡嗪酮)。農藥殺蟲劑種類眾多,選擇時應根據實際殺蟲的需要挑選,并注意選擇一個好的農藥殺蟲劑品牌產品。
三、農藥殺蟲劑過期了還能用嗎
農(nong)用(yong)(yong)殺蟲劑(ji)是農(nong)藥(yao)的(de)(de)一種,農(nong)藥(yao)是一種特殊的(de)(de)產品,其保(bao)質期是根據正常劑(ji)量下植物病(bing)(bing)蟲害(hai)和(he)雜草的(de)(de)預期防治(zhi)效果而確定的(de)(de),并不是說它不能(neng)在到期日(ri)期之后使(shi)用(yong)(yong),很多過(guo)期的(de)(de)殺蟲劑(ji)只(zhi)要(yao)劑(ji)型的(de)(de)癥狀沒有改(gai)變(bian),例(li)如粉末不結塊,懸浮液(ye)不分層,乳油不混濁,顆粒不變(bian)形,只(zhi)要(yao)適(shi)當擴大點(dian)液(ye)體就不會產生絮凝等,并嚴格按照科學方法使(shi)用(yong)(yong),仍然具有良好的(de)(de)殺蟲和(he)疾病(bing)(bing)預防作用(yong)(yong)。不過(guo)如果是大批(pi)量使(shi)用(yong)(yong)農(nong)用(yong)(yong)殺蟲劑(ji)的(de)(de)話,還(huan)是建議用(yong)(yong)保(bao)質期內的(de)(de)產品,以免藥(yao)效不夠影響(xiang)殺蟲效果。
四、農藥殺蟲劑和殺菌劑能一起用嗎
農業領域使用(yong)(yong)殺(sha)蟲(chong)劑(ji)和(he)殺(sha)菌劑(ji)是(shi)(shi)比較多的,它們可(ke)以混用(yong)(yong),可(ke)擴大防治的范圍,有(you)增效、省工(gong)省時、降低用(yong)(yong)藥(yao)的成(cheng)本(ben)等優點。若是(shi)(shi)同(tong)一種作物發生一種以上(shang)的病害(hai),便可(ke)同(tong)時噴灑殺(sha)菌劑(ji)和(he)殺(sha)蟲(chong)劑(ji)。例(li)如黃瓜上(shang)同(tong)時發生霜霉病,灰霉病或者是(shi)(shi)蚜蟲(chong),就可(ke)噴灑殺(sha)菌劑(ji)和(he)殺(sha)蟲(chong)劑(ji),一次將病害(hai)、蟲(chong)害(hai)都消滅掉(diao)。