北京(jing)有(you)著(zhu)三千(qian)余年的建城史(shi)和八百(bai)五十(shi)余年的建都(dou)史(shi),民國(guo)(guo)(guo)時期,稱(cheng)北平(ping)。新中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)成立(li)后,是中(zhong)(zhong)華人民共(gong)和國(guo)(guo)(guo)的首都(dou),簡稱(cheng)“京(jing)”,現為中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)四個中(zhong)(zhong)央直(zhi)轄市(shi)之一(yi),全國(guo)(guo)(guo)第二大(da)城市(shi)及政(zheng)治、交通和文化中(zhong)(zhong)心。北京(jing)是中(zhong)(zhong)華人民共(gong)和國(guo)(guo)(guo)首都(dou)、中(zhong)(zhong)央直(zhi)轄市(shi)、中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家中(zhong)(zhong)心城市(shi),中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)政(zheng)治、文化、教育和國(guo)(guo)(guo)際交流中(zhong)(zhong)心。