一、空氣分離設備是做什么的
空分設備,全稱是空氣分離設備,是將空氣液化、精餾、最終分離成為氧、氮和其他有用氣體的氣體分離設備。空氣分離設備是將空氣作為原料,利用低溫低溫將空氣轉化為液體,然后在蒸餾過程中將氧氣、氮氣、氬氣等惰性氣體進行分離,在原料的空氣中,除了灰塵之外,還含有水、二氧化碳、碳氫化合物,現在的空分設備大多使用分子篩凈化系統,以改善空氣的清潔,避免水分、二氧化碳的聚集,從而影響到空分裝置的工作。現在的空分設備的形式、種類繁多, 有生產氣態氧、氮的裝置,也有生產液態氧、氮的裝置。空分設備在煤化工、化肥、石化、冶金行業以及IGCC發電企業等行業應用廣泛,如果您需要采購空分設備,可以先來了解一下空分設備十大品牌。
二、空分設備原理
空分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)設備是(shi)一個大型的(de)復雜系統(tong)(tong),主(zhu)要(yao)由動力系統(tong)(tong)、凈化系統(tong)(tong)、制(zhi)冷(leng)系統(tong)(tong)、熱交(jiao)換(huan)系統(tong)(tong)、精(jing)餾(liu)系統(tong)(tong)、產品(pin)輸(shu)送系統(tong)(tong)、液體貯(zhu)存系統(tong)(tong)和控制(zhi)系統(tong)(tong)等(deng)組成(cheng),其工作原理是(shi):利用低溫蒸(zheng)(zheng)餾(liu)將(jiang)空氣(qi)冷(leng)凝成(cheng)液體,根據各組分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)蒸(zheng)(zheng)發溫度(du)的(de)不同(tong)將(jiang)空氣(qi)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)離(li):純氮(dan)和純氧在上塔(ta)(ta)(ta)的(de)頂(ding)部(bu)(bu)和底部(bu)(bu)得(de)到。液氧和液氮(dan)也可(ke)以(yi)從(cong)主(zhu)冷(leng)卻系統(tong)(tong)的(de)蒸(zheng)(zheng)發和冷(leng)凝側除去。精(jing)餾(liu)塔(ta)(ta)(ta)內的(de)空氣(qi)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)離(li)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)為兩(liang)個階(jie)段。空氣(qi)在下柱(zhu)中多(duo)次分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)離(li),獲得(de)液氮(dan)和富(fu)氧液態空氣(qi)。將(jiang)富(fu)氧液態空氣(qi)送入(ru)精(jing)餾(liu)塔(ta)(ta)(ta),得(de)到純氧和純氮(dan)。塔(ta)(ta)(ta)身上部(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)為兩(liang)段:以(yi)液體和空氣(qi)入(ru)口為邊界(jie),上部(bu)(bu)為精(jing)餾(liu)段,蒸(zheng)(zheng)餾(liu)上升氣(qi)體,回收氧氣(qi)成(cheng)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen),凈化氮(dan)氣(qi)純度(du),下部(bu)(bu)為精(jing)餾(liu)段,將(jiang)氮(dan)氣(qi)成(cheng)分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)在液體中分(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)(fen)離(li),提(ti)高液氧純度(du)。
三、空分設備的工藝流程
空分(fen)(fen)設備(bei)是進(jin)(jin)行空氣分(fen)(fen)離的設備(bei),其分(fen)(fen)離空氣的工藝流程(cheng)是:大(da)氣首先經(jing)過壓縮(suo)(suo)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)進(jin)(jin)行初步壓縮(suo)(suo),接著進(jin)(jin)入預冷系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)初步冷卻,然后(hou)再進(jin)(jin)入純(chun)化(hua)(hua)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)除去一(yi)部分(fen)(fen)水分(fen)(fen)、二氧化(hua)(hua)碳等(deng)(deng)雜質(zhi),再經(jing)換熱系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)進(jin)(jin)一(yi)步冷卻,隨后(hou)進(jin)(jin)入到分(fen)(fen)餾系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(主(zhu)要包(bao)含(han)膨脹機、冷箱(xiang)等(deng)(deng),而(er)冷箱(xiang)又(you)含(han)主(zhu)塔、主(zhu)冷、液體泵等(deng)(deng)設備(bei),精餾過程(cheng)即在該系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)完(wan)成(cheng)),最后(hou)進(jin)(jin)入產品氣化(hua)(hua)、壓縮(suo)(suo)、儲存等(deng)(deng)后(hou)備(bei)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)。
四、空分設備安裝規范
1、凡圖紙中(zhong)注(zhu)明氮封(feng)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)出(chu)廠的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei),安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)前必(bi)(bi)須(xu)(xu)認(ren)真的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)檢查氮封(feng)壓(ya)力,如有(you)(you)(you)異常現象,應(ying)(ying)(ying)認(ren)真做好(hao)記錄,并反映(ying)給有(you)(you)(you)關(guan)人員(yuan),切勿急于(yu)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)。在(zai)(zai)保(bao)(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)期內,具(ju)(ju)備(bei)合格證(zheng)(zheng)且(qie)包(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)完整(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)力容(rong)器(qi)(qi),在(zai)(zai)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)前,可不單獨進(jin)行壓(ya)力實(shi)驗(yan),否則(ze),應(ying)(ying)(ying)按圖紙要(yao)(yao)求進(jin)行強度試驗(yan)或(huo)(huo)氣(qi)密(mi)性試驗(yan),介質(zhi)(zhi)為干燥(zao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)無油(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空(kong)(kong)氣(qi)或(huo)(huo)氮氣(qi)。2、所有(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)力容(rong)器(qi)(qi)、閥門及(ji)其(qi)附件,在(zai)(zai)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)前必(bi)(bi)須(xu)(xu)是清潔干燥(zao)和不沾(zhan)油(you)(you)(you)污的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),鋁制(zhi)件的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)脫脂嚴禁使用(yong)CCL4,推薦用(yong)全(quan)氯乙烯(xi)或(huo)(huo)三氯乙烯(xi),凡與氧或(huo)(huo)富氧介質(zhi)(zhi)接觸(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)非鋁制(zhi)作(zuo)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)、閥門、管(guan)道及(ji)各忌油(you)(you)(you)機(ji)械(xie)均用(yong)CCL4脫脂,脫脂結果(guo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最終簽定(ding)方(fang)(fang)法和標準(zhun)(zhun),按照有(you)(you)(you)關(guan)技(ji)術(shu)文件的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)規定(ding)。3、吊裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)鋁制(zhi)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei),應(ying)(ying)(ying)采(cai)用(yong)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)(如索(suo)具(ju)(ju)外套(tao)橡皮管(guan),索(suo)具(ju)(ju)間用(yong)支撐撐開),以(yi)(yi)防止(zhi)損壞設(she)(she)(she)備(bei),安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong),應(ying)(ying)(ying)采(cai)取(qu)包(bao)扎(zha)等(deng)臨時措(cuo)施(shi)(shi),以(yi)(yi)防止(zhi)雨水、灰塵、焊渣(zha)、機(ji)械(xie)雜(za)質(zhi)(zhi)等(deng)落入設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)內及(ji)油(you)(you)(you)脂污染。4、安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)時注(zhu)意塔的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)標高(gao)(gao)、方(fang)(fang)位(wei)。5、冷(leng)(leng)箱(xiang)內的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)容(rong)器(qi)(qi)伐門、管(guan)道及(ji)相應(ying)(ying)(ying)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)支架,冷(leng)(leng)箱(xiang)內表(biao)面(mian)(mian)以(yi)(yi)及(ji)基(ji)礎表(biao)面(mian)(mian)待(dai)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)結束后(hou),均不得(de)沾(zhan)有(you)(you)(you)油(you)(you)(you)脂,否則(ze)應(ying)(ying)(ying)進(jin)行去油(you)(you)(you)處(chu)理。6、空(kong)(kong)、水冷(leng)(leng)塔在(zai)(zai)吊裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)前必(bi)(bi)須(xu)(xu)把(ba)平(ping)臺(tai)、梯子組對焊接好(hao),減少高(gao)(gao)空(kong)(kong)作(zuo)業(ye),做好(hao)吊裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)前的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)準(zhun)(zhun)備(bei)工(gong)(gong)作(zuo),安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)時注(zhu)意標高(gao)(gao)、方(fang)(fang)位(wei),必(bi)(bi)要(yao)(yao)時要(yao)(yao)采(cai)取(qu)防風措(cuo)施(shi)(shi),其(qi)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)垂(chui)直(zhi)度不應(ying)(ying)(ying)大于(yu)1/1000,且(qie)不超過(guo)30毫米。7、安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)中(zhong)遇到的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)設(she)(she)(she)計(ji)、材料(liao)、設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)制(zhi)造等(deng)問題時,施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)人員(yuan)不得(de)擅自決定(ding)處(chu)理,必(bi)(bi)須(xu)(xu)向施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)負責人反映(ying),會同(tong)有(you)(you)(you)關(guan)單位(wei)人員(yuan)商定(ding)解決并留有(you)(you)(you)書(shu)面(mian)(mian)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)依據。8、吊裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)所有(you)(you)(you)繩索(suo)、工(gong)(gong)具(ju)(ju)使用(yong)前都應(ying)(ying)(ying)仔細(xi)檢查、確認(ren)無誤后(hou)方(fang)(fang)可投入使用(yong),設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)放應(ying)(ying)(ying)平(ping)穩、墊實(shi)。9、在(zai)(zai)空(kong)(kong)分設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)過(guo)程(cheng)(cheng)中(zhong),除堅定(ding)執行一般(ban)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)需(xu)遵守的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)技(ji)術(shu)規程(cheng)(cheng)和措(cuo)施(shi)(shi)外,考慮到空(kong)(kong)分設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)體積大、高(gao)(gao)度高(gao)(gao),怕碰、禁油(you)(you)(you)等(deng)特點,高(gao)(gao)空(kong)(kong)多(duo)層作(zuo)業(ye)多(duo),制(zhi)定(ding)相應(ying)(ying)(ying)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)技(ji)術(shu)措(cuo)施(shi)(shi),以(yi)(yi)確保(bao)(bao)工(gong)(gong)程(cheng)(cheng)施(shi)(shi)工(gong)(gong)中(zhong)人員(yuan)及(ji)設(she)(she)(she)備(bei)安(an)(an)(an)(an)(an)全(quan)。