變壓器的原理
變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器的(de)(de)(de)原理(li)并不(bu)復雜,它利用了電(dian)(dian)磁感(gan)應原理(li)。當其中(zhong)一(yi)塊(kuai)(kuai)導電(dian)(dian)體(ti)有(you)一(yi)些不(bu)定(ding)量的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)流通(tong)過(guo),便(bian)會(hui)(hui)產生(sheng)(sheng)變(bian)(bian)動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)磁場。根(gen)據電(dian)(dian)磁的(de)(de)(de)互感(gan)原理(li),這(zhe)變(bian)(bian)動(dong)的(de)(de)(de)磁場會(hui)(hui)使(shi)第二(er)塊(kuai)(kuai)導電(dian)(dian)體(ti)產生(sheng)(sheng)電(dian)(dian)勢差。假如第二(er)塊(kuai)(kuai)導電(dian)(dian)體(ti)是(shi)一(yi)條(tiao)閉合電(dian)(dian)路(lu)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)部份,那(nei)么(me)該閉合電(dian)(dian)路(lu)便(bian)會(hui)(hui)產生(sheng)(sheng)電(dian)(dian)流。電(dian)(dian)力于是(shi)得以傳送。在(zai)通(tong)用的(de)(de)(de)變(bian)(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器中(zhong),有(you)關的(de)(de)(de)導電(dian)(dian)體(ti)是(shi)由電(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)(xian)組成線(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan),因為線(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)所(suo)產生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)磁場要比一(yi)條(tiao)筆(bi)直(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)線(xian)(xian)(xian)大得多。當初(chu)級線(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)中(zhong)通(tong)有(you)交流電(dian)(dian)流時(shi),鐵芯中(zhong)便(bian)產生(sheng)(sheng)交流磁通(tong),使(shi)次(ci)級線(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)中(zhong)感(gan)應出電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)。初(chu)級線(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)、次(ci)級線(xian)(xian)(xian)圈(quan)(quan)的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)壓(ya)(ya)VS,VP和(he)兩(liang)者的(de)(de)(de)繞(rao)線(xian)(xian)(xian)的(de)(de)(de)匝數NS,NP之(zhi)間(jian)有(you)正比的(de)(de)(de)關系。
至于變壓器兩方之間的電流或電壓比例,則取決于兩方電路線圈的圈數。圈數較多的一方電壓較高但電流較小,反之亦然。如果撇除泄漏等因素,變壓器兩方的電壓比例相等于兩方的線圈圈數比例,亦即電壓與圈數成正比。因此可以減小或者增加原線圈和副線圈的匝數比,從而升高或者降低電壓,變壓器品牌產品的(de)(de)這(zhe)個性質(zhi)使它(ta)成(cheng)為轉換(huan)電壓(ya)(ya)的(de)(de)重要(yao)設備。由于變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)遵守這(zhe)兩條(tiao)定律,它(ta)不(bu)會(hui)是放(fang)大器(qi)。如果(guo)處在變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)兩方的(de)(de)電壓(ya)(ya)有所不(bu)同(tong),那么流(liu)(liu)經(jing)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)兩方的(de)(de)電流(liu)(liu)也會(hui)不(bu)同(tong),而兩者的(de)(de)差距則成(cheng)反比。
干式變壓器和油浸式變壓器的區別
干(gan)式變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)能直(zhi)接看到(dao)鐵(tie)芯和(he)線圈,大多使用(yong)(yong)(yong)硅橡膠套(tao)管(guan),適用(yong)(yong)(yong)于配(pei)電用(yong)(yong)(yong),容(rong)量大都在(zai)1600KVA以(yi)(yi)下,電壓(ya)(ya)在(zai)10KV以(yi)(yi)下,也(ye)有個(ge)別做到(dao)35KV電壓(ya)(ya)等級(ji)的(de)(de)。油式變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)只能看到(dao)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)(de)外(wai)殼,大部分使用(yong)(yong)(yong)瓷套(tao)管(guan),可用(yong)(yong)(yong)于高(gao)壓(ya)(ya)電路,可以(yi)(yi)從(cong)小到(dao)大做到(dao)全部容(rong)量,電壓(ya)(ya)等級(ji)也(ye)做到(dao)了所有電壓(ya)(ya)。
變壓器的等級怎么劃分
變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)電壓(ya)(ya)等級是(shi)固定的(de),常見的(de)有1000KV、750KV、500KV、330KV、220KV、110KV、66KV、35KV、20KV、10KV、6KV等等。變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)的(de)容量等級按(an)照R10優(you)先系數來計算的(de),可(ke)分為小(xiao)型(xing)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)、中型(xing)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)、大型(xing)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)、特大型(xing)變(bian)壓(ya)(ya)器(qi)這四個等級。