一、儲能變流器是什么
儲能變流(liu)(liu)器(qi)(Power Conversion System)英文簡稱PCS,又稱儲能逆變器(qi),可控制蓄電(dian)池的(de)充電(dian)和放電(dian)過程,進行交(jiao)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)的(de)變換,在無電(dian)網情況下可以直(zhi)接(jie)為交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)負荷供電(dian)。
儲能變(bian)流(liu)器(qi)PCS由(you)DC/AC雙向變(bian)流(liu)器(qi)、控制(zhi)單元等(deng)構成(cheng)。PCS控制(zhi)器(qi)通(tong)過(guo)通(tong)訊接收后臺控制(zhi)指令,根據功(gong)率(lv)(lv)指令的(de)符號(hao)及大(da)小控制(zhi)變(bian)流(liu)器(qi)對電(dian)池進行充電(dian)或放電(dian),實現對電(dian)網有功(gong)功(gong)率(lv)(lv)及無功(gong)功(gong)率(lv)(lv)的(de)調節。PCS控制(zhi)器(qi)通(tong)過(guo)CAN接口(kou)與BMS通(tong)訊,獲取電(dian)池組狀態信息,可(ke)實現對電(dian)池的(de)保護(hu)性充放電(dian),確保電(dian)池運行安全(quan)。
二、光伏逆變器是什么
光(guang)伏(fu)逆(ni)(ni)變(bian)(bian)器英文名為PV inverter,是(shi)指可將光(guang)伏(fu)太陽能板產生(sheng)的(de)可變(bian)(bian)直流(liu)電壓轉換(huan)為市(shi)電頻率交流(liu)電的(de)逆(ni)(ni)變(bian)(bian)器,通常被輸電系(xi)統、電網、電站應用(yong),是(shi)光(guang)伏(fu)陣列系(xi)統中重要(yao)的(de)系(xi)統平衡(BOS)之一。
光伏逆(ni)變器的(de)缺點是只能(neng)在白(bai)天發電,發電功(gong)率(lv)易(yi)受到天氣(qi)影響等,針對這些(xie)問題(ti),儲(chu)能(neng)逆(ni)變器成(cheng)功(gong)問世。當負荷低谷時(shi),儲(chu)能(neng)逆(ni)變器將輸出電能(neng)用蓄電池存(cun)儲(chu)。當負荷高峰(feng)時(shi),儲(chu)能(neng)逆(ni)變器將釋放存(cun)儲(chu)的(de)電能(neng),以減(jian)少對電網(wang)的(de)壓力。當電網(wang)陷入故(gu)障時(shi),儲(chu)能(neng)逆(ni)變器可切換(huan)成(cheng)離網(wang)模式繼續(xu)供電。
三、儲能變流器和光伏逆變器的區別
1、自用率
儲能逆變器的自用(yong)率(lv)最高可(ke)到80%。光伏逆變器的自用(yong)率(lv)通常在20%左(zuo)右。
2、市電故障
當市(shi)電故障時,光伏逆變(bian)器將陷入癱瘓狀態,儲(chu)能(neng)逆變(bian)器可轉換(huan)離網(wang)模式高效(xiao)供(gong)電。
3、收益
在并網發電補貼(tie)下調的背景(jing)下,儲能逆(ni)變(bian)器收益將比(bi)光伏逆(ni)變(bian)器更高(gao)。
4、天氣因素
光伏逆變器有多(duo)種限制(zhi),如只(zhi)能(neng)白天發(fa)電、發(fa)電功率受(shou)天氣影響、具有不可預見性等(deng)。儲(chu)能(neng)逆變器沒有以(yi)上問題。
四、儲能變流器的作用和優勢
1、突破天氣變化的局限性
由于儲能變流(liu)器能夠將交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)轉(zhuan)換(huan)為直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)儲存(cun)在(zai)蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池內,并在(zai)斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后將蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池內的直流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)轉(zhuan)換(huan)為交流(liu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)供用(yong)戶使用(yong),這就在(zai)很大(da)程度上(shang)降低了天氣狀況對發電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)穩(wen)定性的影響,能夠大(da)大(da)提升電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網的穩(wen)定性和品質。
2、擁有更高的用電效率
與并(bing)網光伏逆變(bian)(bian)(bian)器(qi)相比,儲能變(bian)(bian)(bian)流器(qi)用電(dian)效率(lv)更高,不(bu)(bu)僅(jin)能夠(gou)突破天氣狀(zhuang)況、時間等局限性,解決并(bing)網光伏逆變(bian)(bian)(bian)器(qi)存在(zai)的(de)問題,還能為用戶提供(gong)更加穩定、持久的(de)電(dian)能,避免用電(dian)系統故障帶(dai)來的(de)不(bu)(bu)便和麻煩,這(zhe)也是更多用戶選擇(ze)這(zhe)種(zhong)逆變(bian)(bian)(bian)器(qi)的(de)重要原因所在(zai)。
3、擁有較高的穩定性
在電網系統故障的情況下,儲能變流器能夠(gou)將(jiang)儲存(cun)(cun)的(de)直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)直(zhi)接轉(zhuan)換為交(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)供電(dian)(dian)網(wang)系統(tong)使(shi)用,受(shou)外界(jie)因素的(de)影響較小,能夠(gou)大(da)大(da)降低用電(dian)(dian)成本(ben),具有(you)較高的(de)穩定性。當(dang)處于用電(dian)(dian)高峰期時,儲能變流(liu)器會(hui)將(jiang)太陽(yang)能直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)轉(zhuan)換為交(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)并入電(dian)(dian)網(wang)供廣大(da)用戶(hu)使(shi)用,而處于用電(dian)(dian)低谷期時,儲能變流(liu)器又(you)會(hui)將(jiang)電(dian)(dian)網(wang)中的(de)交(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)轉(zhuan)換為直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)儲存(cun)(cun)起來(lai),能夠(gou)實現直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)和交(jiao)流(liu)電(dian)(dian)的(de)雙(shuang)向(xiang)轉(zhuan)換,而且能夠(gou)為斷(duan)電(dian)(dian)時的(de)用電(dian)(dian)提供強有(you)力的(de)保障。
除了以上作(zuo)用外,儲(chu)能(neng)變(bian)(bian)流器還具有能(neng)夠為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)提(ti)(ti)供更(geng)加(jia)穩定、諧波含量較(jiao)少的(de)純凈電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流,這不僅符(fu)合當今社會節能(neng)減排(pai)的(de)趨勢(shi)和(he)要(yao)求,更(geng)加(jia)提(ti)(ti)升了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)的(de)穩定性和(he)品質(zhi)。總而言之(zhi),儲(chu)能(neng)變(bian)(bian)流器能(neng)夠突破傳統(tong)光伏逆變(bian)(bian)器的(de)局限性,為(wei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)系統(tong)提(ti)(ti)供高品質(zhi)的(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)的(de)同時,還能(neng)降低用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)成(cheng)本,提(ti)(ti)高用電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)效率(lv),這些優勢(shi)和(he)作(zuo)用也是儲(chu)能(neng)變(bian)(bian)流器能(neng)夠在市場上占據一定優勢(shi)的(de)前提(ti)(ti)和(he)保(bao)障。