一、儲能變流器是什么

儲(chu)(chu)能變流(liu)(liu)器(qi)（Power Conversion System）英文簡稱PCS，又稱儲(chu)(chu)能逆(ni)變器(qi)，可控制蓄電池(chi)的充電和放(fang)電過程，進行(xing)交(jiao)直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)的變換，在(zai)無電網情況下可以(yi)直(zhi)接為(wei)交(jiao)流(liu)(liu)負荷供(gong)電。

儲能變流(liu)器PCS由DC/AC雙向變流(liu)器、控(kong)制(zhi)單元(yuan)等構(gou)成。PCS控(kong)制(zhi)器通過通訊接(jie)收后臺控(kong)制(zhi)指令(ling)，根據功(gong)率指令(ling)的符號及(ji)大(da)小(xiao)控(kong)制(zhi)變流(liu)器對電(dian)(dian)池(chi)進(jin)行充電(dian)(dian)或放電(dian)(dian)，實(shi)現(xian)(xian)對電(dian)(dian)網(wang)有功(gong)功(gong)率及(ji)無(wu)功(gong)功(gong)率的調節(jie)。PCS控(kong)制(zhi)器通過CAN接(jie)口(kou)與BMS通訊，獲取電(dian)(dian)池(chi)組狀態信息，可實(shi)現(xian)(xian)對電(dian)(dian)池(chi)的保(bao)護性充放電(dian)(dian)，確(que)保(bao)電(dian)(dian)池(chi)運行安全。

二、光伏逆變器是什么

光伏逆(ni)變器英文名為PV inverter，是指可將光伏太陽能板產生的可變直流電壓轉(zhuan)換為市(shi)電頻率交流電的逆(ni)變器，通常被輸電系(xi)統、電網、電站應用，是光伏陣列(lie)系(xi)統中重要的系(xi)統平衡（BOS）之(zhi)一。

光(guang)伏逆(ni)變器(qi)的(de)(de)缺點是只能(neng)(neng)在白天發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)，發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)功率易受到天氣影(ying)響(xiang)等，針對這些(xie)問題，儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)逆(ni)變器(qi)成功問世。當負荷(he)低谷(gu)時，儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)逆(ni)變器(qi)將輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)用蓄電(dian)(dian)(dian)池存儲(chu)(chu)。當負荷(he)高峰時，儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)逆(ni)變器(qi)將釋放存儲(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)能(neng)(neng)，以減(jian)少對電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)的(de)(de)壓力。當電(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)陷入故障時，儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)(neng)逆(ni)變器(qi)可切(qie)換成離網(wang)模式繼(ji)續供電(dian)(dian)(dian)。

三、儲能變流器和光伏逆變器的區別

1、自用率

儲(chu)能逆變(bian)(bian)器的(de)自(zi)用(yong)(yong)率(lv)最高可到80%。光伏逆變(bian)(bian)器的(de)自(zi)用(yong)(yong)率(lv)通常(chang)在(zai)20%左(zuo)右。

2、市電故障

當市電故障時，光伏逆變器將(jiang)陷入(ru)癱瘓狀態，儲能逆變器可轉換離網模式高效(xiao)供電。

3、收益

在并網發電(dian)補(bu)貼下(xia)調的背景下(xia)，儲能逆變(bian)器(qi)收益(yi)將比(bi)光伏逆變(bian)器(qi)更(geng)高。

4、天氣因素

光伏逆變器有(you)多種(zhong)限(xian)制，如只(zhi)能(neng)白天發電、發電功(gong)率受天氣影響(xiang)、具有(you)不(bu)可預見性等。儲能(neng)逆變器沒有(you)以上(shang)問題(ti)。

四、儲能變流器的作用和優勢

1、突破天氣變化的局限性

由(you)于儲(chu)能(neng)變流(liu)器能(neng)夠將交流(liu)電轉換為直流(liu)電儲(chu)存在蓄電池內，并在斷電后將蓄電池內的直流(liu)電轉換為交流(liu)電供用戶使(shi)用，這就在很大(da)程度上(shang)降低(di)了天氣狀況(kuang)對發(fa)電穩(wen)定(ding)性(xing)的影(ying)響，能(neng)夠大(da)大(da)提升電網的穩(wen)定(ding)性(xing)和品質(zhi)。

2、擁有更高的用電效率

與并網光(guang)(guang)伏逆變器相(xiang)比，儲能變流器用(yong)電(dian)(dian)效率更(geng)(geng)高(gao)，不僅能夠突破天(tian)氣狀況、時間等局限性，解決并網光(guang)(guang)伏逆變器存在的問題，還能為(wei)用(yong)戶(hu)提供更(geng)(geng)加穩(wen)定、持久的電(dian)(dian)能，避(bi)免用(yong)電(dian)(dian)系統故障帶(dai)來的不便和麻煩，這也是更(geng)(geng)多(duo)用(yong)戶(hu)選擇(ze)這種逆變器的重要原因所在。

3、擁有較高的穩定性

在電網系統故障的情況下，儲能變流器能(neng)夠(gou)將儲(chu)(chu)存(cun)的直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)直接轉換(huan)為(wei)交流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)系統使用(yong)，受外界因素(su)的影響較(jiao)小，能(neng)夠(gou)大(da)大(da)降低(di)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)成本，具(ju)有較(jiao)高的穩定性。當處(chu)于用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)高峰期時(shi)，儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)變流器會將太陽能(neng)直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)轉換(huan)為(wei)交流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)并入電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)供廣大(da)用(yong)戶(hu)使用(yong)，而處(chu)于用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)低(di)谷期時(shi)，儲(chu)(chu)能(neng)變流器又會將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網(wang)中的交流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)轉換(huan)為(wei)直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)儲(chu)(chu)存(cun)起來，能(neng)夠(gou)實現直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和交流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)的雙(shuang)向轉換(huan)，而且能(neng)夠(gou)為(wei)斷電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi)的用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)提供強有力的保障。

除了以上作用(yong)外，儲(chu)能(neng)變(bian)(bian)流(liu)器(qi)(qi)還(huan)具有能(neng)夠(gou)為電(dian)(dian)網(wang)提(ti)供(gong)更(geng)加(jia)穩(wen)定、諧波含量較(jiao)少(shao)的(de)(de)純凈電(dian)(dian)流(liu)，這不(bu)僅符合當今社會節能(neng)減排的(de)(de)趨(qu)勢和(he)要求(qiu)，更(geng)加(jia)提(ti)升了電(dian)(dian)網(wang)的(de)(de)穩(wen)定性和(he)品質(zhi)。總(zong)而言之(zhi)，儲(chu)能(neng)變(bian)(bian)流(liu)器(qi)(qi)能(neng)夠(gou)突破傳統光(guang)伏逆變(bian)(bian)器(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)局限性，為電(dian)(dian)網(wang)系統提(ti)供(gong)高品質(zhi)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)能(neng)的(de)(de)同時，還(huan)能(neng)降低用(yong)電(dian)(dian)成本(ben)，提(ti)高用(yong)電(dian)(dian)效率，這些優勢和(he)作用(yong)也是儲(chu)能(neng)變(bian)(bian)流(liu)器(qi)(qi)能(neng)夠(gou)在市場上占據一定優勢的(de)(de)前(qian)提(ti)和(he)保障。