安防監控系統設備包括哪些 安防監控系統的組成部分

安防監控系統設備包括哪些？

以下設備是視頻監(jian)控系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)中常用到的，但是不是都要出現在(zai)一個系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)中，根(gen)據監(jian)控系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)的規模(mo)可能只(zhi)采用其中的部分監(jian)控設備。

一、前端設備

攝像機（網絡型(xing)、半球型(xing)、針孔型(xing)、標準槍(qiang)式、一(yi)體(ti)化(hua)型(xing)、工業型(xing)等）

攝像機(ji)鏡頭（定焦、手動(dong)變焦、自動(dong)光圈(quan)、電動(dong)變焦等(deng)）

攝像機防(fang)護罩（普通槍型(xing)(xing)(xing)、球型(xing)(xing)(xing)、半球型(xing)(xing)(xing)、防(fang)水型(xing)(xing)(xing)、防(fang)爆型(xing)(xing)(xing)、萬能型(xing)(xing)(xing)等(deng)）

攝像機云臺(tai)（普通(tong)型(xing)(xing)、球型(xing)(xing)內(nei)置(zhi)、重(zhong)載型(xing)(xing)、防水防爆型(xing)(xing)、萬(wan)向云臺(tai)等）

解碼器-------室外、室內、普通、防爆、內置等

紅外燈-------LED型、惰(duo)性(xing)氣體(ti)、激光等

等等……

二、傳輸設備

光纖

普通射頻電纜

控制電纜

電源電纜

光纖收發器

光端機

485信號轉換器(qi)

視頻信號放大器

防雷模塊

等等……

三、控制設備

矩陣（數字、模擬、VGA、RGB、多媒體(ti)）

控制鍵盤

控制碼發生器

控制碼轉換器

畫面處理器

PC式錄像機(ji)

嵌入式錄像機

普通模(mo)擬長延(yan)時錄像機(ji)

數字(zi)矩陣（軟件＋解碼卡）

時間字符發生器

視頻分配器

視頻放大器

云臺鏡頭控制器

信號轉換器（RS-232轉485）

等等……

四、顯示設備

CRT監(jian)視器

液晶監視器

電視墻

硬質背投

普通投影幕

VGA監視器

等等……

五、附屬設備、配件

UPS電源

交換機

路由器

控制臺

機柜

鍍鋅管

蛇皮管

PVC塑料管

聚乙烯尼龍管

Q九頭、RJ45頭

開關電源

線卡

PVC線槽

橋架

安防監控系統組成部分

對于(yu)(yu)安防(fang)監(jian)控系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)，根據系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)各(ge)部分功(gong)能的(de)不同(tong)(tong)，我們將整(zheng)個安防(fang)監(jian)控系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)劃分為七層(ceng)(ceng)——表現層(ceng)(ceng)、控制層(ceng)(ceng)、處理層(ceng)(ceng)、傳輸層(ceng)(ceng)、執行層(ceng)(ceng)、支撐(cheng)層(ceng)(ceng)、采集(ji)層(ceng)(ceng)。當然，由于(yu)(yu)設(she)(she)備集(ji)成化越(yue)來越(yue)高，對于(yu)(yu)部分系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)而言，某(mou)些設(she)(she)備可能會同(tong)(tong)時以多(duo)個層(ceng)(ceng)的(de)身(shen)份存在于(yu)(yu)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)中。

一、表現層

表現城是我們最直觀感受到的，它(ta)展現了整個安防(fang)監(jian)控(kong)系統的品(pin)質。如(ru)監(jian)控(kong)電視(shi)(shi)墻、監(jian)視(shi)(shi)器、高音報(bao)警喇叭、報(bao)警自動駁接電話等等都屬于這一(yi)層。

二、控制層

控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)層(ceng)是整(zheng)個安防監(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)系(xi)統的(de)(de)核心，它(ta)是系(xi)統科技水平(ping)的(de)(de)最(zui)明(ming)確體現。通常我們的(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)有兩種(zhong)——模(mo)(mo)擬(ni)(ni)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和數(shu)字(zi)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。模(mo)(mo)擬(ni)(ni)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是早期的(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)，其控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)臺通常由控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)或者模(mo)(mo)擬(ni)(ni)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)矩陣構成(cheng)，適用于(yu)小型(xing)局部安防監(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)系(xi)統，這種(zhong)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)成(cheng)本較(jiao)低(di)，故障率較(jiao)小。但對(dui)于(yu)中(zhong)大(da)(da)型(xing)安防監(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)系(xi)統而言(yan)，這種(zhong)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)就顯得操(cao)作復(fu)(fu)雜且無任何(he)價格(ge)優勢了，這時我們更為(wei)明(ming)智的(de)(de)選擇應(ying)該是數(shu)字(zi)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。數(shu)字(zi)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是將工控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)計算(suan)機(ji)作為(wei)監(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)系(xi)統的(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)核心，它(ta)將復(fu)(fu)雜的(de)(de)模(mo)(mo)擬(ni)(ni)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)操(cao)作變為(wei)簡(jian)單(dan)的(de)(de)鼠標點擊操(cao)作，將巨大(da)(da)的(de)(de)模(mo)(mo)擬(ni)(ni)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)堆疊縮(suo)小為(wei)一個工控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)計算(suan)機(ji)，將復(fu)(fu)雜而數(shu)量龐大(da)(da)的(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)纜(lan)變為(wei)一根串行電(dian)話線(xian)(xian)。它(ta)將中(zhong)遠(yuan)程監(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)變為(wei)事(shi)實、為(wei)Internet遠(yuan)程監(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)提(ti)供方(fang)(fang)便。但數(shu)字(zi)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也不是那么十全十美，控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主機(ji)的(de)(de)價格(ge)比較(jiao)昂貴、模(mo)(mo)塊(kuai)浪費的(de)(de)情況、系(xi)統可(ke)能出現全線(xian)(xian)崩潰的(de)(de)危機(ji)、控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)較(jiao)為(wei)滯后等等問題仍然存在。

三、處理層

處(chu)理(li)層(ceng)(ceng)或許(xu)該稱為音視(shi)(shi)(shi)頻處(chu)理(li)層(ceng)(ceng)，它將有傳輸(shu)層(ceng)(ceng)送過(guo)來的音視(shi)(shi)(shi)頻信號加(jia)以分(fen)(fen)配(pei)、放大(da)、分(fen)(fen)割等(deng)等(deng)處(chu)理(li)，有機的將表(biao)現層(ceng)(ceng)與控制層(ceng)(ceng)加(jia)以連接。音視(shi)(shi)(shi)頻分(fen)(fen)配(pei)器(qi)、音視(shi)(shi)(shi)頻放大(da)器(qi)、視(shi)(shi)(shi)頻分(fen)(fen)割器(qi)、音視(shi)(shi)(shi)頻切換器(qi)等(deng)等(deng)設備都屬于(yu)這一層(ceng)(ceng)。

四、傳輸層

傳(chuan)(chuan)輸層相當(dang)于(yu)安(an)(an)防監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)系統的(de)(de)血脈。在(zai)小型安(an)(an)防監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)系統中(zhong)，我們(men)最常見(jian)的(de)(de)傳(chuan)(chuan)輸層設(she)備(bei)是(shi)視(shi)頻(pin)線(xian)、音(yin)頻(pin)線(xian)，對于(yu)中(zhong)遠程監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)系統而言，我們(men)常使(shi)用的(de)(de)是(shi)射頻(pin)線(xian)、微波，對于(yu)遠程監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)而言，我們(men)通常使(shi)用Internet這一廉價載(zai)體(ti)。值(zhi)得(de)一提的(de)(de)是(shi)，新(xin)出(chu)現(xian)的(de)(de)傳(chuan)(chuan)輸層介質——網(wang)線(xian)/光纖。大多數(shu)(shu)人在(zai)數(shu)(shu)字(zi)安(an)(an)防監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)上存(cun)在(zai)一個誤區，他們(men)認為控(kong)(kong)(kong)制層使(shi)用的(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)字(zi)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制的(de)(de)安(an)(an)防監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)系統就(jiu)是(shi)數(shu)(shu)字(zi)安(an)(an)防監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)系統了(le)，其實不然。純數(shu)(shu)字(zi)安(an)(an)防監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)系統的(de)(de)傳(chuan)(chuan)輸介質一定是(shi)網(wang)線(xian)或光纖。信(xin)號(hao)從采集層出(chu)來時(shi)，就(jiu)已經調制成(cheng)數(shu)(shu)字(zi)信(xin)號(hao)了(le)，數(shu)(shu)字(zi)信(xin)號(hao)在(zai)目前已趨成(cheng)熟的(de)(de)網(wang)絡上跑(pao)，理論上是(shi)無(wu)(wu)衰減的(de)(de)，這就(jiu)保(bao)證遠程監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)圖像的(de)(de)無(wu)(wu)損失顯示，這是(shi)模(mo)擬(ni)(ni)傳(chuan)(chuan)輸無(wu)(wu)法(fa)比擬(ni)(ni)的(de)(de)。當(dang)然，高(gao)性能的(de)(de)回報也需要高(gao)成(cheng)本的(de)(de)投入，這是(shi)純數(shu)(shu)字(zi)安(an)(an)防監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)系統無(wu)(wu)法(fa)普及最重(zhong)要的(de)(de)原因(yin)之(zhi)一。

五、執行層

執行(xing)層是我們控制指令的(de)命令對(dui)象(xiang)，在某(mou)些時候，它和我們后面(mian)所說的(de)支撐誠、采集層不太好(hao)截然分開，我們認為受控對(dui)象(xiang)即為執行(xing)層設備。比如：云臺、鏡頭(tou)、解碼器、球等等。

六、支撐層

顧名思義，支撐(cheng)層是用于后端設(she)備(bei)的支撐(cheng)，保(bao)護和支撐(cheng)采(cai)集(ji)層、執行層設(she)備(bei)。它包(bao)括(kuo)支架、防護罩等(deng)等(deng)輔助設(she)備(bei)。

七、采集層

采集層是整個安防監(jian)控系(xi)統品質好壞的(de)關鍵因素(su)，也是系(xi)統成本開銷(xiao)最大的(de)地方。它包(bao)括鏡頭(tou)、攝像機、報(bao)警傳感器等等。