安防監控系統設備包括哪些 安防監控系統的組成部分

安防監控系統設備包括哪些？

以(yi)下設備是視(shi)頻(pin)監控系(xi)統(tong)中常用到的(de)，但是不(bu)是都要(yao)出(chu)現在一(yi)個系(xi)統(tong)中，根(gen)據監控系(xi)統(tong)的(de)規模可能只采(cai)用其中的(de)部分監控設備。

一、前端設備

攝像機（網絡型、半球(qiu)型、針(zhen)孔型、標準槍(qiang)式、一(yi)體化型、工業型等）

攝像(xiang)機鏡頭（定焦(jiao)、手動(dong)(dong)變焦(jiao)、自動(dong)(dong)光(guang)圈、電動(dong)(dong)變焦(jiao)等）

攝像機防(fang)護罩(zhao)（普通槍型(xing)(xing)(xing)、球(qiu)型(xing)(xing)(xing)、半球(qiu)型(xing)(xing)(xing)、防(fang)水型(xing)(xing)(xing)、防(fang)爆型(xing)(xing)(xing)、萬能型(xing)(xing)(xing)等）

攝像機(ji)云臺（普通型(xing)、球型(xing)內置、重載型(xing)、防水防爆型(xing)、萬向云臺等）

解碼器-------室外、室內、普通、防(fang)爆、內置等(deng)

紅外燈-------LED型、惰性氣體(ti)、激(ji)光(guang)等

等等……

二、傳輸設備

光纖

普通射頻電纜

控制電纜

電源電纜

光纖收發器

光端機

485信號轉換器

視頻信號放大器

防雷模塊

等等……

三、控制設備

矩陣（數字、模擬、VGA、RGB、多媒體）

控制鍵盤

控制碼發生器

控制碼轉換器

畫面處理器

PC式錄像機(ji)

嵌入式錄像機

普通模擬長延時錄(lu)像機(ji)

數(shu)字矩陣（軟(ruan)件＋解碼卡）

時間字符發生器

視頻分配器

視頻放大器

云臺鏡頭控制器

信號轉換器（RS-232轉485）

等等……

四、顯示設備

CRT監視器

液晶監視器

電視墻

硬質背投

普通投影幕

VGA監視器

等等……

五、附屬設備、配件

UPS電源

交換機

路由器

控制臺

機柜

鍍鋅管

蛇皮管

PVC塑料管

聚乙烯尼龍管

Q九頭、RJ45頭

開關電源

線卡

PVC線槽

橋架

安防監控系統組成部分

對于安防監(jian)控(kong)系統(tong)(tong)，根據系統(tong)(tong)各部(bu)分功能的不同，我(wo)們(men)將整(zheng)個安防監(jian)控(kong)系統(tong)(tong)劃(hua)分為七(qi)層(ceng)(ceng)——表(biao)現(xian)層(ceng)(ceng)、控(kong)制層(ceng)(ceng)、處理層(ceng)(ceng)、傳(chuan)輸層(ceng)(ceng)、執行層(ceng)(ceng)、支(zhi)撐層(ceng)(ceng)、采(cai)集(ji)層(ceng)(ceng)。當然，由于設備(bei)(bei)集(ji)成化越來越高(gao)，對于部(bu)分系統(tong)(tong)而(er)言(yan)，某些(xie)設備(bei)(bei)可能會同時以多(duo)個層(ceng)(ceng)的身份(fen)存在(zai)于系統(tong)(tong)中。

一、表現層

表現城是我(wo)們(men)最直觀感受到的，它展(zhan)現了整個安(an)防監控(kong)系統(tong)的品質。如監控(kong)電(dian)視墻、監視器、高音報警喇(la)叭、報警自動(dong)駁(bo)接電(dian)話等等都屬于(yu)這(zhe)一層。

二、控制層

控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)層是(shi)整個(ge)安防(fang)監(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)核(he)心，它(ta)是(shi)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)科技水平的(de)最明確體現(xian)(xian)。通(tong)常(chang)我們的(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)有兩種(zhong)——模(mo)擬(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和數(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。模(mo)擬(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)早期的(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)，其控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)臺通(tong)常(chang)由(you)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器或者模(mo)擬(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)矩(ju)陣構成，適(shi)用于小(xiao)型局部安防(fang)監(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)，這種(zhong)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)成本較(jiao)低，故障(zhang)率較(jiao)小(xiao)。但對于中大型安防(fang)監(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)而言(yan)，這種(zhong)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)就顯得操(cao)作(zuo)復(fu)(fu)雜且無任何價格(ge)優(you)勢了，這時我們更(geng)為(wei)(wei)明智的(de)選擇應該是(shi)數(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。數(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)將工(gong)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)計算(suan)機作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)監(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)核(he)心，它(ta)將復(fu)(fu)雜的(de)模(mo)擬(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)操(cao)作(zuo)變為(wei)(wei)簡單的(de)鼠標點擊操(cao)作(zuo)，將巨大的(de)模(mo)擬(ni)(ni)(ni)(ni)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器堆疊縮(suo)小(xiao)為(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)工(gong)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)計算(suan)機，將復(fu)(fu)雜而數(shu)(shu)量龐大的(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)電纜變為(wei)(wei)一(yi)(yi)根串行電話線(xian)。它(ta)將中遠程(cheng)監(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)變為(wei)(wei)事實(shi)、為(wei)(wei)Internet遠程(cheng)監(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)提供(gong)方(fang)(fang)便(bian)。但數(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)不(bu)是(shi)那么十全十美，控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主機的(de)價格(ge)比較(jiao)昂貴、模(mo)塊浪費的(de)情況、系(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)可能出現(xian)(xian)全線(xian)崩潰的(de)危機、控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)較(jiao)為(wei)(wei)滯后等(deng)(deng)等(deng)(deng)問(wen)題仍然(ran)存在。

三、處理層

處(chu)理層(ceng)(ceng)或(huo)許(xu)該稱為音(yin)視(shi)頻(pin)(pin)處(chu)理層(ceng)(ceng)，它將(jiang)有(you)傳輸層(ceng)(ceng)送過來的音(yin)視(shi)頻(pin)(pin)信號(hao)加以(yi)分(fen)配、放大(da)、分(fen)割等(deng)等(deng)處(chu)理，有(you)機的將(jiang)表(biao)現層(ceng)(ceng)與控(kong)制(zhi)層(ceng)(ceng)加以(yi)連接。音(yin)視(shi)頻(pin)(pin)分(fen)配器、音(yin)視(shi)頻(pin)(pin)放大(da)器、視(shi)頻(pin)(pin)分(fen)割器、音(yin)視(shi)頻(pin)(pin)切(qie)換器等(deng)等(deng)設備都(dou)屬于這一(yi)層(ceng)(ceng)。

四、傳輸層

傳(chuan)輸(shu)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)相當(dang)于(yu)安防(fang)(fang)(fang)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)系(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)血(xue)脈。在(zai)小型安防(fang)(fang)(fang)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)系(xi)統(tong)中(zhong)，我們(men)最(zui)常見的(de)(de)傳(chuan)輸(shu)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)設備是(shi)(shi)視頻(pin)線、音頻(pin)線，對(dui)于(yu)中(zhong)遠程(cheng)(cheng)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)系(xi)統(tong)而(er)言，我們(men)常使(shi)用(yong)的(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)射頻(pin)線、微(wei)波，對(dui)于(yu)遠程(cheng)(cheng)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)而(er)言，我們(men)通常使(shi)用(yong)Internet這一廉價(jia)載體。值得一提的(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)，新(xin)出現的(de)(de)傳(chuan)輸(shu)層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)介質(zhi)——網線/光纖。大多數(shu)人(ren)在(zai)數(shu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)安防(fang)(fang)(fang)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)上(shang)存(cun)在(zai)一個誤區，他(ta)們(men)認為(wei)控(kong)(kong)制層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)使(shi)用(yong)的(de)(de)數(shu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)控(kong)(kong)制的(de)(de)安防(fang)(fang)(fang)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)系(xi)統(tong)就是(shi)(shi)數(shu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)安防(fang)(fang)(fang)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)系(xi)統(tong)了(le)，其實不然。純數(shu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)安防(fang)(fang)(fang)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)系(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)傳(chuan)輸(shu)介質(zhi)一定是(shi)(shi)網線或光纖。信號(hao)從采集層(ceng)(ceng)(ceng)出來時，就已(yi)經(jing)調制成數(shu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)信號(hao)了(le)，數(shu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)信號(hao)在(zai)目(mu)前已(yi)趨成熟的(de)(de)網絡(luo)上(shang)跑，理論上(shang)是(shi)(shi)無(wu)衰減的(de)(de)，這就保證遠程(cheng)(cheng)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)圖像的(de)(de)無(wu)損失(shi)顯(xian)示，這是(shi)(shi)模擬傳(chuan)輸(shu)無(wu)法(fa)比擬的(de)(de)。當(dang)然，高性能(neng)的(de)(de)回報也需(xu)要高成本的(de)(de)投入，這是(shi)(shi)純數(shu)字(zi)(zi)(zi)安防(fang)(fang)(fang)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)系(xi)統(tong)無(wu)法(fa)普及最(zui)重(zhong)要的(de)(de)原因之(zhi)一。

五、執行層

執行(xing)層(ceng)是我們(men)控(kong)制指令的(de)命令對象，在某些時候，它和我們(men)后面所說的(de)支(zhi)撐誠、采集(ji)層(ceng)不太好截然分(fen)開，我們(men)認為受控(kong)對象即為執行(xing)層(ceng)設備。比如：云臺(tai)、鏡頭、解碼器、球等等。

六、支撐層

顧名思義，支(zhi)撐層是用于后端設備的支(zhi)撐，保護(hu)和(he)支(zhi)撐采集層、執行層設備。它(ta)包括支(zhi)架、防護(hu)罩等等輔助設備。

七、采集層

采(cai)集層是整個安防監控系統(tong)品(pin)質(zhi)好壞的關鍵因素，也是系統(tong)成本開(kai)銷最大的地方。它包(bao)括鏡(jing)頭、攝像機、報警傳感器等(deng)等(deng)。