安防監控系統設備包括哪些 安防監控系統的組成部分

安防監控系統設備包括哪些？

以下設備(bei)是視(shi)頻監控系統(tong)中(zhong)(zhong)常用(yong)到的，但是不是都(dou)要出現(xian)在一個系統(tong)中(zhong)(zhong)，根據監控系統(tong)的規模(mo)可(ke)能(neng)只采用(yong)其中(zhong)(zhong)的部分監控設備(bei)。

一、前端設備

攝像機（網絡型(xing)、半球型(xing)、針孔型(xing)、標準槍式(shi)、一體(ti)化型(xing)、工業型(xing)等）

攝像(xiang)機鏡頭（定(ding)焦(jiao)、手動變焦(jiao)、自動光圈、電動變焦(jiao)等）

攝像機防(fang)護罩（普通槍型(xing)、球型(xing)、半球型(xing)、防(fang)水型(xing)、防(fang)爆型(xing)、萬能型(xing)等）

攝像機(ji)云臺(tai)（普通(tong)型(xing)、球型(xing)內置、重載型(xing)、防水防爆型(xing)、萬向云臺(tai)等(deng)）

解碼器-------室(shi)外、室(shi)內(nei)、普(pu)通(tong)、防爆、內(nei)置等

紅外燈-------LED型、惰性氣體、激光等

等等……

二、傳輸設備

光纖

普通射頻電纜

控制電纜

電源電纜

光纖收發器

光端機

485信(xin)號轉換器(qi)

視頻信號放大器

防雷模塊

等等……

三、控制設備

矩陣（數字、模擬、VGA、RGB、多媒體）

控制鍵盤

控制碼發生器

控制碼轉換器

畫面處理器

PC式錄像機

嵌入式錄像機

普(pu)通模擬長延時錄像機

數字(zi)矩陣(zhen)（軟件＋解碼(ma)卡）

時間字符發生器

視頻分配器

視頻放大器

云臺鏡頭控制器

信號轉換器（RS-232轉485）

等等……

四、顯示設備

CRT監視(shi)器

液晶監視器

電視墻

硬質背投

普通投影幕

VGA監視器

等等……

五、附屬設備、配件

UPS電源

交換機

路由器

控制臺

機柜

鍍鋅管

蛇皮管

PVC塑(su)料(liao)管

聚乙烯尼龍管

Q九頭、RJ45頭

開關電源

線卡

PVC線槽(cao)

橋架

安防監控系統組成部分

對于(yu)安(an)防監(jian)(jian)控(kong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)，根(gen)據系(xi)(xi)統(tong)各部(bu)分(fen)功(gong)能(neng)的(de)不同，我們將整個安(an)防監(jian)(jian)控(kong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)劃分(fen)為七層(ceng)(ceng)——表現(xian)層(ceng)(ceng)、控(kong)制層(ceng)(ceng)、處理(li)層(ceng)(ceng)、傳(chuan)輸層(ceng)(ceng)、執行(xing)層(ceng)(ceng)、支撐層(ceng)(ceng)、采集層(ceng)(ceng)。當然，由于(yu)設備集成化越(yue)來越(yue)高，對于(yu)部(bu)分(fen)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)而言，某些(xie)設備可(ke)能(neng)會同時以多個層(ceng)(ceng)的(de)身份(fen)存(cun)在(zai)于(yu)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)中。

一、表現層

表現城(cheng)是我們最直觀感(gan)受到的，它展現了整個安防監(jian)控(kong)系統(tong)的品質(zhi)。如監(jian)控(kong)電(dian)視(shi)墻、監(jian)視(shi)器、高音報警喇叭、報警自(zi)動駁接電(dian)話等(deng)等(deng)都屬于這(zhe)一層。

二、控制層

控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)層是(shi)整個(ge)安防(fang)監控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)核(he)心，它是(shi)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)科技水平(ping)的(de)最明確體現(xian)。通常我(wo)們(men)的(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)有兩種(zhong)——模(mo)擬控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和數(shu)字控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。模(mo)擬控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)早期(qi)的(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)，其控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)臺(tai)通常由控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器或者模(mo)擬控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)矩陣構成(cheng)(cheng)，適用于(yu)小型(xing)局部安防(fang)監控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)，這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)較(jiao)低，故(gu)障率(lv)較(jiao)小。但(dan)(dan)對于(yu)中大(da)型(xing)安防(fang)監控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)而(er)言(yan)，這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)方(fang)(fang)式(shi)就顯得操(cao)作(zuo)復雜(za)(za)且無(wu)任(ren)何價格優勢了，這(zhe)(zhe)時我(wo)們(men)更為(wei)(wei)(wei)明智的(de)選擇應該是(shi)數(shu)字控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。數(shu)字控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)將工控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)計算機作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)(wei)監控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)的(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)核(he)心，它將復雜(za)(za)的(de)模(mo)擬控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)操(cao)作(zuo)變為(wei)(wei)(wei)簡單的(de)鼠(shu)標(biao)點擊操(cao)作(zuo)，將巨大(da)的(de)模(mo)擬控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器堆疊縮小為(wei)(wei)(wei)一個(ge)工控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)計算機，將復雜(za)(za)而(er)數(shu)量龐大(da)的(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)電纜變為(wei)(wei)(wei)一根串行(xing)電話線。它將中遠(yuan)程(cheng)監控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)變為(wei)(wei)(wei)事實、為(wei)(wei)(wei)Internet遠(yuan)程(cheng)監控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)提(ti)供(gong)方(fang)(fang)便。但(dan)(dan)數(shu)字控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也不是(shi)那么十(shi)全十(shi)美(mei)，控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主機的(de)價格比較(jiao)昂貴、模(mo)塊浪費的(de)情(qing)況、系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)可能出(chu)現(xian)全線崩潰的(de)危機、控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)較(jiao)為(wei)(wei)(wei)滯后等等問題仍然存在(zai)。

三、處理層

處理(li)層(ceng)(ceng)或許(xu)該稱為音視(shi)頻(pin)處理(li)層(ceng)(ceng)，它將有傳輸(shu)層(ceng)(ceng)送(song)過來的音視(shi)頻(pin)信號(hao)加(jia)(jia)以(yi)分配、放大(da)、分割等等處理(li)，有機的將表現層(ceng)(ceng)與控制(zhi)層(ceng)(ceng)加(jia)(jia)以(yi)連(lian)接。音視(shi)頻(pin)分配器(qi)、音視(shi)頻(pin)放大(da)器(qi)、視(shi)頻(pin)分割器(qi)、音視(shi)頻(pin)切換器(qi)等等設備都屬于這一層(ceng)(ceng)。

四、傳輸層

傳(chuan)(chuan)輸(shu)層(ceng)(ceng)相當于安(an)防監(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)系(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)血脈。在(zai)(zai)小型安(an)防監(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)系(xi)統(tong)中(zhong)，我們(men)(men)最常見的(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)(chuan)輸(shu)層(ceng)(ceng)設備是(shi)視頻(pin)(pin)(pin)線(xian)(xian)、音頻(pin)(pin)(pin)線(xian)(xian)，對于中(zhong)遠程(cheng)監(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)系(xi)統(tong)而言，我們(men)(men)常使(shi)(shi)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)射頻(pin)(pin)(pin)線(xian)(xian)、微波，對于遠程(cheng)監(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)而言，我們(men)(men)通(tong)常使(shi)(shi)用(yong)Internet這(zhe)(zhe)一(yi)(yi)(yi)廉價(jia)載體。值得一(yi)(yi)(yi)提的(de)(de)(de)是(shi)，新(xin)出(chu)現的(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)(chuan)輸(shu)層(ceng)(ceng)介質(zhi)——網線(xian)(xian)/光(guang)纖(xian)。大多數(shu)(shu)人(ren)在(zai)(zai)數(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)安(an)防監(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)上存在(zai)(zai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)誤區，他們(men)(men)認為(wei)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)層(ceng)(ceng)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)的(de)(de)(de)數(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)安(an)防監(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)系(xi)統(tong)就是(shi)數(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)安(an)防監(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)系(xi)統(tong)了，其實不然。純(chun)數(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)安(an)防監(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)系(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)(de)傳(chuan)(chuan)輸(shu)介質(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)定是(shi)網線(xian)(xian)或光(guang)纖(xian)。信號從(cong)采集層(ceng)(ceng)出(chu)來時(shi)，就已(yi)經調制(zhi)成(cheng)數(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)信號了，數(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)信號在(zai)(zai)目(mu)前已(yi)趨(qu)成(cheng)熟的(de)(de)(de)網絡上跑，理(li)論上是(shi)無(wu)衰減的(de)(de)(de)，這(zhe)(zhe)就保證(zheng)遠程(cheng)監(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)圖(tu)像的(de)(de)(de)無(wu)損失(shi)顯示，這(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)模擬(ni)傳(chuan)(chuan)輸(shu)無(wu)法比擬(ni)的(de)(de)(de)。當然，高性能的(de)(de)(de)回報也需要高成(cheng)本(ben)的(de)(de)(de)投入，這(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)純(chun)數(shu)(shu)字(zi)(zi)安(an)防監(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)系(xi)統(tong)無(wu)法普及最重要的(de)(de)(de)原因之一(yi)(yi)(yi)。

五、執行層

執行層(ceng)(ceng)是我(wo)們(men)控制指令的命令對象(xiang)，在某(mou)些時候，它和(he)我(wo)們(men)后面所(suo)說的支撐誠、采集層(ceng)(ceng)不太好截然分開，我(wo)們(men)認為受(shou)控對象(xiang)即為執行層(ceng)(ceng)設備(bei)。比如：云臺、鏡頭(tou)、解(jie)碼(ma)器、球等等。

六、支撐層

顧名(ming)思義，支(zhi)撐(cheng)層(ceng)是用(yong)于后端設(she)備(bei)的支(zhi)撐(cheng)，保護和支(zhi)撐(cheng)采集(ji)層(ceng)、執行(xing)層(ceng)設(she)備(bei)。它包括支(zhi)架、防護罩等等輔助設(she)備(bei)。

七、采集層

采集(ji)層是整個安防(fang)監控系統品質好壞的關(guan)鍵因素(su)，也是系統成本開銷最大的地方。它包括鏡頭、攝(she)像(xiang)機、報(bao)警傳感器等(deng)等(deng)。