安防監控系統設備包括哪些 安防監控系統的組成部分
安防監控系統設備包括哪些?
以下設(she)備是視頻(pin)監(jian)控(kong)系(xi)統中(zhong)常(chang)用(yong)到的,但是不是都要出現在一個系(xi)統中(zhong),根據監(jian)控(kong)系(xi)統的規模可能只(zhi)采用(yong)其中(zhong)的部分監(jian)控(kong)設(she)備。
一、前端設備
攝像機(網絡型(xing)、半球型(xing)、針(zhen)孔型(xing)、標(biao)準槍(qiang)式、一(yi)體(ti)化型(xing)、工業型(xing)等)
攝(she)像機鏡頭(定焦(jiao)、手動(dong)變(bian)焦(jiao)、自動(dong)光圈、電動(dong)變(bian)焦(jiao)等)
攝像機防(fang)護罩(普通(tong)槍型(xing)、球型(xing)、半球型(xing)、防(fang)水(shui)型(xing)、防(fang)爆型(xing)、萬能型(xing)等)
攝(she)像機云臺(普通型(xing)、球(qiu)型(xing)內置、重載型(xing)、防水防爆(bao)型(xing)、萬(wan)向云臺等(deng))
解碼器-------室(shi)外、室(shi)內、普(pu)通、防爆(bao)、內置(zhi)等
紅外燈-------LED型(xing)、惰性氣體、激光等
等等……
二、傳輸設備
普通射頻電纜
控制電纜
電源電纜
光纖收發器
光端機
485信號轉換器
視頻信號放大器
防雷模塊
等等……
三、控制設備
矩陣(數字、模擬、VGA、RGB、多媒體(ti))
控制鍵盤
控制碼發生器
控制碼轉換器
畫面處理器
PC式錄像(xiang)機
嵌入式錄像機
普通模擬(ni)長延時錄像機(ji)
數字(zi)矩陣(軟件+解碼卡)
時間字符發生器
視頻分配器
視頻放大器
云臺鏡頭控制器
信號轉換器(RS-232轉(zhuan)485)
等等……
四、顯示設備
CRT監視(shi)器
液晶監視器
電視墻
硬質背投
普通投影幕
VGA監(jian)視器
等等……
五、附屬設備、配件
UPS電源
交換機
控制臺
機柜
鍍鋅管
蛇皮管
PVC塑料管
聚乙烯尼龍管
Q九頭、RJ45頭
開關電源
線卡
PVC線槽
橋架
安防監控系統組成部分
對于(yu)安防監(jian)控系(xi)(xi)統(tong),根據(ju)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)各部(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)功能的(de)不同,我們將整(zheng)個安防監(jian)控系(xi)(xi)統(tong)劃分(fen)(fen)為七層(ceng)——表現(xian)層(ceng)、控制層(ceng)、處理(li)層(ceng)、傳輸層(ceng)、執行層(ceng)、支撐層(ceng)、采集層(ceng)。當然(ran),由(you)于(yu)設備集成化越來越高(gao),對于(yu)部(bu)(bu)分(fen)(fen)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)而(er)言,某些設備可能會同時以多個層(ceng)的(de)身(shen)份存在于(yu)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)中。
一、表現層
表現(xian)城是我們最直觀感受到的(de),它展現(xian)了整個安防(fang)監控系統的(de)品質。如(ru)監控電(dian)視(shi)墻、監視(shi)器、高音報(bao)警喇(la)叭、報(bao)警自動(dong)駁接電(dian)話等(deng)(deng)等(deng)(deng)都屬于這一層。
二、控制層
控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)層是(shi)整個(ge)安(an)防監(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)系統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)核心,它是(shi)系統科技水平(ping)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)最(zui)明確(que)體現。通常我們的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方式有兩(liang)種(zhong)——模擬(ni)(ni)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和數字控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。模擬(ni)(ni)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)早(zao)期的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方式,其(qi)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)臺通常由控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器或(huo)者模擬(ni)(ni)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)矩陣構成,適用于(yu)(yu)小型局部安(an)防監(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)系統,這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方式成本較低,故障率較小。但(dan)對于(yu)(yu)中(zhong)大型安(an)防監(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)系統而(er)言,這(zhe)(zhe)種(zhong)方式就顯得操(cao)作復(fu)雜且無(wu)任何(he)價格優勢了(le),這(zhe)(zhe)時我們更為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)明智(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)選擇應該是(shi)數字控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。數字控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是(shi)將工(gong)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)計算機作為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)監(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)系統的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)核心,它將復(fu)雜的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)模擬(ni)(ni)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)操(cao)作變為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)簡單的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)鼠標點擊操(cao)作,將巨大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)模擬(ni)(ni)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器堆疊縮小為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一個(ge)工(gong)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)計算機,將復(fu)雜而(er)數量龐大的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)電(dian)纜變為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)一根串行電(dian)話(hua)線。它將中(zhong)遠程監(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)變為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)事實(shi)、為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)Internet遠程監(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)提供(gong)方便。但(dan)數字控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也不是(shi)那么十(shi)全十(shi)美,控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主(zhu)機的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)價格比較昂(ang)貴(gui)、模塊浪費的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)情況、系統可能出現全線崩潰的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)危機、控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)較為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)滯后等等問(wen)題(ti)仍(reng)然存在。
三、處理層
處理(li)層(ceng)或許該稱為(wei)音(yin)視頻(pin)(pin)處理(li)層(ceng),它將有(you)傳輸層(ceng)送過來的音(yin)視頻(pin)(pin)信號加以分(fen)配、放大(da)(da)、分(fen)割等(deng)等(deng)處理(li),有(you)機的將表現層(ceng)與(yu)控制層(ceng)加以連接。音(yin)視頻(pin)(pin)分(fen)配器(qi)(qi)、音(yin)視頻(pin)(pin)放大(da)(da)器(qi)(qi)、視頻(pin)(pin)分(fen)割器(qi)(qi)、音(yin)視頻(pin)(pin)切(qie)換(huan)器(qi)(qi)等(deng)等(deng)設(she)備都屬于(yu)這一層(ceng)。
四、傳輸層
傳輸(shu)(shu)層相當于安(an)防(fang)監(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)系統(tong)(tong)的(de)血脈。在(zai)小型安(an)防(fang)監(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)系統(tong)(tong)中,我(wo)們最(zui)常見(jian)的(de)傳輸(shu)(shu)層設(she)備是(shi)視頻(pin)(pin)線(xian)(xian)、音頻(pin)(pin)線(xian)(xian),對于中遠(yuan)程監(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)系統(tong)(tong)而言(yan),我(wo)們常使(shi)用(yong)的(de)是(shi)射(she)頻(pin)(pin)線(xian)(xian)、微波,對于遠(yuan)程監(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)而言(yan),我(wo)們通常使(shi)用(yong)Internet這一(yi)(yi)廉價載體。值得一(yi)(yi)提(ti)的(de)是(shi),新出(chu)現的(de)傳輸(shu)(shu)層介(jie)質(zhi)——網(wang)線(xian)(xian)/光(guang)纖。大多數(shu)人在(zai)數(shu)字(zi)安(an)防(fang)監(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)上(shang)(shang)存在(zai)一(yi)(yi)個誤區,他們認為控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)層使(shi)用(yong)的(de)數(shu)字(zi)控(kong)(kong)制(zhi)的(de)安(an)防(fang)監(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)系統(tong)(tong)就(jiu)是(shi)數(shu)字(zi)安(an)防(fang)監(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)系統(tong)(tong)了,其實(shi)不然(ran)。純數(shu)字(zi)安(an)防(fang)監(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)系統(tong)(tong)的(de)傳輸(shu)(shu)介(jie)質(zhi)一(yi)(yi)定是(shi)網(wang)線(xian)(xian)或光(guang)纖。信(xin)(xin)號(hao)從(cong)采集層出(chu)來時,就(jiu)已經(jing)調制(zhi)成數(shu)字(zi)信(xin)(xin)號(hao)了,數(shu)字(zi)信(xin)(xin)號(hao)在(zai)目前已趨成熟的(de)網(wang)絡上(shang)(shang)跑,理論(lun)上(shang)(shang)是(shi)無衰(shuai)減的(de),這就(jiu)保證(zheng)遠(yuan)程監(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)圖像(xiang)的(de)無損失顯(xian)示,這是(shi)模擬傳輸(shu)(shu)無法(fa)比(bi)擬的(de)。當然(ran),高性(xing)能的(de)回報(bao)也需要高成本的(de)投入,這是(shi)純數(shu)字(zi)安(an)防(fang)監(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)系統(tong)(tong)無法(fa)普(pu)及(ji)最(zui)重(zhong)要的(de)原因(yin)之(zhi)一(yi)(yi)。
五、執行層
執行(xing)層(ceng)是我(wo)們(men)(men)控制(zhi)指令的命令對象(xiang),在某些時候(hou),它和我(wo)們(men)(men)后(hou)面所說的支(zhi)撐誠、采集(ji)層(ceng)不太(tai)好截然分開,我(wo)們(men)(men)認為受控對象(xiang)即為執行(xing)層(ceng)設備。比如:云臺、鏡頭(tou)、解碼器、球(qiu)等等。
六、支撐層
顧名思(si)義,支(zhi)撐(cheng)層(ceng)是用于后端設備的(de)支(zhi)撐(cheng),保護和支(zhi)撐(cheng)采集層(ceng)、執(zhi)行層(ceng)設備。它包括支(zhi)架、防(fang)護罩(zhao)等(deng)等(deng)輔助設備。
七、采集層
采(cai)集層是整(zheng)個安防監控系統品質好壞的關(guan)鍵因素,也是系統成本開銷最大的地方。它包括鏡頭、攝(she)像機(ji)、報警傳感器等等。