安防監控系統設備包括哪些 安防監控系統的組成部分

安防監控系統設備包括哪些？

以下設備(bei)是(shi)視頻監控系(xi)統中常用到的(de)，但是(shi)不(bu)是(shi)都要出現在一(yi)個系(xi)統中，根據(ju)監控系(xi)統的(de)規模可能只采(cai)用其中的(de)部分(fen)監控設備(bei)。

一、前端設備

攝像機（網絡型、半球型、針孔型、標準槍(qiang)式、一(yi)體化型、工(gong)業型等）

攝像機(ji)鏡(jing)頭（定焦(jiao)、手動變焦(jiao)、自(zi)動光圈、電動變焦(jiao)等(deng)）

攝像機防護罩（普(pu)通槍型(xing)(xing)、球型(xing)(xing)、半球型(xing)(xing)、防水型(xing)(xing)、防爆型(xing)(xing)、萬能型(xing)(xing)等(deng)）

攝(she)像機云臺(tai)（普通(tong)型(xing)、球(qiu)型(xing)內置、重載型(xing)、防(fang)(fang)水(shui)防(fang)(fang)爆型(xing)、萬向云臺(tai)等）

解碼器-------室外、室內、普(pu)通、防爆、內置等

紅外燈-------LED型(xing)、惰性氣(qi)體、激光等

等等……

二、傳輸設備

光纖

普通射頻電纜

控制電纜

電源電纜

光纖收發器

光端機

485信(xin)號(hao)轉換器

視頻信號放大器

防雷模塊

等等……

三、控制設備

矩陣（數字、模擬、VGA、RGB、多媒體(ti)）

控制鍵盤

控制碼發生器

控制碼轉換器

畫面處理器

PC式錄像機

嵌入式錄像機

普通模擬長(chang)延時(shi)錄像機

數字矩(ju)陣(zhen)（軟件＋解碼(ma)卡）

時間字符發生器

視頻分配器

視頻放大器

云臺鏡頭控制器

信號轉換器（RS-232轉485）

等等……

四、顯示設備

CRT監視器

液晶監視器

電視墻

硬質背投

普通投影幕

VGA監(jian)視器

等等……

五、附屬設備、配件

UPS電源

交換機

路由器

控制臺

機柜

鍍鋅管

蛇皮管

PVC塑料管

聚乙烯尼龍管

Q九頭、RJ45頭

開關電源

線卡

PVC線槽

橋架

安防監控系統組成部分

對(dui)于(yu)(yu)安防監控(kong)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)，根據(ju)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)各部分功能的不同(tong)，我們將整個(ge)安防監控(kong)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)劃分為七層——表現(xian)層、控(kong)制層、處理(li)層、傳輸(shu)層、執行層、支撐層、采集(ji)層。當然(ran)，由于(yu)(yu)設備(bei)集(ji)成(cheng)化越來越高(gao)，對(dui)于(yu)(yu)部分系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)而言，某些(xie)設備(bei)可能會(hui)同(tong)時(shi)以多個(ge)層的身(shen)份存在于(yu)(yu)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)中。

一、表現層

表(biao)現(xian)城(cheng)是我們最直觀(guan)感受到的(de)，它(ta)展現(xian)了整個(ge)安防監控(kong)(kong)系(xi)統(tong)的(de)品質(zhi)。如監控(kong)(kong)電視(shi)(shi)墻、監視(shi)(shi)器、高(gao)音報警喇叭、報警自動駁(bo)接電話等(deng)等(deng)都屬于這(zhe)一層。

二、控制層

控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)層是整個安(an)(an)防(fang)監(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)核心，它是系(xi)(xi)統(tong)科技水平的(de)(de)最明確體現。通(tong)常(chang)我(wo)們的(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)式(shi)有(you)兩(liang)種(zhong)——模(mo)(mo)(mo)擬控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)和數(shu)字(zi)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。模(mo)(mo)(mo)擬控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是早期的(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)式(shi)，其控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)臺通(tong)常(chang)由控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)或者模(mo)(mo)(mo)擬控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)矩陣構成(cheng)(cheng)，適用于(yu)小型(xing)局部(bu)安(an)(an)防(fang)監(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)，這種(zhong)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)方(fang)式(shi)成(cheng)(cheng)本(ben)較(jiao)低(di)，故障(zhang)率(lv)較(jiao)小。但(dan)對于(yu)中(zhong)大(da)型(xing)安(an)(an)防(fang)監(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)而言，這種(zhong)方(fang)式(shi)就顯得操作(zuo)復(fu)雜且無(wu)任何價(jia)格(ge)優勢了，這時我(wo)們更為(wei)(wei)明智的(de)(de)選擇應該是數(shu)字(zi)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。數(shu)字(zi)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)是將(jiang)(jiang)工控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)計算機(ji)(ji)作(zuo)為(wei)(wei)監(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)系(xi)(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)核心，它將(jiang)(jiang)復(fu)雜的(de)(de)模(mo)(mo)(mo)擬控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)操作(zuo)變為(wei)(wei)簡單的(de)(de)鼠標(biao)點(dian)擊操作(zuo)，將(jiang)(jiang)巨大(da)的(de)(de)模(mo)(mo)(mo)擬控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)器(qi)堆(dui)疊縮小為(wei)(wei)一(yi)個工控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)計算機(ji)(ji)，將(jiang)(jiang)復(fu)雜而數(shu)量龐(pang)大(da)的(de)(de)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)電纜(lan)變為(wei)(wei)一(yi)根串行電話線(xian)。它將(jiang)(jiang)中(zhong)遠(yuan)程監(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)變為(wei)(wei)事(shi)實、為(wei)(wei)Internet遠(yuan)程監(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)提供方(fang)便(bian)。但(dan)數(shu)字(zi)控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)也(ye)不(bu)是那么十(shi)(shi)全十(shi)(shi)美，控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)主機(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)價(jia)格(ge)比較(jiao)昂貴、模(mo)(mo)(mo)塊浪費的(de)(de)情(qing)況、系(xi)(xi)統(tong)可能出現全線(xian)崩(beng)潰(kui)的(de)(de)危機(ji)(ji)、控(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)較(jiao)為(wei)(wei)滯(zhi)后等等問題(ti)仍(reng)然存在(zai)。

三、處理層

處理層(ceng)或許該稱(cheng)為音視(shi)(shi)頻(pin)(pin)處理層(ceng)，它將有(you)傳輸層(ceng)送(song)過來的音視(shi)(shi)頻(pin)(pin)信號加以分(fen)配、放大、分(fen)割等等處理，有(you)機的將表現層(ceng)與控制(zhi)層(ceng)加以連(lian)接。音視(shi)(shi)頻(pin)(pin)分(fen)配器(qi)、音視(shi)(shi)頻(pin)(pin)放大器(qi)、視(shi)(shi)頻(pin)(pin)分(fen)割器(qi)、音視(shi)(shi)頻(pin)(pin)切換(huan)器(qi)等等設備都屬于這一層(ceng)。

四、傳輸層

傳(chuan)輸層相當于安(an)(an)防(fang)(fang)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)系(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)血脈。在(zai)小型安(an)(an)防(fang)(fang)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)系(xi)統(tong)中(zhong)，我(wo)(wo)們(men)最常(chang)見的(de)(de)傳(chuan)輸層設備是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)視頻線(xian)、音(yin)頻線(xian)，對于中(zhong)遠程監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)系(xi)統(tong)而(er)言，我(wo)(wo)們(men)常(chang)使用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)射頻線(xian)、微(wei)波，對于遠程監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)而(er)言，我(wo)(wo)們(men)通常(chang)使用(yong)(yong)Internet這(zhe)一廉價載體。值得(de)一提(ti)的(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)，新出現的(de)(de)傳(chuan)輸層介(jie)質——網(wang)線(xian)/光(guang)纖。大多數(shu)人在(zai)數(shu)字(zi)安(an)(an)防(fang)(fang)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)上(shang)存(cun)在(zai)一個誤區，他們(men)認為控(kong)(kong)(kong)制層使用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)數(shu)字(zi)控(kong)(kong)(kong)制的(de)(de)安(an)(an)防(fang)(fang)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)系(xi)統(tong)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)數(shu)字(zi)安(an)(an)防(fang)(fang)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)系(xi)統(tong)了，其實不(bu)然。純數(shu)字(zi)安(an)(an)防(fang)(fang)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)系(xi)統(tong)的(de)(de)傳(chuan)輸介(jie)質一定是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)網(wang)線(xian)或光(guang)纖。信(xin)號(hao)從采集層出來時，就(jiu)已經調制成數(shu)字(zi)信(xin)號(hao)了，數(shu)字(zi)信(xin)號(hao)在(zai)目前已趨成熟的(de)(de)網(wang)絡上(shang)跑，理論上(shang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)無衰減的(de)(de)，這(zhe)就(jiu)保(bao)證(zheng)遠程監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)圖像的(de)(de)無損失顯示，這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)模擬傳(chuan)輸無法比擬的(de)(de)。當然，高性能的(de)(de)回報(bao)也需要(yao)高成本(ben)的(de)(de)投(tou)入，這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)純數(shu)字(zi)安(an)(an)防(fang)(fang)監(jian)(jian)(jian)(jian)控(kong)(kong)(kong)系(xi)統(tong)無法普及最重要(yao)的(de)(de)原(yuan)因之一。

五、執行層

執(zhi)行(xing)層(ceng)是我們控(kong)制指令的(de)命(ming)令對象，在(zai)某些時候，它和(he)我們后面所(suo)說的(de)支撐誠、采(cai)集層(ceng)不太(tai)好截然分開，我們認為(wei)受控(kong)對象即為(wei)執(zhi)行(xing)層(ceng)設備。比如：云臺(tai)、鏡頭、解(jie)碼器(qi)、球等等。

六、支撐層

顧(gu)名思義(yi)，支(zhi)撐層是用(yong)于(yu)后端(duan)設備的支(zhi)撐，保護(hu)和(he)支(zhi)撐采(cai)集層、執(zhi)行層設備。它(ta)包(bao)括支(zhi)架、防護(hu)罩等等輔助設備。

七、采集層

采(cai)集層是整(zheng)個(ge)安防監(jian)控系統品質(zhi)好壞的(de)關鍵因素(su)，也(ye)是系統成本開(kai)銷最大的(de)地方。它包(bao)括鏡頭、攝像機、報警(jing)傳(chuan)感器(qi)等等。