松木家具的分類
1、紅松:
紅松(song)又名果松(song),屬于松(song)科植物,國家(jia)Ⅱ級重(zhong)點保護野生植物。主要分布(bu)在我國東北(bei)長白山到小興安嶺一帶,紅松(song)材(cai)(cai)(cai)質輕軟,不易(yi)變形,耐(nai)腐能力(li)強(qiang),適(shi)用于建筑、橋(qiao)梁、枕木(mu)、家(jia)具(ju)制作等。紅松(song)材(cai)(cai)(cai)質優(you)良(liang)、紋(wen)理通直,抗壓力(li)強(qiang),富(fu)含(han)樹(shu)脂(zhi),耐(nai)朽力(li)強(qiang),工(gong)藝(yi)價值(zhi)高,油漆性(xing)能良(liang)好,易(yi)干燥。木(mu)材(cai)(cai)(cai)可做(zuo)(zuo)建筑、航空、橋(qiao)梁和(he)車船材(cai)(cai)(cai)。木(mu)材(cai)(cai)(cai)的刨削、車旋性(xing)能良(liang)好,易(yi)于加工(gong),適(shi)于做(zuo)(zuo)各種模(mo)型,也可做(zuo)(zuo)膠合(he)板、樂器(qi)和(he)運動器(qi)械等
2、白松:
白(bai)(bai)松(song)(song)又(you)名為(wei)華(hua)山松(song)(song)、五須松(song)(song)在(zai)秦巴山區、渭北(bei)一些山區丘陵都可(ke)栽植(zhi),年(nian)平均氣溫(wen)應在(zai)15℃以(yi)下,年(nian)降(jiang)水(shui)量在(zai)600—1500毫米。對土(tu)壤適應性(xing)強,在(zai)山地褐土(tu)、紅黃壤、紅色石灰土(tu)上都能(neng)(neng)生(sheng)長(chang)。但(dan)對土(tu)壤水(shui)分要求較嚴(yan)格,不(bu)耐(nai)干(gan)旱和瘠薄,更不(bu)耐(nai)鹽(yan)堿和排(pai)水(shui)不(bu)良。華(hua)山松(song)(song)較能(neng)(neng)耐(nai)寒,在(zai)零下7—10℃的低溫(wen)下能(neng)(neng)正常生(sheng)長(chang),在(zai)高(gao)達零下31℃的絕對低溫(wen)下也可(ke)生(sheng)長(chang)。材質輕軟,富有彈(dan)性(xing),結(jie)構細致(zhi)均勻(yun),干(gan)燥性(xing)好(hao),耐(nai)水(shui)、耐(nai)腐(fu),加工、涂(tu)飾、著色膠結(jie)性(xing)好(hao)。白(bai)(bai)松(song)(song)比(bi)紅松(song)(song)強度高(gao)。
3、樟子松:
又名海(hai)(hai)拉爾松(song)(song)(日(ri))、蒙(meng)古(gu)赤松(song)(song)(日(ri))、西伯利(li)亞赤松(song)(song)、黑河赤松(song)(song),為松(song)(song)科大(da)喬(qiao)(qiao)木(mu),樟(zhang)子松(song)(song)(松(song)(song)科),常綠喬(qiao)(qiao)木(mu)。主要分布在(zai)(zai)大(da)興(xing)安嶺(ling)北部(bu)海(hai)(hai)拔400-1,000米的(de)(de)山(shan)地。在(zai)(zai)海(hai)(hai)拉爾以西的(de)(de)嵯崗(gang)經(jing)海(hai)(hai)拉爾西山(shan)向南(nan),經(jing)紅花(hua)爾基至伊爾施,成斷(duan)斷(duan)續(xu)續(xu)的(de)(de)帶狀分布,最南(nan)可達(da)內蒙(meng)古(gu)錫林郭勒盟的(de)(de)寶(bao)格(ge)達(da)山(shan)。樟(zhang)子松(song)(song)樹質(zhi)細、紋理(li)直,經(jing)防(fang)腐(fu)處理(li)后,能(neng)(neng)有(you)效(xiao)地防(fang)止霉菌(jun)、白(bai)蟻、微生物的(de)(de)侵蛀,能(neng)(neng)有(you)效(xiao)抑(yi)制處理(li)木(mu)材含(han)水率(lv)的(de)(de)變化,減(jian)少木(mu)材的(de)(de)開裂程度,使(shi)木(mu)材壽命(ming)延(yan)長到40至50年。
4、花旗松:
是加(jia)拿大最大的樹,包含(han)兩(liang)大樹種(zhong):海岸花(hua)旗松和內(nei)陸花(hua)旗松。邊材顏(yan)色淺(qian)、寬度(du)(du)窄。心材由(you)黃色到(dao)紅褐色不(bu)(bu)等。早木(mu)(mu)(mu)及晚木(mu)(mu)(mu)顏(yan)色分別明(ming)顯,后(hou)者有(you)更深、更尖的帶(dai)狀。這種(zhong)顏(yan)色差別造成平鋸時木(mu)(mu)(mu)紋形狀不(bu)(bu)同。木(mu)(mu)(mu)材質地細微(wei)到(dao)中等,紋路筆直、非(fei)滲水性。花(hua)旗松是加(jia)拿大強(qiang)度(du)(du)最大的商用(yong)軟木(mu)(mu)(mu)之一,其(qi)硬(ying)度(du)(du)高、抗(kang)磨損(sun)力強(qiang),適用(yong)于磨損(sun)是一個因素(su)的地方,如支架(jia)、橋部(bu)件(jian)、木(mu)(mu)(mu)屋和商業建筑(zhu)物。花(hua)旗松外觀良好(hao),易于加(jia)工(gong),很(hen)適合加(jia)工(gong)成窗框和門框,木(mu)(mu)(mu)線條,櫥柜和其(qi)它細木(mu)(mu)(mu)工(gong)制(zhi)品(pin)。花(hua)旗松的硬(ying)度(du)(du)和強(qiang)度(du)(du)也增(zeng)加(jia)了耐久(jiu)性。
5、輻射松:
輻射(she)松(song)(song)(新(xin)西(xi)蘭(lan)松(song)(song))不(bu)是(shi)新(xin)西(xi)蘭(lan)的(de)(de)鄉土(tu)樹(shu)種,它(ta)原產于(yu)美(mei)國加州的(de)(de)一些海島上(shang)。輻射(she)松(song)(song)在原產地(di)生長并不(bu)出色,干形差(cha),生長速度慢,未(wei)受(shou)到人(ren)們的(de)(de)重視,但是(shi),因新(xin)西(xi)蘭(lan)島國獨特的(de)(de)立地(di)條(tiao)件,使輻射(she)松(song)(song)順利安家落戶,并異乎尋常地(di)生長,日益受(shou)到人(ren)們的(de)(de)重視。輻射(she)松(song)(song)生長區的(de)(de)平均氣溫12–20℃,可(ke)耐最高氣溫46℃,年(nian)日照時數2000h以上(shang),年(nian)降水量為(wei)(wei)600–1250mm,除冬雨型氣候(hou)外,均雨型亦可(ke),以濕潤(run)氣候(hou)為(wei)(wei)最佳。輻射(she)松(song)(song)木材(cai)色澤柔和,握釘(ding)力強,是(shi)很好(hao)的(de)(de)家具用(yong)材(cai)。利用(yong)固化技術,可(ke)使輻射(she)松(song)(song)材(cai)家具更堅固,而且(qie)有(you)更好(hao)的(de)(de)色澤質感。
各種松木的特點
松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)木(mu)屬于針(zhen)葉植(zhi)物(常(chang)見的(de)針(zhen)葉植(zhi)物有(you)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)木(mu)、杉木(mu)、柏木(mu)),它具的(de)特性有(you):松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)香味、色淡黃、癤(jie)疤多(duo)、對大氣溫度反映快(kuai)、容(rong)易(yi)(yi)脹大、極難自然風干等。松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)木(mu)經人工處理(如烘干、脫脂去(qu)除有(you)機化(hua)合物,漂白(bai)統(tong)一樹(shu)色,中(zhong)和樹(shu)性)不(bu)易(yi)(yi)變(bian)形。俄羅斯(si)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song):與(yu)東北松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)是(shi)(shi)同一產品,只是(shi)(shi)因為國界(jie)的(de)不(bu)同而已,所以如果說(shuo)是(shi)(shi)采用俄羅斯(si)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song),根(gen)本沒(mei)有(you)必(bi)要進(jin)口。而東北松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)的(de)種類(lei)很多(duo),紅松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(生長(chang)年(nian)限長(chang)一些,紋(wen)理比較細密,顏(yan)色偏(pian)紅),白(bai)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(生長(chang)年(nian)限短(duan)一些,紋(wen)理比較粗)。白(bai)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)包括(kuo)很多(duo)類(lei),樟子(zi)(zi)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)、魚鱗松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)、冷(leng)沙都是(shi)(shi)東北松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song),樟子(zi)(zi)松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)易(yi)(yi)變(bian)色,而冷(leng)沙是(shi)(shi)其中(zhong)質量最差(cha)的(de)一種松(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)(song)木(mu),根(gen)本沒(mei)有(you)多(duo)少(shao)的(de)用處。
阿根廷松:顏色偏黃,密(mi)度(du)比較大(da),容易開(kai)裂,色差比較明顯(xian)。
新西蘭松(智利):色澤淡黃,紋理通直,干燥易,變形小,力學強度中等,加工性能好適宜制作家具和各種木制品。
巴西松(烏(wu)拉圭):顏色比較(jiao)淡黃(huang),文理較(jiao)清晰,力學強度中等,適全制作家具和(he)各類木(mu)制品。
松木板材的優缺點
1、松木生(sheng)態板都是選用的(de)上等(deng)質量的(de)針葉(xie)林松木種類,這種松木的(de)生(sheng)長(chang)率比較(jiao)強,而且松樹在生(sheng)長(chang)過程中沒有(you)經過修剪,所以它在制作成(cheng)家(jia)具后,也是可以看出它的(de)材(cai)料,這樣也可以突顯它的(de)特別之(zhi)處。
2、具(ju)有(you)(you)良好的(de)(de)抗(kang)潮(chao)濕,耐腐蝕(shi)的(de)(de)功能,而且它也是比較(jiao)環保的(de)(de)材質(zhi);此外,松木本(ben)身(shen)還有(you)(you)一種(zhong)特有(you)(you)的(de)(de)香(xiang)味(wei),這種(zhong)味(wei)道(dao)可以(yi)起(qi)到(dao)提神的(de)(de)功效。
3、松木家具并不需要進(jin)行過(guo)多的工(gong)(gong)藝加(jia)工(gong)(gong),因為木材本身(shen)就有自己的紋理,且松木板(ban)材造型樸實大方、線條(tiao)飽滿流暢,少加(jia)雕飾的加(jia)工(gong)(gong)手法(fa)環保健康,看上去更加(jia)的自然(ran)美觀,這樣省去了另外的加(jia)工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)藝,降(jiang)低了成本,還可以給房子增加(jia)很多時尚美感(gan)效(xiao)果(guo)。
4、使(shi)用壽(shou)命(ming)長,經過不定期的保養,一般使(shi)用壽(shou)命(ming)較長,且(qie)松木(mu)(mu)板材本身(shen)木(mu)(mu)質(zhi)就非常(chang)的牢固,不易損壞,由松木(mu)(mu)板材制(zhi)作的家具(ju)質(zhi)量當(dang)然(ran)也是很好(hao)的,并(bing)且(qie)比(bi)一般的木(mu)(mu)材壽(shou)命(ming)更長。
5、松木生態(tai)材中的(de)水份多一些,這種松木容易開裂,所以松木家具一定不要長時間的(de)放到(dao)潮濕(shi)的(de)環境中。