MP5鋰(li)電(dian)池的(de)常識(shi)與保養
一、鋰離子電池主要優點
1、比能量比較高。具有高儲存能量密度,目前(qian)已達到460-600Wh/kg,是鉛酸(suan)電池的約6-7倍;
2、使用壽命長,使用壽命可達到(dao)6年以上,磷酸亞鐵(tie)鋰為(wei)正極的電池用1CDOD充放,有可以使用10,000次。
二、鋰電池的保存
鋰(li)原電池(chi)自放電很低,可(ke)保存3年之久,在(zai)冷藏的(de)條件(jian)下(xia)保存,效果會更好(hao)(hao)。將鋰(li)原電池(chi)存放在(zai)低溫的(de)地方,不(bu)失是一個好(hao)(hao)方法。
鋰離(li)子電(dian)池在20℃下可(ke)儲存半年以(yi)上,這是由于它的自放電(dian)率很(hen)低,而且(qie)大部(bu)分(fen)容量可(ke)以(yi)恢復(fu)。
鋰電(dian)池存在的自放電(dian)現(xian)象,如果電(dian)池電(dian)壓(ya)在3.6V以下(xia)長(chang)(chang)時間(jian)保存,會導(dao)致電(dian)池過放電(dian)而破壞電(dian)池內部結構,減(jian)少電(dian)池壽命。因此長(chang)(chang)期保存的鋰電(dian)池應(ying)當每3~6個月(yue)補電(dian)一次,即充(chong)電(dian)到電(dian)壓(ya)為(wei)3.8~3.9V(鋰電(dian)池最佳儲存電(dian)壓(ya)為(wei)3.85V左右(you))為(wei)宜(yi),不宜(yi)充(chong)滿。
鋰電池(chi)的應用(yong)溫(wen)度范圍很廣,在北方的冬(dong)天室(shi)外,仍然可以(yi)使用(yong),但容(rong)量(liang)會降低很多(duo),如果回到室(shi)溫(wen)的條(tiao)件(jian)下,容(rong)量(liang)又(you)可以(yi)恢復。
三、注意事項
鋰原電池:
與(yu)鋰離(li)子電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)不(bu)同(tong),它不(bu)能充電(dian)(dian)(dian),充電(dian)(dian)(dian)十分危(wei)險。其他(ta)注意事項(xiang),與(yu)鋰離(li)子電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)相(xiang)當。
四、如何為新電池充電
在使用鋰電(dian)池(chi)中(zhong)(zhong)應注意的(de)是,電(dian)池(chi)放置一段時(shi)間后則進入休眠(mian)狀態,此(ci)時(shi)容量低于正常(chang)值,使用時(shi)間亦隨之縮短(duan)。但鋰電(dian)池(chi)很容易 激(ji)活,只要經過(guo)3—5次正常(chang)的(de)充放電(dian)循環就可 激(ji)活 電(dian)池(chi),恢復(fu)正常(chang)容量。由于鋰電(dian)池(chi)本身的(de)特性,決定了它(ta)幾乎(hu)沒有記憶(yi)效(xiao)應 。因(yin)此(ci)用戶(hu)新鋰電(dian)池(chi)在激(ji)活過(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong),是不需要特別的(de)方法和設備的(de)。
對于鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的“激活”問題,眾多的說(shuo)(shuo)法(fa)是:充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)時間一定(ding)要超(chao)過(guo)12小時,反復做(zuo)三(san)次(ci),以(yi)(yi)便 激活 電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)。這種“前三(san)次(ci)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)要充(chong)(chong)(chong)12小時以(yi)(yi)上”的說(shuo)(shuo)法(fa),明顯是從鎳(nie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(如鎳(nie)鎘和(he)鎳(nie)氫)延續下來的說(shuo)(shuo)法(fa)。所以(yi)(yi)這種說(shuo)(shuo)法(fa),可(ke)以(yi)(yi)說(shuo)(shuo)一開始就是誤傳。鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)和(he)鎳(nie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)的充(chong)(chong)(chong)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)特性(xing)有非常(chang)大(da)(da)的區別,而且可(ke)以(yi)(yi)非常(chang)明確的告(gao)訴大(da)(da)家(jia),我(wo)所查(cha)閱過(guo)的所有嚴肅的正式技術資料都強調(diao)過(guo)充(chong)(chong)(chong)和(he)過(guo)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)會(hui)對鋰(li)(li)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)、特別是液(ye)體鋰(li)(li)離子電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)造成巨大(da)(da)的傷害。因而充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)最好按照標(biao)準時間和(he)標(biao)準方法(fa)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian),特別是不要進行超(chao)過(guo)12個小時的超(chao)長充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。
五、正常使用中應該何時開始充電
因為充(chong)放電(dian)的(de)次(ci)數(shu)是(shi)有限的(de),所以應該將鋰電(dian)池(chi)的(de)電(dian)盡(jin)可(ke)能用(yong)光再充(chong)電(dian)。但是(shi)我找到(dao)一個(ge)關于鋰離子電(dian)池(chi)充(chong)放電(dian)循(xun)環的(de)實驗表,關于循(xun)環壽(shou)命的(de)數(shu)據列出(chu)如下:
循(xun)環壽命 (10%DOD):>1000次(ci)。
循(xun)環壽(shou)命 (100%DOD):>200次。
其中DOD是放電深度的(de)(de)英文(wen)縮(suo)寫。從表中可(ke)見,可(ke)充(chong)(chong)電次數和放電深度有關,10%DOD時的(de)(de)循環壽命要(yao)(yao)(yao)比100%DOD的(de)(de)要(yao)(yao)(yao)長很多。當然(ran)如(ru)(ru)果折合(he)到(dao)實(shi)際充(chong)(chong)電的(de)(de)相對總容量:10%*1000=100,100%*200=200,后者的(de)(de)完(wan)全充(chong)(chong)放電還是要(yao)(yao)(yao)比較(jiao)好一(yi)些,但前面網友(you)的(de)(de)那個(ge)說法要(yao)(yao)(yao)做(zuo)一(yi)些修正:在正常情況(kuang)下,你(ni)(ni)應該有保留(liu)地按照電池剩(sheng)余(yu)電量用(yong)完(wan)再充(chong)(chong)的(de)(de)原則充(chong)(chong)電,但假如(ru)(ru)你(ni)(ni)的(de)(de)電池在你(ni)(ni)預計第2天(tian)不可(ke)能堅持整個(ge)白天(tian)的(de)(de)時候(hou),就應該及(ji)時開(kai)始充(chong)(chong)電,當然(ran)你(ni)(ni)如(ru)(ru)果愿意背著充(chong)(chong)電器到(dao)辦公室(shi)又當別論。
而你(ni)(ni)需要充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)以應付預計即將到來的(de)(de)會(hui)導致通(tong)訊繁忙(mang)的(de)(de)重要事件的(de)(de)時(shi)候,即使在電(dian)(dian)(dian)池尚有(you)很(hen)多余電(dian)(dian)(dian)時(shi),那(nei)么你(ni)(ni)也(ye)只管提前充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian),因為你(ni)(ni)并(bing)沒(mei)有(you)真正損失“1”次充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)循(xun)環(huan)壽命,也(ye)就是“0.x”次而已,而且往(wang)往(wang)這個x會(hui)很(hen)小。
電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)剩余電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量用完再充(chong)的(de)(de)原則并(bing)不是(shi)要你(ni)走向極端(duan)。和(he)長充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)一樣流傳甚廣的(de)(de)一個說法,就(jiu)是(shi)“盡量把機器的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量用完,最(zui)好用到自(zi)(zi)動(dong)關機”。這種做法其(qi)實只是(shi)鎳電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)上(shang)的(de)(de)做法,目(mu)的(de)(de)是(shi)避免(mian) 記憶效應 發生,不幸(xing)的(de)(de)是(shi)它也(ye)在鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)上(shang)流傳至(zhi)(zhi)今。曾經有人因為機器電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)量過低(di)(di)的(de)(de)警(jing)告出現后(hou),仍然不充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)繼續(xu)使用一直用到自(zi)(zi)動(dong)關機的(de)(de)例子。結果(guo)這個例子中(zhong)的(de)(de)機器在后(hou)來的(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)及開機中(zhong)均無反應,不得不送(song)客服檢修。這其(qi)實就(jiu)是(shi)由于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)因過度放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)而導致電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓過低(di)(di),以至(zhi)(zhi)于不具(ju)備(bei)正常(chang)的(de)(de)充(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)和(he)開機條件造成的(de)(de)。
六、對鋰電池的正確做法
歸(gui)結起(qi)來,對鋰電(dian)池在(zai)使(shi)用中的充放(fang)電(dian)問(wen)題最重要的提(ti)示是:
1、按照標準的時間(jian)和程序充電,即使是前(qian)三次也(ye)要(yao)如此進行;
2、當出現機器電(dian)量過低提示時(shi),應該盡(jin)量及時(shi)開始充電(dian);
3、鋰電(dian)池的激活(huo)(huo)并(bing)不需要特別的方(fang)法,在(zai)機器正(zheng)常使用(yong)中鋰電(dian)池會自然激活(huo)(huo) 。如果你執意要用(yong)流傳(chuan)的“前三次12小(xiao)時(shi)長充(chong)電(dian) 激活(huo)(huo) ”方(fang)法,實際上也不會有效果。
因(yin)此,所有(you)追求12小時(shi)超長充電(dian)(dian)和把鋰電(dian)(dian)池(chi)用(yong)到自動關機(ji)的(de)做法(fa),都是錯(cuo)誤(wu)的(de)。如果你以前是按(an)照(zhao)錯(cuo)誤(wu)的(de)說法(fa)做的(de),請(qing)你及(ji)時(shi)改正(zheng),也許為(wei)時(shi)還不晚。