電(dian)(dian)動車(che)充電(dian)(dian)器(qi)的原理介紹 電(dian)(dian)動車(che)充電(dian)(dian)器(qi)的分(fen)類(lei)

用有、無工頻（50赫茲）變壓器區分，可分為兩大類。貨運三輪充電器一般使用帶工頻變壓器的充電機，體積大、重量大，費電，但是可靠，便宜；電動自行車和電摩則使用所謂開關電源式充電器，省電，效率高，但(dan)是易壞。

開關電源式充電器的正確操作是：充電時，先插電池，后加市電；充足后，先切斷市電，后拔電池插頭。如果在充電時先拔電池插頭，特別是充電電流大（紅燈）時，非常容易損壞充電器。

常(chang)用的開關電(dian)源(yuan)式(shi)(shi)(shi)充電(dian)器(qi)又分半(ban)橋式(shi)(shi)(shi)和單激(ji)式(shi)(shi)(shi)兩大類(lei)，單激(ji)類(lei)又分為正激(ji)式(shi)(shi)(shi)和反激(ji)式(shi)(shi)(shi)兩類(lei)。半(ban)橋式(shi)(shi)(shi)成本高(gao)，性能(neng)好，常(chang)用于帶負脈沖的充電(dian)器(qi)；單激(ji)式(shi)(shi)(shi)成本低，市場占有(you)率高(gao)。

關于負脈沖充電器

根據麥斯先生(sheng)的(de)(de)三定律制作成功了(le)(le)多種品牌(pai)的(de)(de)快速充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機。充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)循(xun)環過(guo)程是：大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流脈(mo)沖充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)→切斷(duan)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)通(tong)路(lu)(lu)→對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)短(duan)暫放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)→停止放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)→接(jie)通(tong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)通(tong)路(lu)(lu)→大(da)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流脈(mo)沖充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)……這一原理用(yong)到了(le)(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)車(che)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器中，充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過(guo)程中，不切斷(duan)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)通(tong)路(lu)(lu)，用(yong)小電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻(zu)將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)短(duan)路(lu)(lu)瞬間，進行放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。短(duan)路(lu)(lu)時(shi)由于(yu)不切斷(duan)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)通(tong)路(lu)(lu)，在(zai)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)通(tong)路(lu)(lu)中串(chuan)連(lian)了(le)(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感。一般(ban)在(zai)1秒內短(duan)路(lu)(lu)3－5毫秒（1秒＝1000毫秒），由于(yu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感里的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流不能跳(tiao)變(bian)，短(duan)路(lu)(lu)時(shi)間短(duan)促，可以(yi)保護(hu)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源轉換部分。如果把(ba)充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流方向(xiang)叫正，放電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)自然(ran)為(wei)負了(le)(le)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)車(che)業(ye)就出現(xian)了(le)(le)名詞“負脈(mo)沖充(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器”，而且(qie)稱可以(yi)延長電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)壽命等等。

關于三段式充電器

近幾年，電動車(che)普遍(bian)使用了所謂三段(duan)式充(chong)電器(qi)，第一個(ge)階(jie)段(duan)叫(jiao)恒流階(jie)段(duan)，第二個(ge)階(jie)段(duan)叫(jiao)恒壓階(jie)段(duan)，第三個(ge)階(jie)段(duan)叫(jiao)涓流階(jie)段(duan)。大多數(shu)充(chong)電器(qi)第一、二階(jie)段(duan)是紅(hong)燈(deng)(deng)，第三階(jie)段(duan)變綠燈(deng)(deng)。

買新充(chong)電器(qi)要檢查三(san)(san)段式充(chong)電器(qi)的(de)(de)三(san)(san)個(ge)重要參數，一(yi)般可以自己(ji)測得(de)第三(san)(san)階段的(de)(de)低恒(heng)壓(ya)值。方法是(shi)，不接電池，給充(chong)電器(qi)加(jia)市電，用數字萬(wan)用表的(de)(de)200V直(zhi)流(liu)(liu)電壓(ya)檔測充(chong)電器(qi)的(de)(de)輸出電壓(ya)。另兩個(ge)參數高(gao)恒(heng)壓(ya)值和轉折(zhe)電流(liu)(liu)一(yi)般需要專用工具(ju)才能(neng)測得(de)。

充電方法：

1、變(bian)綠(lv)燈后再接著充2－3小時。

2、原則是淺放（電）勤充（電），就是騎行不足夠遠，也要(yao)及時充電，避免放光再充電。

3、長(chang)期不騎，要定期（2－3個月）充電一(yi)次(ci)。

4、長期淺放(fang)(fang)的電(dian)池，3個月左右，作(zuo)一次深放(fang)(fang)電(dian)，就是所謂放(fang)(fang)光(guang)再充(chong)電(dian)，有(you)利(li)于電(dian)池深部的長期不動的物(wu)質的活化。放(fang)(fang)光(guang)的意(yi)思是，騎到控(kong)制(zhi)器電(dian)池欠壓保(bao)護動作(zuo)為止(zhi)。

需要提醒幾點：

1、一般新(xin)電池(chi)投入使用8－10個(ge)月后，要對電池(chi)進行檢查和(he)維護。

2、一(yi)般名牌車配(pei)套(tao)的(de)充電器是經過篩選的(de)，通常不用(yong)測試(shi)，但是單(dan)獨(du)到市場上(shang)采(cai)購(gou)的(de)非(fei)配(pei)套(tao)充電器，一(yi)定要(yao)進行前述三個參(can)數的(de)測試(shi)。

3、有一種不帶工頻變(bian)壓器的可控(kong)硅充(chong)電(dian)機(ji)，直接(jie)整流市電(dian)為(wei)電(dian)池(chi)充(chong)電(dian)，電(dian)流可到30A，電(dian)壓12V－80V可調，未徹底切斷市電(dian)前(qian)，千萬不要摸電(dian)池(chi)，貨運三(san)輪(lun)使(shi)用這類(lei)充(chong)電(dian)機(ji)的客戶特別要注意(yi)安全。