電(dian)動(dong)車充電(dian)器(qi)的原理介紹(shao) 電(dian)動(dong)車充電(dian)器(qi)的分類

用有、無工頻（50赫茲）變壓器區分，可分為兩大類。貨運三輪充電器一般使用帶工頻變壓器的充電機，體積大、重量大，費電，但是可靠，便宜；電動自行車和電摩則使用所謂開關電源式(shi)充電器，省電，效率高(gao)，但是易壞。

開關電源式充電器的正確操作是：充電時，先插電池，后加市電；充足后，先切斷市電，后拔電池插頭。如果在充電時先拔電池插頭，特別是充電電流大（紅燈）時，非常容易損壞充電器。

常(chang)用的開關電(dian)源式充電(dian)器又(you)(you)分(fen)(fen)半橋(qiao)式和單(dan)激式兩大類(lei)，單(dan)激類(lei)又(you)(you)分(fen)(fen)為(wei)正(zheng)激式和反激式兩類(lei)。半橋(qiao)式成本高(gao)，性(xing)能好，常(chang)用于帶負脈(mo)沖的充電(dian)器；單(dan)激式成本低，市場占有率(lv)高(gao)。

關于負脈沖充電器

根據麥(mai)斯先生(sheng)的三定律制作成(cheng)功了多種品(pin)牌(pai)的快速充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機。充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)循(xun)環過程(cheng)是(shi)：大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)脈沖(chong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)→切斷充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)通(tong)路(lu)→對電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)短(duan)暫放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)→停止(zhi)放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)→接(jie)通(tong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)通(tong)路(lu)→大電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)脈沖(chong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)……這一原理用到了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)車充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)，充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)過程(cheng)中(zhong)(zhong)，不切斷充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)通(tong)路(lu)，用小電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)阻將電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)短(duan)路(lu)瞬(shun)間，進(jin)行放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)。短(duan)路(lu)時由于不切斷充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)通(tong)路(lu)，在充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)通(tong)路(lu)中(zhong)(zhong)串連了電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感。一般在1秒(miao)內短(duan)路(lu)3－5毫(hao)秒(miao)（1秒(miao)＝1000毫(hao)秒(miao)），由于電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)感里的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)不能(neng)跳變，短(duan)路(lu)時間短(duan)促(cu)，可以保(bao)護充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)的電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)源轉(zhuan)換部(bu)分。如果把充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流(liu)方向叫正(zheng)，放(fang)(fang)(fang)(fang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)自(zi)然為(wei)負了，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)動(dong)車業就出現了名詞“負脈沖(chong)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)”，而且稱可以延(yan)長(chang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)壽命(ming)等等。

關于三段式充電器

近(jin)幾年，電(dian)動車普遍使(shi)用了(le)所謂(wei)三段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)式(shi)充電(dian)器，第(di)(di)(di)一個階(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)叫恒(heng)流階(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)，第(di)(di)(di)二個階(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)叫恒(heng)壓階(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)，第(di)(di)(di)三個階(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)叫涓流階(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)。大多數(shu)充電(dian)器第(di)(di)(di)一、二階(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)是紅(hong)燈，第(di)(di)(di)三階(jie)段(duan)(duan)(duan)(duan)變(bian)綠(lv)燈。

買(mai)新(xin)充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)要檢查(cha)三段式充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)(de)三個重(zhong)要參(can)(can)數(shu)，一般可(ke)以(yi)自己測得(de)第(di)三階段的(de)(de)低(di)恒(heng)壓(ya)值(zhi)。方法是(shi)，不接(jie)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池，給充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)加市電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，用(yong)數(shu)字(zi)萬用(yong)表的(de)(de)200V直(zhi)流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)檔測充(chong)(chong)(chong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)器(qi)的(de)(de)輸出電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)。另兩個參(can)(can)數(shu)高恒(heng)壓(ya)值(zhi)和轉折電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流一般需要專(zhuan)用(yong)工具(ju)才能測得(de)。

充電方法：

1、變綠燈后再(zai)接著充2－3小時(shi)。

2、原(yuan)則是淺(qian)放（電）勤充(chong)(chong)（電），就是騎行不足夠遠，也要及時充(chong)(chong)電，避免放光再充(chong)(chong)電。

3、長期不騎，要定期（2－3個月(yue)）充電一(yi)次。

4、長期淺放(fang)的電(dian)(dian)池，3個月左右，作(zuo)一(yi)次深(shen)(shen)放(fang)電(dian)(dian)，就是所謂放(fang)光再充電(dian)(dian)，有利于電(dian)(dian)池深(shen)(shen)部的長期不動的物(wu)質的活(huo)化。放(fang)光的意思(si)是，騎到控制器電(dian)(dian)池欠(qian)壓(ya)保護動作(zuo)為止。

需要提醒幾點：

1、一般新電池投(tou)入使(shi)用8－10個(ge)月(yue)后(hou)，要對(dui)電池進行檢查和維護。

2、一般名(ming)牌車配(pei)套(tao)的(de)充(chong)電器(qi)(qi)是(shi)經過篩選的(de)，通常(chang)不用測試(shi)，但是(shi)單(dan)獨(du)到市場上(shang)采(cai)購的(de)非配(pei)套(tao)充(chong)電器(qi)(qi)，一定要(yao)進行前述三個參數的(de)測試(shi)。

3、有一(yi)種不(bu)帶工頻(pin)變壓(ya)器的可(ke)控硅充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機，直接(jie)整(zheng)流市電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流可(ke)到(dao)30A，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)壓(ya)12V－80V可(ke)調，未徹底切(qie)斷市電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)前，千萬不(bu)要摸電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)，貨運三輪使用這類充電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)機的客戶特別要注意安全。