活(huo)性炭(tan)和普(pu)通(tong)竹炭(tan)有(you)什么區別 活(huo)性炭(tan)和木炭(tan)有(you)什么區別
活性炭、竹炭、木炭的區別介紹
1、加工工藝不同
竹(zhu)炭(tan)只經過炭(tan)化(hua)階段,而活性炭(tan)除炭(tan)化(hua)工藝外(wai),還要經過活化(hua)、酸洗和烘干階段。
2、微觀結構千差萬別
竹(zhu)炭(tan)(tan)的(de)(de)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)隙直徑(jing)(jing)要比活(huo)性(xing)炭(tan)(tan)大(da)(da)(da):竹(zhu)炭(tan)(tan)內部大(da)(da)(da)中(zhong)小孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)分(fen)導(dao)管、維管束,薄壁(bi)組(zu)織側壁(bi)上的(de)(de)小孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong),竹(zhu)炭(tan)(tan)的(de)(de)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)隙以大(da)(da)(da)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)為(wei)主,其直徑(jing)(jing)以200nm(納米(mi)單位,下同)左右為(wei)主;而活(huo)性(xing)炭(tan)(tan)以微孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)占主導(dao)地位,孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)隙直徑(jing)(jing)大(da)(da)(da)小分(fen)為(wei)三類(lei):大(da)(da)(da)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(≥50nm),約占總(zong)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)容積的(de)(de)10~30%,微孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(≤2nm)約占總(zong)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)容積的(de)(de)60~90%,中(zhong)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)又稱過渡孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(2nm≤φ≤50nm),約占總(zong)孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)容積的(de)(de)5~7%,孔(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)隙平均直徑(jing)(jing)約為(wei)1.5nm。有(you)害(hai)氣(qi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)分(fen)子直徑(jing)(jing)(甲醛0.44nm、苯(ben)(ben)0.48nm、氨0.414nm、甲苯(ben)(ben)0.58nm、二甲苯(ben)(ben)0.60nm、甲烷(wan)0.324nm等)由(you)此(ci)可見,竹(zhu)炭(tan)(tan)對這些有(you)害(hai)氣(qi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)根本不(bu)具吸附凈化功能(neng),而活(huo)性(xing)炭(tan)(tan)的(de)(de)分(fen)子直徑(jing)(jing)確是跟(gen)這些有(you)害(hai)氣(qi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)相(xiang)融合的(de)(de),其吸附性(xing)能(neng)和對有(you)害(hai)氣(qi)體(ti)(ti)(ti)的(de)(de)禁錮(gu)性(xing)能(neng)都較好(hao)。
3、比表面積大小不一
比表面積是指單位質量所占有表面積的大小。即1克炭的表面積與所有孔隙面積的總和。燒制溫度在500℃以上的竹炭,比表面積在150㎡/g至350m2/g之間;而用物理或化學方法進行活化制成的活性炭,比表面積可達到900m2/g甚至2000m2/g以上。 因孔隙結構越發(fa)達,比表面積越大(da),其(qi)吸附功(gong)能越強(qiang),因此總體上活性(xing)炭比竹(zhu)炭的吸附性(xing)更強(qiang)。
4、硬度相差較大
竹炭密度大,硬度高,不易碎,適合做耐磨的家紡用品;而不同材質的活性炭硬(ying)度大不一樣,椰殼活性炭硬(ying)度高,而用竹子生產(chan)活性炭具有(you)比重輕(qing),細軟,易碎,故不適宜用于耐磨性要求高的產(chan)品。
5、生產成本差異很大
竹炭只需一次(ci)炭(tan)(tan)化(hua)過程(cheng),而活(huo)性炭(tan)(tan)還需要(yao)一個活(huo)化(hua)過程(cheng),其成本比(bi)竹(zhu)炭(tan)(tan)要(yao)高許多,約(yue)為竹(zhu)炭(tan)(tan)的3—5倍。因此(ci)產品售價(jia)也(ye)是竹(zhu)炭(tan)(tan)的3-5倍。
6、原料及其消耗不一樣
活性炭的原(yuan)料(liao)消耗一(yi)般比(bi)竹(zhu)炭高3-5倍(bei),比(bi)如6t(噸(dun))毛竹(zhu)可燒制1t竹(zhu)炭,但(dan)(dan)3-5t竹(zhu)炭才能加工1t竹(zhu)制活性炭。當然椰殼活性炭的原(yuan)料(liao)成本將(jiang)更(geng)高,但(dan)(dan)效果越(yue)更(geng)好。
7、形狀不一
竹(zhu)炭(tan)千(qian)姿百(bai)態,有筒炭(tan)、片炭(tan)、碎炭(tan)、顆(ke)粒(li)炭(tan)、炭(tan)粉等等,使用范圍很廣(guang),如筒炭(tan)可(ke)以(yi)做(zuo)成各(ge)種工藝品(pin),炭(tan)片可(ke)用于凈水煮飯(fan),等等;而活(huo)性炭(tan)一般只有粉末狀(直徑(jing)≤0.18mm)與顆(ke)粒(li)狀(直徑(jing)≤8mm)兩類,由(you)于沒(mei)有大塊活(huo)性炭(tan),所以(yi)其應用受到很大的局限。
8、吸附對象有差別
竹(zhu)(zhu)炭(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)的孔(kong)(kong)隙以大孔(kong)(kong)為(wei)主(zhu)(zhu),而(er)活(huo)(huo)性炭(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)就(jiu)大不一樣了,物理法活(huo)(huo)化活(huo)(huo)性炭(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)以微孔(kong)(kong)占(zhan)(zhan)主(zhu)(zhu)導地(di)位(wei)(wei)、化學法活(huo)(huo)化的活(huo)(huo)性炭(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)中大孔(kong)(kong)占(zhan)(zhan)主(zhu)(zhu)導地(di)位(wei)(wei),不同(tong)的活(huo)(huo)化工藝(yi)生(sheng)產出來的活(huo)(huo)性炭(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)大不一樣。竹(zhu)(zhu)炭(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)主(zhu)(zhu)要吸(xi)附一些大分(fen)子物質(zhi)(zhi),包括(kuo)許多(duo)的微生(sheng)物。而(er)活(huo)(huo)性炭(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)有(you)不同(tong)的孔(kong)(kong)結構,根據吸(xi)附物種不同(tong)應(ying)用于(yu)不同(tong)領域(yu)。但就(jiu)分(fen)子直徑(jing)很(hen)小的物質(zhi)(zhi)(如甲(jia)醛(quan)、苯、氨(an)等有(you)害(hai)氣(qi)體)而(er)言,活(huo)(huo)性炭(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)的吸(xi)附性比竹(zhu)(zhu)炭(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)要強(qiang)好幾倍(bei)。而(er)且(qie)活(huo)(huo)性炭(tan)(tan)(tan)(tan)吸(xi)附的針對性很(hen)強(qiang),不同(tong)的孔(kong)(kong)徑(jing)用于(yu)吸(xi)附不同(tong)的物質(zhi)(zhi)。