一、電熱水袋里面的(de)液體是什么(me)?

其實細心的人都會發現電熱水袋里的“水”并不是普通的水，它之所以能夠被加熱而且可以較長時間的保持熱度都是有它的奧妙的。那么到底電熱水袋里面是什么呢？很多手腳易發涼的人幾乎是整個冬天電熱水袋不離身的，電熱水袋很神奇，一插電就熱了，有很多人覺得其實電熱水袋就是燒開水，那么就錯了。

電熱水袋里面是(shi)(shi)什么呢？其實是(shi)(shi)鐵粉或鐵氧體，電(dian)熱(re)水袋是(shi)(shi)靠(kao)電(dian)磁(ci)(ci)產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)熱(re)能(neng)的(de)(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)電(dian)磁(ci)(ci)的(de)(de)(de)東(dong)西是(shi)(shi)封閉起來的(de)(de)(de)，是(shi)(shi)為(wei)了(le)防止(zhi)漏電(dian)，如果通了(le)電(dian)以后就產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)磁(ci)(ci)場，鐵和(he)(he)磁(ci)(ci)是(shi)(shi)相(xiang)(xiang)互反應的(de)(de)(de)，使所謂的(de)(de)(de)水里面產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)渦(wo)流(liu)和(he)(he)磁(ci)(ci)滯(zhi)(zhi)然后就產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)了(le)熱(re)能(neng)，和(he)(he)變壓器為(wei)什么會(hui)發熱(re)是(shi)(shi)相(xiang)(xiang)關(guan)的(de)(de)(de)都是(shi)(shi)因為(wei)磁(ci)(ci)滯(zhi)(zhi)和(he)(he)渦(wo)流(liu)而熱(re)的(de)(de)(de)，人(ren)們把變壓器做(zuo)成一片(pian)一片(pian)的(de)(de)(de)硅剛(gang)片(pian)就是(shi)(shi)為(wei)了(le)減小(xiao)磁(ci)(ci)滯(zhi)(zhi)和(he)(he)渦(wo)流(liu)的(de)(de)(de)，從而提高效率的(de)(de)(de)，而熱(re)水袋則是(shi)(shi)相(xiang)(xiang)反的(de)(de)(de)。

該圖片由注冊用戶"溫溫潤澤"提供，版權聲明反饋

二、電熱水袋的工作原理

電熱(re)水(shui)袋(dai)里的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)(guo)(guo)飽和(he)(he)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)。在某種(zhong)(zhong)溫(wen)度(du)(du)下，溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)質(zhi)(zhi)在溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)劑中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)性(xing)是(shi)(shi)不變的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，例如食鹽在水(shui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)性(xing)在室溫(wen)時是(shi)(shi)36g/100mL水(shui)。當(dang)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)濃度(du)(du)與其(qi)可溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)性(xing)相等(deng)時，這種(zhong)(zhong)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)便稱為飽和(he)(he)液(ye)；而當(dang)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)度(du)(du)比(bi)其(qi)可溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)性(xing)還要高的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時候，這種(zhong)(zhong)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)便稱為過(guo)(guo)(guo)飽和(he)(he)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)。暖手袋(dai)里的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)液(ye)體(ti)就是(shi)(shi)過(guo)(guo)(guo)飽和(he)(he)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)醋酸鈉。由于過(guo)(guo)(guo)飽和(he)(he)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)濃度(du)(du)太高，當(dang)扭(niu)曲金屬(shu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)時候,所產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)輕(qing)微震(zhen)動便足(zu)以使溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)質(zhi)(zhi)結晶，變成(cheng)較穩定的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)固體(ti)。然而，這個過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)是(shi)(shi)放熱(re)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，所以暖手袋(dai)告開始暖起來。只(zhi)要把充電熱(re)水(shui)袋(dai)放入沸(fei)水(shui)中加(jia)熱(re)約10分鐘，凝結了的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)質(zhi)(zhi)便會再(zai)次(ci)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)解(jie)；這是(shi)(shi)由于在高溫(wen)下，溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)質(zhi)(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)可溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)性(xing)增加(jia)。在溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)解(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)過(guo)(guo)(guo)程(cheng)中，溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)質(zhi)(zhi)進行吸(xi)熱(re)反應，再(zai)次(ci)成(cheng)為過(guo)(guo)(guo)飽和(he)(he)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)。

三、電熱水袋分類

按產品結構分類

電暖(nuan)寶產品按有(you)電熱餅、電熱水袋(dai)和電暖(nuan)式暖(nuan)手寶。

固體電熱餅

其(qi)填充是保(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)棉(如(ru)：陶瓷(ci)棉等其(qi)他的(de))，使用(yong)(yong)電(dian)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)絲加熱(re)(re)(re)(re)，將熱(re)(re)(re)(re)量傳遞(di)給石棉或玻璃(li)纖維(wei)保(bao)(bao)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)。工作原(yuan)理是：用(yong)(yong)雙控(kong)溫(wen)(wen)電(dian)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)儲能式結構,逐漸釋(shi)放熱(re)(re)(re)(re)能。內設自(zi)動(dong)(dong)過熱(re)(re)(re)(re)保(bao)(bao)護(hu)裝置及自(zi)動(dong)(dong)保(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)指示(shi)裝置，一個由(you)PTC熱(re)(re)(re)(re)敏電(dian)阻開關控(kong)制的(de)小(xiao)電(dian)爐(lu)，PTC是正溫(wen)(wen)度系數的(de)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)敏電(dian)阻，當電(dian)流通過時自(zi)身(shen)會發熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(電(dian)爐(lu)的(de)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)量也會傳導給它的(de))，當溫(wen)(wen)度到(dao)達(da)一定值時，它的(de)電(dian)阻會急劇增大，可以視為(wei)斷開，此時電(dian)暖(nuan)寶減少(shao)消耗(hao)的(de)電(dian)能，之(zhi)后靠保(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)棉對(dui)電(dian)路的(de)保(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)來緩(huan)慢放熱(re)(re)(re)(re)。這種電(dian)暖(nuan)寶保(bao)(bao)溫(wen)(wen)時間長(chang)，缺點是它無法徹底切斷電(dian)路，為(wei)了預(yu)防萬一，加熱(re)(re)(re)(re)時不可離人，且加熱(re)(re)(re)(re)完成后溫(wen)(wen)度較高，在使用(yong)(yong)時必(bi)須套上布袋，以免燙傷。目前，市面(mian)上的(de)電(dian)暖(nuan)寶很(hen)少(shao)使用(yong)(yong)這種控(kong)制方式。

電熱水袋

軟質液(ye)體電(dian)熱(re)(re)寶使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)新技術儲能(neng)發熱(re)(re)劑，加熱(re)(re)升溫迅速(su)。一(yi)次性注水(shui)，永久使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)，獨特防爆免(mian)燙和溫控保護(hu)裝置；使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)壽(shou)命長：保溫持久等優勢。由于(yu)用(yong)(yong)戶無需注水(shui)即可直接使(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)，免(mian)去了(le)傳統熱(re)(re)水(shui)袋頻繁換(huan)水(shui)帶來的(de)麻煩和不安全。從電(dian)熱(re)(re)水(shui)袋的(de)發熱(re)(re)原理(li)看，這(zhe)種(zhong)電(dian)暖寶有電(dian)極(ji)式和電(dian)熱(re)(re)元件式兩大類。其中，電(dian)極(ji)式電(dian)暖寶由于(yu)兩個電(dian)極(ji)(或螺絲)直接裸露在水(shui)中，造成(cheng)的(de)漏電(dian)風險也很大。

電池式暖手寶

這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)產品(pin)(pin)(pin)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)內(nei)置鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)亦或是(shi)使(shi)用(yong)(yong)5號(hao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)進(jin)行(xing)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)驅動，利用(yong)(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻產生熱量的(de)原理進(jin)行(xing)暖手。目前該款產品(pin)(pin)(pin)在2010年由日(ri)本三洋公(gong)司在世界率先推出，之后尤其(qi)是(shi)2011年冬開(kai)始(shi)被(bei)眾多廠家模仿(fang)，但產品(pin)(pin)(pin)品(pin)(pin)(pin)質(zhi)一直未被(bei)超越。這(zhe)種(zhong)(zhong)產品(pin)(pin)(pin)對比前兩種(zhong)(zhong)類(lei)型，加熱不(bu)受(shou)市電(dian)(dian)(dian)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)加熱的(de)約束，可將溫度迅速提(ti)升(sheng)至40℃以內(nei)，對于(yu)(yu)內(nei)置鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)型可以充(chong)滿電(dian)(dian)(dian)以備需要時(shi)(shi)開(kai)啟使(shi)用(yong)(yong)，而采用(yong)(yong)5號(hao)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)型則更方便(bian)隨(sui)時(shi)(shi)隨(sui)地更換(huan)，尤其(qi)適合外出。產品(pin)(pin)(pin)優點：隨(sui)時(shi)(shi)隨(sui)地取(qu)暖，不(bu)受(shou)市電(dian)(dian)(dian)影(ying)響，體(ti)積(ji)輕巧，恒(heng)溫加熱在40℃人體(ti)正常取(qu)暖所(suo)需的(de)安全(quan)溫度以內(nei)，十(shi)分(fen)安全(quan);缺(que)點：由于(yu)(yu)產品(pin)(pin)(pin)體(ti)積(ji)小巧，直接導致電(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)容量不(bu)理想，導熱時(shi)(shi)間不(bu)夠長，通常最長為1小時(shi)(shi)(高(gao)于(yu)(yu)此值，均為虛假宣傳)，由于(yu)(yu)體(ti)積(ji)小，無法大面積(ji)取(qu)暖。

按發熱原理分類

電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暖寶分為電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極式(shi)(shi)和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)熱(re)絲式(shi)(shi)兩種(zhong)。其中(zhong)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極式(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暖寶中(zhong)有(you)正負兩個電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極，直接和(he)袋(dai)中(zhong)的(de)液體(ti)(ti)(ti)(電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)解質溶液)接觸，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極通電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后，溶液就帶電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)加熱(re)，加熱(re)時(shi)間較(jiao)短(duan)(約2～8分鐘)，但液體(ti)(ti)(ti)膨脹較(jiao)快(kuai)，容易(yi)爆炸。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)熱(re)絲式(shi)(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)暖寶中(zhong)有(you)一(yi)個絕緣體(ti)(ti)(ti)線圈，摸上去體(ti)(ti)(ti)積比電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極式(shi)(shi)發熱(re)體(ti)(ti)(ti)明顯要大。