一、電熱水袋里(li)面的液(ye)體是什么?

其實細心的人都會發現電熱水袋里的“水”并不是普通的水，它之所以能夠被加熱而且可以較長時間的保持熱度都是有它的奧妙的。那么到底電熱水袋里面是什么呢？很多手腳易發涼的人幾乎是整個冬天電熱水袋不離身的，電熱水袋很神奇，一插電就熱了，有很多人覺得其實電熱水袋就是燒開水，那么就錯了。

電熱水袋里面是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)什么呢？其實是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)鐵粉或鐵氧體，電(dian)熱水袋(dai)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)靠電(dian)磁(ci)產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)的(de)(de)熱能的(de)(de)產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)電(dian)磁(ci)的(de)(de)東西是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)封閉起來的(de)(de)，是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)了(le)防止漏(lou)電(dian)，如果通了(le)電(dian)以后(hou)就(jiu)產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)磁(ci)場，鐵和(he)(he)磁(ci)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)相互反應的(de)(de)，使所(suo)謂(wei)的(de)(de)水里面產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)渦(wo)流和(he)(he)磁(ci)滯然后(hou)就(jiu)產(chan)(chan)生(sheng)了(le)熱能，和(he)(he)變(bian)壓器(qi)為(wei)(wei)什么會發熱是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)相關的(de)(de)都是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)因為(wei)(wei)磁(ci)滯和(he)(he)渦(wo)流而熱的(de)(de)，人們把(ba)變(bian)壓器(qi)做成一(yi)片一(yi)片的(de)(de)硅(gui)剛片就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)為(wei)(wei)了(le)減小磁(ci)滯和(he)(he)渦(wo)流的(de)(de)，從(cong)而提高(gao)效率的(de)(de)，而熱水袋(dai)則是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)相反的(de)(de)。

該圖片由注冊用戶"溫溫潤澤"提供，版權聲明反饋

二、電熱水袋的工作原理

電熱(re)(re)水(shui)袋(dai)里的(de)過(guo)飽(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)和(he)(he)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)。在(zai)某種(zhong)溫度(du)下(xia)，溶(rong)(rong)(rong)質(zhi)在(zai)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)劑中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)可(ke)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)性(xing)是(shi)(shi)不變(bian)的(de)，例如食鹽在(zai)水(shui)的(de)可(ke)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)性(xing)在(zai)室溫時是(shi)(shi)36g/100mL水(shui)。當溶(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)中(zhong)(zhong)的(de)濃度(du)與(yu)其可(ke)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)性(xing)相等時，這(zhe)種(zhong)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)便(bian)(bian)稱為飽(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)和(he)(he)液(ye)(ye)；而當溶(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)的(de)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)度(du)比其可(ke)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)性(xing)還(huan)要高(gao)的(de)時候，這(zhe)種(zhong)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)便(bian)(bian)稱為過(guo)飽(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)和(he)(he)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)。暖(nuan)手(shou)袋(dai)里的(de)液(ye)(ye)體就是(shi)(shi)過(guo)飽(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)和(he)(he)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)醋酸鈉(na)。由于過(guo)飽(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)和(he)(he)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)的(de)濃度(du)太高(gao)，當扭(niu)曲金屬的(de)時候,所產生的(de)輕微震動便(bian)(bian)足(zu)以(yi)使溶(rong)(rong)(rong)質(zhi)結(jie)晶，變(bian)成(cheng)(cheng)較穩(wen)定的(de)固體。然而，這(zhe)個過(guo)程是(shi)(shi)放熱(re)(re)的(de)，所以(yi)暖(nuan)手(shou)袋(dai)告開始暖(nuan)起來。只要把充(chong)電熱(re)(re)水(shui)袋(dai)放入沸水(shui)中(zhong)(zhong)加熱(re)(re)約10分鐘，凝結(jie)了的(de)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)質(zhi)便(bian)(bian)會再(zai)次溶(rong)(rong)(rong)解(jie)；這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)由于在(zai)高(gao)溫下(xia)，溶(rong)(rong)(rong)質(zhi)的(de)可(ke)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)性(xing)增加。在(zai)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)解(jie)的(de)過(guo)程中(zhong)(zhong)，溶(rong)(rong)(rong)質(zhi)進行(xing)吸熱(re)(re)反應，再(zai)次成(cheng)(cheng)為過(guo)飽(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)(bao)和(he)(he)溶(rong)(rong)(rong)液(ye)(ye)。

三、電熱水袋分類

按產品結構分類

電暖寶產品(pin)按有電熱(re)餅、電熱(re)水袋和電暖式暖手寶。

固體電熱餅

其填充是(shi)保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)棉(如(ru)：陶瓷棉等其他的(de)(de)(de))，使(shi)用(yong)電(dian)(dian)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)絲加熱(re)(re)(re)(re)，將熱(re)(re)(re)(re)量傳遞給石(shi)棉或玻(bo)璃纖維(wei)保(bao)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)。工(gong)作(zuo)原理(li)是(shi)：用(yong)雙(shuang)控溫(wen)(wen)電(dian)(dian)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)儲能(neng)式結(jie)構,逐漸(jian)釋放熱(re)(re)(re)(re)能(neng)。內設自(zi)動過(guo)(guo)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)保(bao)護裝(zhuang)置及自(zi)動保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)指示裝(zhuang)置，一個由PTC熱(re)(re)(re)(re)敏(min)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)開關(guan)控制的(de)(de)(de)小電(dian)(dian)爐，PTC是(shi)正溫(wen)(wen)度(du)系數的(de)(de)(de)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)敏(min)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)，當(dang)電(dian)(dian)流通過(guo)(guo)時(shi)自(zi)身會(hui)發熱(re)(re)(re)(re)(電(dian)(dian)爐的(de)(de)(de)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)量也會(hui)傳導(dao)給它的(de)(de)(de))，當(dang)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)到(dao)達一定值(zhi)時(shi)，它的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)阻(zu)會(hui)急劇(ju)增(zeng)大，可以(yi)視(shi)為斷開，此時(shi)電(dian)(dian)暖寶減少消耗的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)能(neng)，之(zhi)后(hou)靠保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)棉對電(dian)(dian)路的(de)(de)(de)保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)來緩慢放熱(re)(re)(re)(re)。這種電(dian)(dian)暖寶保(bao)溫(wen)(wen)時(shi)間長，缺(que)點(dian)是(shi)它無法徹底(di)切斷電(dian)(dian)路，為了(le)預防萬一，加熱(re)(re)(re)(re)時(shi)不可離人，且(qie)加熱(re)(re)(re)(re)完成后(hou)溫(wen)(wen)度(du)較高，在(zai)使(shi)用(yong)時(shi)必須套上布(bu)袋，以(yi)免燙(tang)傷。目前，市(shi)面上的(de)(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)暖寶很少使(shi)用(yong)這種控制方式。

電熱水袋

軟質液體電(dian)(dian)(dian)熱寶使用新技術儲能發熱劑，加熱升溫迅(xun)速。一次(ci)性注水(shui)，永久(jiu)使用，獨特防爆免(mian)燙和溫控(kong)保護裝置；使用壽命(ming)長：保溫持(chi)久(jiu)等優勢。由(you)于用戶(hu)無需(xu)注水(shui)即可(ke)直接使用，免(mian)去了(le)傳統(tong)熱水(shui)袋(dai)頻繁(fan)換水(shui)帶來(lai)的麻煩和不安全。從電(dian)(dian)(dian)熱水(shui)袋(dai)的發熱原理看，這種電(dian)(dian)(dian)暖寶有電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)式和電(dian)(dian)(dian)熱元件(jian)式兩(liang)大(da)類。其中，電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)式電(dian)(dian)(dian)暖寶由(you)于兩(liang)個電(dian)(dian)(dian)極(ji)(或螺絲)直接裸露在水(shui)中，造成的漏電(dian)(dian)(dian)風險也(ye)很大(da)。

電池式暖手寶

這種產(chan)(chan)品(pin)使用(yong)內(nei)(nei)置(zhi)鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池亦或(huo)是使用(yong)5號電(dian)(dian)(dian)池進行(xing)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)驅動，利用(yong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)阻產(chan)(chan)生熱(re)(re)(re)量(liang)的(de)原理(li)進行(xing)暖手。目前該款產(chan)(chan)品(pin)在2010年由日本三洋公司在世(shi)界率先推出(chu)，之后尤其是2011年冬開始被眾(zhong)多(duo)廠家模(mo)仿，但(dan)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)品(pin)質一(yi)直未(wei)被超越(yue)。這種產(chan)(chan)品(pin)對(dui)比前兩種類型(xing)，加熱(re)(re)(re)不受市電(dian)(dian)(dian)供電(dian)(dian)(dian)加熱(re)(re)(re)的(de)約束，可將溫(wen)度(du)迅速提升(sheng)至40℃以內(nei)(nei)，對(dui)于(yu)內(nei)(nei)置(zhi)鋰電(dian)(dian)(dian)池型(xing)可以充滿電(dian)(dian)(dian)以備需(xu)要時(shi)開啟使用(yong)，而采(cai)用(yong)5號電(dian)(dian)(dian)池型(xing)則(ze)更(geng)方便隨時(shi)隨地(di)更(geng)換，尤其適(shi)合(he)外出(chu)。產(chan)(chan)品(pin)優(you)點(dian)：隨時(shi)隨地(di)取(qu)暖，不受市電(dian)(dian)(dian)影響，體(ti)積(ji)(ji)輕巧，恒溫(wen)加熱(re)(re)(re)在40℃人體(ti)正常取(qu)暖所需(xu)的(de)安全(quan)溫(wen)度(du)以內(nei)(nei)，十(shi)分安全(quan);缺點(dian)：由于(yu)產(chan)(chan)品(pin)體(ti)積(ji)(ji)小巧，直接導致(zhi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)池容量(liang)不理(li)想，導熱(re)(re)(re)時(shi)間不夠(gou)長，通常最長為(wei)1小時(shi)(高于(yu)此值(zhi)，均為(wei)虛假(jia)宣傳)，由于(yu)體(ti)積(ji)(ji)小，無(wu)法大面積(ji)(ji)取(qu)暖。

按發熱原理分類

電(dian)(dian)(dian)暖(nuan)(nuan)寶(bao)(bao)分(fen)為電(dian)(dian)(dian)極式(shi)和(he)電(dian)(dian)(dian)熱(re)絲式(shi)兩(liang)種。其中(zhong)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)極式(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)暖(nuan)(nuan)寶(bao)(bao)中(zhong)有正(zheng)負兩(liang)個電(dian)(dian)(dian)極，直接和(he)袋中(zhong)的液(ye)體(ti)(電(dian)(dian)(dian)解質溶液(ye))接觸(chu)，電(dian)(dian)(dian)極通(tong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)后，溶液(ye)就(jiu)帶電(dian)(dian)(dian)加(jia)熱(re)，加(jia)熱(re)時間(jian)較短(duan)(約2～8分(fen)鐘)，但液(ye)體(ti)膨脹較快，容易爆(bao)炸。電(dian)(dian)(dian)熱(re)絲式(shi)電(dian)(dian)(dian)暖(nuan)(nuan)寶(bao)(bao)中(zhong)有一個絕緣(yuan)體(ti)線(xian)圈(quan)，摸上去(qu)體(ti)積比電(dian)(dian)(dian)極式(shi)發(fa)熱(re)體(ti)明顯(xian)要大。