實木家具工藝流程全介紹 帶您了解實木家具制作環節

實(shi)木家具加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝主(zhu)要(yao)內容為實(shi)木零件的(de)(de)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝。實(shi)木零件的(de)(de)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝過程是指通過各種加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)設備改(gai)變原材料(liao)的(de)(de)形狀、尺寸或物理性質，將原材料(liao)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)成(cheng)符合技術要(yao)求的(de)(de)產(chan)品(pin)時，所(suo)進行的(de)(de)一系列工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作的(de)(de)總和稱(cheng)為工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝過程。它是由若干個(ge)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序組成(cheng)的(de)(de)。干燥-配料(liao)-毛料(liao)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)-膠合加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)-彎曲加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)-凈料(liao)加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)—部件裝(zhuang)配-部件加(jia)(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)-總裝(zhuang)配、涂飾

(1)干(gan)(gan)燥(zao)：濕(shi)的(de)(de)板(ban)材(cai)(cai)、方材(cai)(cai)通過(guo)干(gan)(gan)燥(zao)窯干(gan)(gan)燥(zao)或自然干(gan)(gan)燥(zao)等方式，將(jiang)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)的(de)(de)含水(shui)率(lv)控(kong)制(zhi)在一定的(de)(de)范圍內，即與使用(yong)該家具地(di)區的(de)(de)木材(cai)(cai)年平衡(heng)含水(shui)率(lv)相適應。用(yong)于家具制(zhi)造的(de)(de)其他材(cai)(cai)料(liao)如集成材(cai)(cai)、層積材(cai)(cai)及各種人造板(ban)的(de)(de)含水(shui)率(lv)也(ye)要加(jia)以控(kong)制(zhi)。

(2)配料：

①合理選(xuan)料：根據產品質量(liang)要求(qiu)和特點來(lai)選(xuan)擇樹(shu)(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)、紋(wen)理、顏色等。高檔(dang)家(jia)具(ju)所有零件都盡可能選(xuan)用同(tong)一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)樹(shu)(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)來(lai)配料，如所選(xuan)用樹(shu)(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)為珍貴樹(shu)(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)則家(jia)具(ju)的成本就會(hui)很高。起支撐作用的家(jia)具(ju)零件要考慮(lv)其強度，普(pu)通家(jia)具(ju)也是(shi)如此。

②合(he)理確定加工余量(liang)和含水(shui)率：含水(shui)率應(ying)內外均勻(yun)一致，無內應(ying)力，防止在加工和使用(yong)過程中產生翹曲(qu)、開裂等現(xian)象；根(gen)據(ju)設備情況及加工工序的多少合(he)理地(di)留出加工余量(liang)。

③合(he)理選擇(ze)配料(liao)(liao)方(fang)式：一般應該遵循倍數(shu)(shu)毛(mao)料(liao)(liao)原則(ze)，即(ji)毛(mao)料(liao)(liao)與凈料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)長度(du)、寬度(du)、厚度(du)都可以是倍數(shu)(shu)關系。最佳(jia)方(fang)案是毛(mao)料(liao)(liao)和凈料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)斷面尺(chi)寸相(xiang)當(dang) (應有一定的(de)(de)加(jia)工(gong)余量(liang))，長度(du)則(ze)是被加(jia)工(gong)零件的(de)(de)倍數(shu)(shu)。其(qi)目的(de)(de)是減少浪費(fei)和提高生產效率。

(3)毛料加工：將鋸材加工成(cheng)外(wai)形尺寸準確的(de)零件，為(wei)凈(jing)料加工提供準確的(de)定(ding)位基準。

(4)膠合(he)加工：主要指板方材膠合(he)、空心(xin)板的制造、貼面(mian)等。

(5)彎(wan)(wan)曲(qu)加工：主要指(zhi)實木彎(wan)(wan)曲(qu)、單板(ban)膠合彎(wan)(wan)曲(qu)、鋸口彎(wan)(wan)曲(qu)等。

(6)凈料加(jia)工：主(zhu)要指(zhi)開榫、鉆(zhan)孔(kong)、開槽、車形(xing)、仿形(xing)、鏤銑(xian)、打榫眼、磨光等。

(7)部(bu)件(jian)裝配：就是(shi)把零件(jian)通過榫卯結構、圓榫連接、膠粘劑、釘(ding)子、木螺絲(si)釘(ding)及五金聯(lian)接件(jian)組裝起來成(cheng)為部(bu)件(jian)。

(8)部件加(jia)工：主要(yao)是指裝配好的(de)部件的(de)加(jia)工，如門(men)的(de)再修(xiu)正、砂光。

(9)總裝配和涂飾：將部件、零件通過一定方式(shi)連接起來，再油漆。如：學生課畫桌生產工藝包括以下個過程

1、配料：配料一般需用(yong)到下列機器：切(qie)床、壓刨(bao)(bao)、開料鋸(ju)、平刨(bao)(bao)、銑床、拼板機、帶鋸(ju)、四(si)面刨(bao)(bao)等。

2、白(bai)(bai)胚加(jia)工(gong)：白(bai)(bai)身加(jia)工(gong)（細作）也就是產品各分件從毛料加(jia)工(gong)成圖(tu)紙所要求的尺寸(cun)和形(xing)狀的一個加(jia)工(gong)過程。其重點要注意的加(jia)工(gong)工(gong)序是打孔(kong)、銑型、截斜角、雕刻(ke)部(bu)件的加(jia)工(gong)，必需保證加(jia)工(gong)精度，這(zhe)樣才能保證組(zu)(zu)裝(zhuang)工(gong)序的組(zu)(zu)裝(zhuang)精度在允許(xu)的誤差范圍內。

3、組裝(zhuang)：為保證組裝(zhuang)的精度和操(cao)作的熟(shu)練(lian)程度，每(mei)一(yi)組裝(zhuang)線都(dou)要進行(xing)合(he)理安(an)排，其基本過(guo)程是先裝(zhuang)框架再(zai)裝(zhuang)細節，裝(zhuang)好(hao)后(hou)再(zai)對不合(he)理的地(di)方進行(xing)修(xiu)整。

4、涂(tu)(tu)裝：涂(tu)(tu)裝是(shi)工程機械產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)的(de)表面制造工藝中的(de)一個重(zhong)要環(huan)節。防銹、防蝕涂(tu)(tu)裝質量是(shi)產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)全面質量的(de)重(zhong)要方面之一。產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)外觀質量不僅反(fan)映(ying)了產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)防護(hu)、裝飾性能 , 而且也是(shi)構成產(chan)(chan)(chan)品(pin)價值的(de)重(zhong)要因素。

5、包裝：從油漆線下來的(de)產品進行整體包裝，注意保護邊角(jiao)，并按客(ke)戶要(yao)求作好嘜頭。