實木家具工藝流程全介紹 帶您了解實木家具制作環節

實木家具加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)主(zhu)要內(nei)容(rong)為實木零件(jian)的加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)。實木零件(jian)的工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)過程(cheng)是指通過各種加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)設備改變原材料的形狀、尺寸或物(wu)理(li)性質(zhi)，將(jiang)原材料加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)成符合技術(shu)要求的產品時，所進行的一系列工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作的總和(he)稱(cheng)為工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝(yi)(yi)過程(cheng)。它(ta)是由若干個工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序組成的。干燥-配(pei)料-毛料加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)-膠(jiao)合加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)-彎曲加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)-凈料加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)—部件(jian)裝(zhuang)配(pei)-部件(jian)加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)-總裝(zhuang)配(pei)、涂飾

(1)干(gan)(gan)(gan)燥(zao)：濕的(de)板材(cai)、方(fang)材(cai)通(tong)過干(gan)(gan)(gan)燥(zao)窯干(gan)(gan)(gan)燥(zao)或自然(ran)干(gan)(gan)(gan)燥(zao)等方(fang)式，將材(cai)料(liao)的(de)含(han)水率控制(zhi)在一定的(de)范圍(wei)內，即與使(shi)用該家具地區的(de)木材(cai)年平衡含(han)水率相適(shi)應。用于(yu)家具制(zhi)造(zao)的(de)其(qi)他材(cai)料(liao)如集成材(cai)、層積材(cai)及各種人(ren)造(zao)板的(de)含(han)水率也(ye)要加以控制(zhi)。

(2)配料：

①合理選(xuan)料：根(gen)據產品質量要求和(he)特點來(lai)選(xuan)擇樹(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)、紋(wen)理、顏色(se)等。高(gao)檔家(jia)(jia)具(ju)(ju)(ju)所(suo)有零件都(dou)盡可能選(xuan)用同一(yi)種(zhong)(zhong)樹(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)來(lai)配(pei)料，如(ru)(ru)所(suo)選(xuan)用樹(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)為珍貴(gui)樹(shu)種(zhong)(zhong)則家(jia)(jia)具(ju)(ju)(ju)的成本就會(hui)很高(gao)。起支撐(cheng)作用的家(jia)(jia)具(ju)(ju)(ju)零件要考慮其(qi)強度(du)，普通(tong)家(jia)(jia)具(ju)(ju)(ju)也是如(ru)(ru)此。

②合理確(que)定加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)余(yu)量和含水率：含水率應內外均勻(yun)一致，無內應力，防(fang)止在加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)和使用過程中(zhong)產生翹曲、開裂等現象；根據設備(bei)情況(kuang)及加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)序的多少合理地留出加(jia)(jia)工(gong)(gong)余(yu)量。

③合理選擇配料方式：一般應該(gai)遵循倍(bei)數毛料原則，即毛料與(yu)凈(jing)料的長度、寬度、厚(hou)度都可(ke)以是倍(bei)數關系。最佳方案是毛料和(he)(he)凈(jing)料的斷面尺寸相當 (應有一定的加(jia)工(gong)余量(liang))，長度則是被加(jia)工(gong)零件的倍(bei)數。其目的是減(jian)少浪費(fei)和(he)(he)提高生產效率。

(3)毛料加(jia)工(gong)：將鋸(ju)材加(jia)工(gong)成(cheng)外形(xing)尺(chi)寸(cun)準(zhun)確(que)的零(ling)件(jian)，為(wei)凈料加(jia)工(gong)提(ti)供準(zhun)確(que)的定(ding)位(wei)基準(zhun)。

(4)膠合(he)加工：主要(yao)指板(ban)方(fang)材膠合(he)、空心板(ban)的制造、貼面等。

(5)彎(wan)曲(qu)加工：主要指(zhi)實木彎(wan)曲(qu)、單板膠合彎(wan)曲(qu)、鋸口(kou)彎(wan)曲(qu)等。

(6)凈料加工：主要(yao)指開榫、鉆孔、開槽、車形、仿形、鏤銑、打榫眼、磨光等。

(7)部(bu)件(jian)裝配(pei)：就是把(ba)零件(jian)通過(guo)榫卯結構、圓榫連接、膠粘劑、釘子、木(mu)螺絲釘及五金聯(lian)接件(jian)組裝起來成為部(bu)件(jian)。

(8)部件(jian)加(jia)工(gong)：主要是指裝配好的部件(jian)的加(jia)工(gong)，如(ru)門的再修正、砂(sha)光。

(9)總(zong)裝配(pei)和(he)涂飾：將部(bu)件、零件通過(guo)一定(ding)方式連(lian)接起來，再油漆。如：學生課畫桌生產工藝包括以下個過(guo)程

1、配料(liao)：配料(liao)一般需用到下列機器：切(qie)床(chuang)、壓刨、開(kai)料(liao)鋸(ju)、平(ping)刨、銑床(chuang)、拼板機、帶(dai)鋸(ju)、四面刨等。

2、白(bai)胚加工：白(bai)身(shen)加工（細作）也(ye)就是產品各分件(jian)從毛料加工成(cheng)圖紙所(suo)要求的尺寸和形狀的一個加工過(guo)程(cheng)。其重點要注(zhu)意的加工工序(xu)是打孔、銑型、截斜角(jiao)、雕刻部件(jian)的加工，必需保(bao)證加工精(jing)度，這樣才能保(bao)證組裝工序(xu)的組裝精(jing)度在允(yun)許的誤(wu)差范圍內。

3、組裝(zhuang)：為保證組裝(zhuang)的精度和操作的熟練程度，每(mei)一組裝(zhuang)線都要(yao)進行合理(li)安排，其基本過程是先裝(zhuang)框架再裝(zhuang)細節，裝(zhuang)好后再對不合理(li)的地方進行修整(zheng)。

4、涂(tu)(tu)裝：涂(tu)(tu)裝是工程(cheng)機械產(chan)品的(de)(de)表面(mian)制(zhi)造工藝中(zhong)的(de)(de)一個重(zhong)要環(huan)節。防(fang)銹、防(fang)蝕(shi)涂(tu)(tu)裝質量是產(chan)品全面(mian)質量的(de)(de)重(zhong)要方面(mian)之(zhi)一。產(chan)品外觀(guan)質量不(bu)僅反映了產(chan)品防(fang)護、裝飾性能 , 而(er)且也(ye)是構(gou)成產(chan)品價值(zhi)的(de)(de)重(zhong)要因(yin)素。

5、包裝：從油漆線下來的產品進行整體包裝，注意保護邊角(jiao)，并按客戶(hu)要求(qiu)作好嘜頭(tou)。