實木家具工藝流程全介紹 帶您了解實木家具制作環節
實(shi)木(mu)家具加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝主要內(nei)容為實(shi)木(mu)零件的加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝。實(shi)木(mu)零件的工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝過程(cheng)是(shi)指通(tong)過各種加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)設備改變原材料的形狀、尺寸或物理性(xing)質(zhi),將原材料加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)成符合技術要求(qiu)的產(chan)品時,所(suo)進行的一系列工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)作的總(zong)和稱為工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)藝過程(cheng)。它是(shi)由若干個工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)序組成的。干燥(zao)-配料-毛(mao)料加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)-膠合加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)-彎曲(qu)加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)-凈料加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)—部件裝配-部件加(jia)工(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)-總(zong)裝配、涂飾(shi)
(1)干(gan)燥(zao):濕的(de)板材、方(fang)(fang)材通過干(gan)燥(zao)窯干(gan)燥(zao)或自然干(gan)燥(zao)等方(fang)(fang)式,將材料的(de)含(han)(han)水(shui)(shui)率(lv)控制(zhi)在一定的(de)范圍內,即與使用(yong)該家(jia)具地區的(de)木材年(nian)平(ping)衡含(han)(han)水(shui)(shui)率(lv)相適應。用(yong)于(yu)家(jia)具制(zhi)造的(de)其他材料如集成材、層(ceng)積材及各種(zhong)人造板的(de)含(han)(han)水(shui)(shui)率(lv)也要加以控制(zhi)。
(2)配料:
①合理選(xuan)料:根據產品(pin)質量要求和特點(dian)來選(xuan)擇(ze)樹(shu)種、紋理、顏色等。高檔家具(ju)(ju)(ju)所(suo)(suo)有零(ling)(ling)件都盡可能選(xuan)用(yong)同(tong)一(yi)種樹(shu)種來配料,如所(suo)(suo)選(xuan)用(yong)樹(shu)種為珍(zhen)貴樹(shu)種則家具(ju)(ju)(ju)的成本就會很高。起支(zhi)撐(cheng)作用(yong)的家具(ju)(ju)(ju)零(ling)(ling)件要考慮其(qi)強度,普通家具(ju)(ju)(ju)也是如此。
②合(he)(he)理(li)確定加工(gong)余量和含水率(lv):含水率(lv)應內(nei)外(wai)均勻一致(zhi),無內(nei)應力,防止在(zai)加工(gong)和使用過程中產(chan)生翹曲、開裂等現象;根據設備情(qing)況(kuang)及加工(gong)工(gong)序(xu)的多(duo)少合(he)(he)理(li)地留出加工(gong)余量。
③合(he)理選擇配料(liao)方(fang)(fang)式:一般應該遵(zun)循(xun)倍數毛(mao)料(liao)原(yuan)則(ze),即毛(mao)料(liao)與凈料(liao)的長度(du)、寬度(du)、厚度(du)都可以是(shi)倍數關系。最佳方(fang)(fang)案是(shi)毛(mao)料(liao)和凈料(liao)的斷面尺寸相當(dang) (應有一定的加工余(yu)量),長度(du)則(ze)是(shi)被加工零件(jian)的倍數。其目的是(shi)減少(shao)浪費(fei)和提高生產(chan)效(xiao)率。
(3)毛(mao)料加(jia)工(gong):將鋸(ju)材加(jia)工(gong)成外形尺(chi)寸(cun)準(zhun)(zhun)確(que)的零件,為(wei)凈(jing)料加(jia)工(gong)提供準(zhun)(zhun)確(que)的定位基準(zhun)(zhun)。
(4)膠(jiao)合加工:主要(yao)指板(ban)方材膠(jiao)合、空心板(ban)的制造、貼面等(deng)。
(5)彎(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)加工:主要指(zhi)實木彎(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)、單板膠(jiao)合彎(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)、鋸口彎(wan)曲(qu)(qu)(qu)等。
(6)凈料加工:主要指開(kai)榫、鉆孔(kong)、開(kai)槽、車形、仿形、鏤銑、打(da)榫眼、磨光等。
(7)部(bu)件裝配:就是把零件通過榫(sun)卯(mao)結(jie)構(gou)、圓(yuan)榫(sun)連接、膠粘劑、釘(ding)(ding)子、木(mu)螺(luo)絲釘(ding)(ding)及五金(jin)聯接件組裝起來成(cheng)為(wei)部(bu)件。
(8)部(bu)(bu)件加工:主要是指裝配好的(de)部(bu)(bu)件的(de)加工,如門(men)的(de)再修正、砂(sha)光。
(9)總裝配和涂飾:將部件、零件通(tong)過一定(ding)方式連接起來,再油漆(qi)。如:學生課畫桌(zhuo)生產(chan)工藝(yi)包(bao)括以下個(ge)過程(cheng)
1、配料:配料一般需用(yong)到(dao)下列機(ji)器:切床(chuang)、壓刨、開料鋸、平刨、銑床(chuang)、拼板機(ji)、帶鋸、四面(mian)刨等。
2、白(bai)胚加工(gong)(gong):白(bai)身加工(gong)(gong)(細作)也就(jiu)是(shi)產品各分(fen)件(jian)從毛料(liao)加工(gong)(gong)成(cheng)圖紙所要求的尺寸和形狀的一個加工(gong)(gong)過程。其重點(dian)要注意的加工(gong)(gong)工(gong)(gong)序是(shi)打孔(kong)、銑型、截斜角、雕刻部件(jian)的加工(gong)(gong),必需保證加工(gong)(gong)精度,這樣才能保證組裝(zhuang)工(gong)(gong)序的組裝(zhuang)精度在允許(xu)的誤差(cha)范(fan)圍內。
3、組裝(zhuang)(zhuang):為(wei)保證組裝(zhuang)(zhuang)的精度和操作(zuo)的熟練程度,每一組裝(zhuang)(zhuang)線都要進(jin)行(xing)合理安排(pai),其基本過(guo)程是先裝(zhuang)(zhuang)框架再(zai)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)細節,裝(zhuang)(zhuang)好(hao)后(hou)再(zai)對不合理的地方進(jin)行(xing)修整。
4、涂(tu)裝(zhuang)(zhuang):涂(tu)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)是(shi)工程機械產品的(de)表面制造工藝中的(de)一個重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)環節。防銹、防蝕涂(tu)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)質量(liang)是(shi)產品全面質量(liang)的(de)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)方面之一。產品外觀質量(liang)不僅反(fan)映了產品防護、裝(zhuang)(zhuang)飾(shi)性(xing)能 , 而且(qie)也(ye)是(shi)構成(cheng)產品價值(zhi)的(de)重(zhong)要(yao)(yao)因(yin)素(su)。
5、包(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang):從油漆(qi)線下(xia)來的產品進行整體包(bao)裝(zhuang)(zhuang),注意保(bao)護邊角,并按客戶要(yao)求作好嘜頭。