芒果视频下载

光(guang)伏(fu)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)是利用半導體界面的光(guang)生(sheng)伏(fu)特效(xiao)應而將(jiang)光(guang)能直(zhi)接轉變為電(dian)能的一(yi)種技術(shu)。主要由太陽電(dian)池板（組件(jian)）、控(kong)制器和逆變器三大部(bu)分組成(cheng)(cheng)，主要部(bu)件(jian)由電(dian)子元器件(jian)構(gou)成(cheng)(cheng)。太陽能電(dian)池經過串聯(lian)后進行封(feng)裝保(bao)護可形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)大面積的太陽電(dian)池組件(jian)，再配合(he)上功率控(kong)制器等部(bu)件(jian)就形(xing)成(cheng)(cheng)了(le)光(guang)伏(fu)發(fa)(fa)電(dian)裝置。

光伏發電(dian)(dian)的(de)主(zhu)要原(yuan)理是半導(dao)(dao)體的(de)光電(dian)(dian)效應(ying)。光子(zi)(zi)(zi)照射到(dao)金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)上時，它的(de)能(neng)量可(ke)以被金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)中某(mou)個(ge)電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)全部吸收，電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)吸收的(de)能(neng)量足夠大，能(neng)克服(fu)金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)內部引(yin)力做功，離開金(jin)(jin)屬(shu)(shu)表面逃逸出來(lai)，成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)光電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)。硅(gui)原(yuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)有(you)4個(ge)外層電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)，如果在(zai)純硅(gui)中摻入有(you)5個(ge)外層電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)原(yuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)如磷原(yuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)，就(jiu)成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)N型(xing)半導(dao)(dao)體；若在(zai)純硅(gui)中摻入有(you)3個(ge)外層電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)的(de)原(yuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)如硼原(yuan)子(zi)(zi)(zi)，形成(cheng)(cheng)P型(xing)半導(dao)(dao)體。當(dang)P型(xing)和(he)N型(xing)結合在(zai)一起時，接觸(chu)面就(jiu)會形成(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)勢差，成(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)太陽(yang)能(neng)電(dian)(dian)池。當(dang)太陽(yang)光照射到(dao)P-N結后，空(kong)穴由P極(ji)區往N極(ji)區移(yi)(yi)動(dong)，電(dian)(dian)子(zi)(zi)(zi)由N極(ji)區向P極(ji)區移(yi)(yi)動(dong)，形成(cheng)(cheng)電(dian)(dian)流(liu)。

光電(dian)(dian)效應就(jiu)是光照使(shi)不(bu)(bu)均勻半導(dao)體或半導(dao)體與金屬結合的不(bu)(bu)同部位(wei)之間產生電(dian)(dian)位(wei)差(cha)的現象。它(ta)首(shou)先是由(you)光子(光波(bo))轉化為(wei)電(dian)(dian)子、光能量(liang)轉化為(wei)電(dian)(dian)能量(liang)的過程(cheng)；其(qi)次，是形(xing)成電(dian)(dian)壓過程(cheng)。

多晶(jing)硅(gui)經過鑄錠(ding)、破錠(ding)、切片(pian)(pian)等程(cheng)序后(hou)，制(zhi)(zhi)作(zuo)成(cheng)待加工的(de)(de)硅(gui)片(pian)(pian)。在硅(gui)片(pian)(pian)上(shang)摻(chan)雜和(he)擴散微(wei)量(liang)的(de)(de)硼、磷(lin)等，就形成(cheng)P－N結(jie)。然后(hou)采用(yong)(yong)絲網印刷，將精配好的(de)(de)銀(yin)漿印在硅(gui)片(pian)(pian)上(shang)做成(cheng)柵線，經過燒(shao)結(jie)，同時制(zhi)(zhi)成(cheng)背(bei)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極，并在有(you)柵線的(de)(de)面涂(tu)(tu)一(yi)層防反射涂(tu)(tu)層，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)片(pian)(pian)就至此制(zhi)(zhi)成(cheng)。電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)片(pian)(pian)排(pai)列組(zu)(zu)(zu)合成(cheng)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組(zu)(zu)(zu)件(jian)(jian)，就組(zu)(zu)(zu)成(cheng)了(le)大的(de)(de)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)路板(ban)。一(yi)般(ban)在組(zu)(zu)(zu)件(jian)(jian)四周包鋁框，正面覆蓋(gai)玻璃，反面安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)極。有(you)了(le)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組(zu)(zu)(zu)件(jian)(jian)和(he)其他輔(fu)助設備(bei)，就可以(yi)組(zu)(zu)(zu)成(cheng)發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統(tong)。為了(le)將直流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)轉(zhuan)化交流電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)，需要安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流轉(zhuan)換器(qi)。發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)后(hou)可用(yong)(yong)蓄(xu)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)存儲，也可輸入公共(gong)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)網。發(fa)電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)系統(tong)成(cheng)本中，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)池(chi)(chi)組(zu)(zu)(zu)件(jian)(jian)約占50%，電(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)流轉(zhuan)換器(qi)、安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)(zhuang)費、其他輔(fu)助部件(jian)(jian)以(yi)及其他費用(yong)(yong)占另外50%。

無論從世界(jie)還是從中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)來看，常規能源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)都是很(hen)有(you)限的(de)(de)。中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)一次能源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)儲(chu)量遠遠低于世界(jie)的(de)(de)平均(jun)水平，大約只有(you)世界(jie)總儲(chu)量的(de)(de)10%。太陽能是人類取之不盡(jin)用(yong)之不竭的(de)(de)可再生能源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)，具有(you)充分的(de)(de)清潔(jie)性、絕對的(de)(de)安全性、相對的(de)(de)廣(guang)泛性、確(que)實的(de)(de)長壽(shou)命和免(mian)維護(hu)性、資源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)的(de)(de)充足性及潛在的(de)(de)經濟性等優點，在能源(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)戰略中(zhong)具有(you)重要(yao)地(di)位(wei)。