中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)-中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)亞(ya)(ya)峰(feng)(feng)會(hui)(簡稱“中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)亞(ya)(ya)峰(feng)(feng)會(hui)”)是中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)與中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)亞(ya)(ya)五國(guo)(guo)(哈薩克斯(si)(si)坦(tan)(tan)、吉(ji)爾吉(ji)斯(si)(si)斯(si)(si)坦(tan)(tan)、塔吉(ji)克斯(si)(si)坦(tan)(tan)、烏茲(zi)別克斯(si)(si)坦(tan)(tan)和土庫曼斯(si)(si)坦(tan)(tan))建交多年來,六國(guo)(guo)元首(shou)(shou)首(shou)(shou)次(ci)以實體形(xing)式舉(ju)(ju)辦(ban)的峰(feng)(feng)會(hui),在(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)同(tong)(tong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)亞(ya)(ya)國(guo)(guo)家關系(xi)發(fa)展史上(shang)具有里程碑意義,將中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)與中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)亞(ya)(ya)國(guo)(guo)家關系(xi)與合作推向新(xin)高度,為發(fa)展中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)與中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)亞(ya)(ya)國(guo)(guo)家的關系(xi)進行了(le)頂層設計,指明了(le)發(fa)展方(fang)向,創建了(le)豐富的合作機制。在(zai)首(shou)(shou)屆中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)亞(ya)(ya)峰(feng)(feng)會(hui)上(shang),六國(guo)(guo)領導人共同(tong)(tong)簽(qian)署了(le)《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)-中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)亞(ya)(ya)峰(feng)(feng)會(hui)西安宣言》,并通(tong)過了(le)《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)-中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)亞(ya)(ya)峰(feng)(feng)會(hui)成(cheng)果清單》,并決定以舉(ju)(ju)辦(ban)這次(ci)峰(feng)(feng)會(hui)為契機,正(zheng)式成(cheng)立中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)—中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)亞(ya)(ya)元首(shou)(shou)會(hui)晤機制,每兩年舉(ju)(ju)辦(ban)一次(ci),輪流在(zai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)和中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)亞(ya)(ya)國(guo)(guo)家舉(ju)(ju)辦(ban)。
中(zhong)亞(ya)五國(guo)是中(zhong)國(guo)的(de)(de)(de)友好鄰邦(bang),是共建“一(yi)(yi)帶一(yi)(yi)路”、打(da)擊“三股勢力”等諸多(duo)領域的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)要合(he)作(zuo)(zuo)伙伴(ban)。當前(qian),世界進入新(xin)的(de)(de)(de)動蕩變革期,世界和平(ping)與發(fa)展面臨嚴峻挑(tiao)戰。如何在新(xin)形勢下進一(yi)(yi)步推進中(zhong)國(guo)同(tong)中(zhong)亞(ya)國(guo)家關系,鞏(gong)固中(zhong)國(guo)同(tong)中(zhong)亞(ya)合(he)作(zuo)(zuo)的(de)(de)(de)成果,提(ti)升(sheng)機制(zhi)化水平(ping),是中(zhong)國(guo)外(wai)交(jiao)面臨的(de)(de)(de)重(zhong)(zhong)大課題(ti)之一(yi)(yi)。
2020年(nian)7月(yue),“中(zhong)國(guo)+中(zhong)亞五(wu)國(guo)”首次外長(chang)會(hui)晤(wu)以視(shi)頻(pin)方(fang)(fang)(fang)式舉(ju)行(xing),各(ge)(ge)方(fang)(fang)(fang)商定建立“中(zhong)國(guo)+中(zhong)亞五(wu)國(guo)”外長(chang)會(hui)晤(wu)機(ji)制,攜手應對(dui)(dui)挑(tiao)戰,描繪發展藍圖,共謀地區繁榮。2021年(nian)5月(yue)舉(ju)行(xing)的“中(zhong)國(guo)+中(zhong)亞五(wu)國(guo)”外長(chang)第二次會(hui)晤(wu)是新冠(guan)肺炎疫情期(qi)間中(zhong)方(fang)(fang)(fang)首次主辦的多邊外長(chang)會(hui)議,會(hui)晤(wu)達成多項(xiang)共識和(he)成果。在全(quan)球疫情肆虐時(shi)期(qi),六國(guo)外長(chang)依然風雨無阻舉(ju)行(xing)線下會(hui)晤(wu),體(ti)現各(ge)(ge)方(fang)(fang)(fang)對(dui)(dui)該機(ji)制的高度(du)重視(shi)和(he)堅定信心。
2022年(nian)1月,中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國和中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)亞五(wu)國舉辦建交30周年(nian)視頻峰(feng)會(hui)(hui)。六(liu)國元首共(gong)同宣布(bu)打(da)造中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國-中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)亞命運共(gong)同體,中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國同中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)亞合作(zuo)(zuo)機(ji)制(zhi)應運而生,雙方戰略互信邁上(shang)新臺(tai)階,中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)亞關系和地區合作(zuo)(zuo)發展呈現(xian)前所未有的勃(bo)勃(bo)生機(ji)。6月“中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國+中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)亞五(wu)國”外長第三次會(hui)(hui)晤(wu)期間,六(liu)國一致同意(yi)建立“中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國+中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)亞五(wu)國”元首會(hui)(hui)晤(wu)機(ji)制(zhi),加快打(da)造中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國-中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)亞命運共(gong)同體。
一、主要合作共識和倡議
1.成立中國(guo)—中亞元首會晤機制;
2.在重點優先合作領域成立部長級會晤機制;
3.研究成立(li)中國—中亞機制常(chang)設秘書(shu)處的可(ke)行性;
4.加強共建“一帶(dai)一路”倡議同中亞五國倡議和(he)發展(zhan)戰略對(dui)接;
5.挖掘中國—中亞電子商務合作對話機制(zhi)潛力;
6.推動貿(mao)易發展,促進貿(mao)易結構多元化(hua),簡化(hua)貿(mao)易程序;
7.制定(ding)中國—中亞新經(jing)濟對話戰略;
8.加快數字和綠色基礎(chu)設施聯通(tong);
9.研究建立綠色投(tou)資(zi)重點項目數據庫的可能(neng)性;
10.推動落實中(zhong)國—中(zhong)亞產業與投資合作青島倡議(yi);
11.升級中(zhong)國同中(zhong)亞國家投資協定;
12.逐步有序(xu)增(zeng)開民用客運(yun)、貨運(yun)航班;
13.研究中(zhong)國(guo)—中(zhong)亞合作商務(wu)旅行卡可行性(xing);
14.對現有口岸設施進行現代化改造;
15.實現邊境口岸農副產品快速通關“綠色通道”全覆蓋;
16.開(kai)展國際(ji)貿易“單一窗口(kou)”互聯互通、促進跨境通關便利化(hua);
17.推動中國(guo)—中亞交通走廊(lang)建設;
18.推進途經阿克套港(gang)(gang)(gang)、庫雷克港(gang)(gang)(gang)、土庫曼巴什港(gang)(gang)(gang)等海港(gang)(gang)(gang)的跨(kua)里海運(yun)輸線(xian)路多式聯(lian)運(yun)過境(jing)運(yun)輸,發揮鐵爾(er)梅(mei)茲(zi)市的過境(jing)運(yun)輸潛力(li);
19.推進(jin)中國—中亞(ya)鐵路(lu)運輸;
20.完善(shan)交通基礎設施(shi),包括新(xin)建(jian)和升級改造現有的中國至中亞鐵路和公路;
21.完成(cheng)中吉烏鐵(tie)(tie)路可研工作,推進該鐵(tie)(tie)路加快落地建設;
22.保障中吉烏(wu)公(gong)路(lu)暢通運行;
23.實(shi)現中(zhong)塔烏公路和“中(zhong)國西部(bu)-歐洲西部(bu)”公路常態化(hua)運(yun)營;
24.研究(jiu)制定從中亞(ya)國家往(wang)返東南亞(ya)和(he)亞(ya)洲其他國家最佳過境運輸方案的可能性;
25.增(zeng)加中(zhong)國進(jin)口(kou)中(zhong)亞農產(chan)品(pin)種類;
26.發(fa)展智(zhi)慧農業合作,加強節水(shui)、綠色和其他高效技(ji)術應用和先進經驗交流(liu);
27.推動在(zai)荒漠化土地和鹽堿地治理開發(fa)、節水灌溉、病蟲害防(fang)治、畜牧獸醫等領域開展技(ji)術(shu)與(yu)人才交流(liu)合(he)作;
28.在(zai)農業現(xian)代化、建立城鄉生產鏈等方面開展(zhan)經驗(yan)交(jiao)流,落實減貧措施;
29.加強(qiang)減(jian)貧(pin)合作,出臺有效社會幫(bang)扶(fu)政策,開展專家和(he)業務交(jiao)流;
30.建立中國(guo)—中亞能(neng)源發展(zhan)伙伴關系(xi);
31.保障中國(guo)—中亞天然(ran)氣管道穩定(ding)運營;
32.開展可再生能源領域合作;
33.發展(zhan)中國(guo)同中亞(ya)國(guo)家地區間合作,促進更多(duo)地方結好;
34.開展聯合考古、文化遺產保護修復、博物館交流、流失(shi)文物追索返還等合作(zuo);
35.中方邀(yao)請中亞五國參與實施“文化絲路(lu)”計劃(hua);
36.研究共同制定(ding)中國(guo)—中亞(ya)旅游(you)線路的可能性(xing);
37.推動建設中醫藥中心,開展草藥種植及加工合作,打造(zao)“健(jian)康絲綢之路”;
38.支持關于在聯合國主導下建立(li)國際生物(wu)安全多邊專門(men)機構(gou)的倡議(yi);
39.啟動(dong)中(zhong)國同中(zhong)亞(ya)國家人民文(wen)化藝術年(nian)暨中(zhong)國—中(zhong)亞(ya)青年(nian)藝術節(jie);
40.推動高校(xiao)和大(da)學(xue)生交(jiao)流,舉辦青(qing)年文化節、論壇和體育賽事;
41.各(ge)相關方將積(ji)極推動互(hu)設文化(hua)中心;
42.中國向中亞(ya)國家提供政(zheng)府獎學金(jin)名額,組織相關領域專業人才赴華進修;
43.推進“魯(lu)班工坊”職業教育發展;
44.拓(tuo)展人工智能、智慧城市、大數據、云計算等高新技術領(ling)域合作;
45.實(shi)施綠色措施,減(jian)緩氣(qi)候變化影響;
46.發起中國—中亞綠色(se)低碳發展行動,深化(hua)綠色(se)發展和應對氣候變(bian)化(hua)領(ling)域合(he)作(zuo);
47.加(jia)強應(ying)急管理部門協作,深化防災減(jian)災、安全(quan)生產、應(ying)急救(jiu)援以及地震科(ke)學技術等領域交流合作;
48.實施綠色技術領域的地區計劃(hua)和(he)項目(mu);
49.研究在聯合國毒(du)品和犯罪問題辦公室(shi)參與(yu)下(xia)制(zhi)定聯合禁毒(du)行動計劃的可能性;
50.組織(zhi)中(zhong)國(guo)和中(zhong)亞影(ying)視節目展(zhan)映(ying);
51.加強中國(guo)—中亞大眾傳媒(mei)交流合(he)作;
52.積(ji)極踐行全(quan)球發展倡(chang)議(yi)、全(quan)球安全(quan)倡(chang)議(yi)和全(quan)球文(wen)明倡(chang)議(yi);
53.落實(shi)中(zhong)國(guo)同(tong)中(zhong)亞(ya)五國(guo)視頻峰會共識路線圖(2022-2025年);
54.2025年(nian)在哈薩克(ke)斯坦舉辦第(di)二屆中國—中亞峰會。
二、中方倡議成立的多邊合作平臺
1.中國—中亞外(wai)長會(hui)晤(wu)機制(zhi);
2.中(zhong)國—中(zhong)亞經貿(mao)部長會(hui)議機(ji)制;
3.中國—中亞產業與投資部長(chang)級(ji)會晤(wu)機(ji)制;
4.中(zhong)國—中(zhong)亞農業部長(chang)會晤機制;
5.中國—中亞應急管(guan)理合(he)作機制;
6.中國—中亞交(jiao)通部長會(hui)晤機制;
7.中國—中亞教育部長會議機制;
8.中國—中亞能(neng)源合作機(ji)制;
9.中(zhong)國—中(zhong)亞海(hai)關署長會晤機(ji)制;
10.中國(guo)—中亞(ya)政黨對話會;
11.中(zhong)國(guo)—中(zhong)亞行政院(yuan)校合作網絡;
12.中國(guo)—中亞(ya)實(shi)業家委(wei)員會;
13.中國—中亞合作論壇;
14.中國—中亞地(di)方(fang)合(he)作(zuo)論壇;
15.中國—中亞產業與投資合作(zuo)論壇(tan);
16.中國—中亞智庫(ku)論壇;
17.中(zhong)國—中(zhong)亞電子商(shang)務(wu)合作(zuo)對(dui)話(hua)機制;
18.中(zhong)國—中(zhong)亞(ya)健康產業聯盟;
19.中(zhong)國(guo)—中(zhong)亞通訊社(she)論壇。
三、峰會框架內的多邊合作文件
1.《中國—中亞峰會西(xi)安宣言(yan)》;
2.《關于(yu)“中國—中亞五(wu)國”產業與投(tou)資合作(zuo)的諒解(jie)備忘錄》;
3.《“中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)—中(zhong)(zhong)亞(ya)五國(guo)”經貿部門(men)關于加強(qiang)經貿合作的諒解備忘錄》;
4.《“中國(guo)—中亞五國(guo)”經貿(mao)部門關于數字貿(mao)易領域(yu)合作的諒(liang)解備忘錄》;
5.《“中(zhong)國—中(zhong)亞五(wu)國”相關部門關于推動基(ji)礎設施(shi)和工(gong)程建(jian)設合(he)作(zuo)發展的(de)諒解備忘錄(lu)》;
6.《“中(zhong)國—中(zhong)亞五國”農業部長會議機制諒解備忘錄》;
7.《“中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)—中(zhong)(zhong)亞(ya)五國(guo)”海關署(shu)長(chang)會晤機制工(gong)作(zuo)章程》;
8.《“中國—中亞五國”合作機(ji)制下動植(zhi)物檢疫主管機(ji)構間關于進出境動植(zhi)物檢疫技術(shu)合作諒解備忘錄》;
9.《關于(yu)成立中國—中亞實業(ye)家委(wei)員(yuan)會的諒解備忘錄(lu)》。