中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)-中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)亞(ya)峰(feng)會(hui)(hui)(簡稱“中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)亞(ya)峰(feng)會(hui)(hui)”)是中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)與中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)亞(ya)五國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(哈薩克(ke)斯(si)坦、吉(ji)爾吉(ji)斯(si)斯(si)坦、塔吉(ji)克(ke)斯(si)坦、烏(wu)茲(zi)別(bie)克(ke)斯(si)坦和(he)土庫曼(man)斯(si)坦)建交(jiao)多年(nian)來,六國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)元(yuan)首首次(ci)以實體形式舉(ju)辦的(de)峰(feng)會(hui)(hui),在中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)同(tong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)亞(ya)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家關(guan)系發展史上具(ju)有里程碑意(yi)義,將中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)與中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)亞(ya)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家關(guan)系與合作推(tui)向新高度,為發展中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)與中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)亞(ya)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家的(de)關(guan)系進行(xing)了頂(ding)層設計,指明了發展方向,創(chuang)建了豐富的(de)合作機制。在首屆中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)亞(ya)峰(feng)會(hui)(hui)上,六國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)領(ling)導人共同(tong)簽署了《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)-中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)亞(ya)峰(feng)會(hui)(hui)西安(an)宣言(yan)》,并通過(guo)了《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)-中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)亞(ya)峰(feng)會(hui)(hui)成果清單》,并決(jue)定以舉(ju)辦這次(ci)峰(feng)會(hui)(hui)為契機,正式成立(li)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)—中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)亞(ya)元(yuan)首會(hui)(hui)晤機制,每兩年(nian)舉(ju)辦一次(ci),輪流在中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)和(he)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)亞(ya)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)家舉(ju)辦。
中亞五國(guo)(guo)是(shi)中國(guo)(guo)的友好鄰邦(bang),是(shi)共建“一(yi)帶一(yi)路”、打擊(ji)“三股勢力”等諸多領(ling)域的重要合作伙伴。當前,世(shi)(shi)界進入新(xin)(xin)的動蕩變革期,世(shi)(shi)界和平與發展面臨(lin)嚴(yan)峻(jun)挑戰。如(ru)何在新(xin)(xin)形勢下進一(yi)步推進中國(guo)(guo)同(tong)中亞國(guo)(guo)家(jia)關系(xi),鞏固中國(guo)(guo)同(tong)中亞合作的成果,提升機(ji)制化水平,是(shi)中國(guo)(guo)外交面臨(lin)的重大(da)課題之(zhi)一(yi)。
2020年7月,“中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)+中(zhong)(zhong)亞五(wu)(wu)國(guo)”首次(ci)外(wai)長(chang)(chang)(chang)會(hui)(hui)晤以視(shi)頻(pin)方(fang)式(shi)舉(ju)(ju)行(xing),各方(fang)商定建立“中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)+中(zhong)(zhong)亞五(wu)(wu)國(guo)”外(wai)長(chang)(chang)(chang)會(hui)(hui)晤機制,攜手應對挑戰,描(miao)繪發(fa)展藍圖(tu),共(gong)謀地區繁榮。2021年5月舉(ju)(ju)行(xing)的“中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)+中(zhong)(zhong)亞五(wu)(wu)國(guo)”外(wai)長(chang)(chang)(chang)第二次(ci)會(hui)(hui)晤是新冠肺炎疫(yi)情期(qi)間中(zhong)(zhong)方(fang)首次(ci)主辦(ban)的多邊(bian)外(wai)長(chang)(chang)(chang)會(hui)(hui)議,會(hui)(hui)晤達成(cheng)多項共(gong)識(shi)和成(cheng)果。在(zai)全(quan)球疫(yi)情肆虐時(shi)期(qi),六國(guo)外(wai)長(chang)(chang)(chang)依然風(feng)雨(yu)無阻舉(ju)(ju)行(xing)線下會(hui)(hui)晤,體現各方(fang)對該機制的高(gao)度重視(shi)和堅定信(xin)心。
2022年(nian)(nian)1月,中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)和(he)(he)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)亞(ya)五國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)舉辦建(jian)交30周年(nian)(nian)視頻峰(feng)會(hui)。六國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)元首(shou)共(gong)同宣布(bu)打(da)造中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)-中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)亞(ya)命(ming)運共(gong)同體,中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)同中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)亞(ya)合作(zuo)機(ji)制應(ying)運而生(sheng)(sheng),雙方戰略(lve)互信邁上新臺(tai)階(jie),中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)亞(ya)關系和(he)(he)地(di)區合作(zuo)發(fa)展(zhan)呈現前所未有的勃勃生(sheng)(sheng)機(ji)。6月“中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)+中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)亞(ya)五國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)”外長(chang)第三次會(hui)晤期間(jian),六國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)一致同意建(jian)立“中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)+中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)亞(ya)五國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)”元首(shou)會(hui)晤機(ji)制,加快(kuai)打(da)造中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)-中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)亞(ya)命(ming)運共(gong)同體。
一、主要合作共識和倡議
1.成立中(zhong)國—中(zhong)亞元首(shou)會晤機制(zhi);
2.在重點優先合作(zuo)領域成立部(bu)長(chang)級(ji)會(hui)晤機制(zhi);
3.研究成立中國—中亞機制常設秘書處的可行(xing)性;
4.加強共建“一帶一路(lu)”倡(chang)議同中亞(ya)五國倡(chang)議和發展戰略對接(jie);
5.挖掘(jue)中國—中亞電子商務合作對話(hua)機制潛力(li);
6.推動貿易(yi)發(fa)展(zhan),促進貿易(yi)結(jie)構多元(yuan)化(hua),簡化(hua)貿易(yi)程(cheng)序;
7.制定中(zhong)(zhong)國—中(zhong)(zhong)亞新(xin)經濟對話戰略;
8.加(jia)快數(shu)字和綠(lv)色基礎設施(shi)聯通;
9.研究建立(li)綠(lv)色投(tou)資重(zhong)點項目數(shu)據庫的(de)可(ke)能性;
10.推動落(luo)實中國—中亞產業與投資合作青(qing)島倡議;
11.升級中(zhong)國(guo)同中(zhong)亞國(guo)家投資協定;
12.逐步有(you)序(xu)增開民用客運、貨運航班;
13.研究中(zhong)國—中(zhong)亞(ya)合作商(shang)務(wu)旅(lv)行(xing)卡可行(xing)性;
14.對現有口岸設(she)施進行現代(dai)化改造;
15.實現(xian)邊境口岸農副(fu)產品快速通關(guan)“綠色通道”全覆蓋;
16.開(kai)展國(guo)際貿易“單一窗口”互(hu)聯互(hu)通(tong)、促進跨境通(tong)關便(bian)利化;
17.推動中國—中亞(ya)交(jiao)通走廊建設;
18.推進途經阿克(ke)(ke)套(tao)港(gang)、庫(ku)雷克(ke)(ke)港(gang)、土庫(ku)曼巴(ba)什港(gang)等海(hai)港(gang)的(de)跨里海(hai)運(yun)輸線路多(duo)式聯(lian)運(yun)過境(jing)(jing)運(yun)輸,發揮鐵爾梅茲市的(de)過境(jing)(jing)運(yun)輸潛(qian)力;
19.推(tui)進(jin)中國—中亞鐵路運輸;
20.完善交通(tong)基礎(chu)設(she)施,包括新建和(he)(he)升(sheng)級改造(zao)現有的(de)中國(guo)至(zhi)中亞鐵路(lu)和(he)(he)公路(lu);
21.完(wan)成中吉烏鐵路可研工作,推進該鐵路加(jia)快落地建設;
22.保(bao)障中吉烏公路暢通運行;
23.實現中(zhong)塔烏公路和“中(zhong)國西(xi)部(bu)-歐(ou)洲(zhou)西(xi)部(bu)”公路常態化運營;
24.研究制(zhi)定從中亞國(guo)家往(wang)返(fan)東南亞和亞洲其(qi)他國(guo)家最佳過(guo)境(jing)運(yun)輸方案(an)的(de)可能(neng)性;
25.增加中(zhong)國進(jin)口中(zhong)亞農產品(pin)種(zhong)類;
26.發(fa)展(zhan)智慧農(nong)業(ye)合作,加(jia)強節水、綠色(se)和其他高效技術應用和先進經驗交流;
27.推動在(zai)荒漠(mo)化土地(di)和鹽堿地(di)治(zhi)理開發、節水灌溉、病(bing)蟲(chong)害防(fang)治(zhi)、畜牧獸醫等領域開展技術與人才交流合(he)作;
28.在(zai)農業現(xian)代(dai)化、建立城鄉生產鏈等方面開展經驗交流(liu),落實減貧措施;
29.加強減(jian)貧合作,出臺有效(xiao)社會幫扶政策(ce),開展(zhan)專家和業務(wu)交(jiao)流(liu);
30.建立中(zhong)國(guo)—中(zhong)亞(ya)能源發展伙伴關系;
31.保障(zhang)中國—中亞(ya)天然(ran)氣管道穩定運營;
32.開展可(ke)再生能源領域合作;
33.發(fa)展中(zhong)國同中(zhong)亞國家地區間合作,促進更多地方結好;
34.開展聯合考古、文(wen)化遺產(chan)保護修(xiu)復、博物館(guan)交流、流失(shi)文(wen)物追(zhui)索返(fan)還等合作(zuo);
35.中方邀請中亞(ya)五國(guo)參與實施“文(wen)化絲路”計劃(hua);
36.研(yan)究共同制定中國(guo)—中亞旅游線(xian)路的可能性;
37.推動建設(she)中醫藥(yao)中心(xin),開展草(cao)藥(yao)種植及加工合作,打造“健康絲綢(chou)之路”;
38.支持關于在聯合(he)國主導下建立國際生物安全多邊專門機構的(de)倡議;
39.啟動中(zhong)國(guo)同(tong)中(zhong)亞(ya)國(guo)家(jia)人民(min)文化藝術年暨中(zhong)國(guo)—中(zhong)亞(ya)青年藝術節(jie);
40.推動高(gao)校和大學(xue)生交(jiao)流,舉辦青年文化節、論壇和體育賽事;
41.各相關(guan)方將積極推(tui)動(dong)互(hu)設文化(hua)中心;
42.中國向中亞(ya)國家提供政府(fu)獎學金(jin)名額,組織(zhi)相關領域專業(ye)人才赴華進修;
43.推進(jin)“魯(lu)班工坊”職業教育發展;
44.拓展人工智能、智慧城市、大數(shu)據、云計(ji)算等高新技術(shu)領域合作(zuo);
45.實施綠色措施,減緩氣候(hou)變化影響;
46.發起中國—中亞綠(lv)色(se)低碳發展行(xing)動,深(shen)化綠(lv)色(se)發展和(he)應對氣候變化領域(yu)合作;
47.加(jia)強(qiang)應急(ji)管理(li)部門協(xie)作,深化防災(zai)減災(zai)、安全生產、應急(ji)救援以及地(di)震科學技術等領域交流合作;
48.實施綠色技術領域的地區計劃(hua)和項(xiang)目;
49.研究(jiu)在聯合(he)國(guo)毒品和犯罪問題辦公室(shi)參與(yu)下制定聯合(he)禁毒行動計(ji)劃的可能性;
50.組織中(zhong)國(guo)和(he)中(zhong)亞影視節(jie)目(mu)展映;
51.加強中國—中亞大眾傳(chuan)媒(mei)交流(liu)合作;
52.積極踐行全(quan)球發(fa)展倡議、全(quan)球安(an)全(quan)倡議和全(quan)球文明倡議;
53.落實(shi)中國(guo)同中亞五國(guo)視頻峰會(hui)共識路線圖(2022-2025年);
54.2025年在(zai)哈薩克斯坦舉辦第(di)二屆中(zhong)國—中(zhong)亞峰會。
二、中方倡議成立的多邊合作平臺
1.中國—中亞外長會晤機制;
2.中國—中亞經(jing)貿部長會議機制;
3.中國—中亞產業與投資部長級會晤機制(zhi);
4.中國—中亞(ya)農(nong)業部長(chang)會晤(wu)機制;
5.中國—中亞應急管(guan)理合作(zuo)機制;
6.中國—中亞(ya)交通部長會晤機制(zhi);
7.中國—中亞(ya)教育部長會議機(ji)制(zhi);
8.中國—中亞能源合作機制;
9.中(zhong)國—中(zhong)亞海(hai)關署(shu)長會晤機(ji)制;
10.中國(guo)—中亞(ya)政黨對話會;
11.中國—中亞行政院校合作網絡;
12.中國(guo)—中亞實(shi)業家(jia)委(wei)員會;
13.中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)—中(zhong)(zhong)亞合作論壇;
14.中國—中亞地(di)方合作論壇;
15.中國(guo)—中亞產業(ye)與投資合(he)作論壇;
16.中(zhong)國—中(zhong)亞(ya)智庫(ku)論壇;
17.中國—中亞電子商務(wu)合作對話機制;
18.中(zhong)國—中(zhong)亞健(jian)康(kang)產業聯盟(meng);
19.中國—中亞通訊社論壇。
三、峰會框架內的多邊合作文件
1.《中(zhong)國—中(zhong)亞峰(feng)會西安宣言》;
2.《關于(yu)“中國—中亞五國”產業(ye)與投(tou)資合作的諒解備忘錄(lu)》;
3.《“中國—中亞五國”經貿部(bu)門關于加強經貿合作的(de)諒解備忘(wang)錄》;
4.《“中國—中亞五(wu)國”經貿(mao)部門(men)關于數(shu)字貿(mao)易領域合作的諒解備忘錄(lu)》;
5.《“中(zhong)國—中(zhong)亞(ya)五國”相(xiang)關部門關于(yu)推動基礎設施和工(gong)程建設合作(zuo)發(fa)展的諒解備(bei)忘錄》;
6.《“中國—中亞(ya)五國”農業部(bu)長會議(yi)機制(zhi)諒解備忘錄》;
7.《“中國—中亞(ya)五國”海(hai)關(guan)署長會晤(wu)機制工(gong)作章程》;
8.《“中國—中亞五國”合作機制下動植物檢疫主(zhu)管機構間關于進出境動植物檢疫技術合作諒解備忘(wang)錄》;
9.《關于成立中(zhong)國—中(zhong)亞實業家委員會的諒解(jie)備忘(wang)錄》。