中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)-中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)峰(feng)會(hui)(簡(jian)稱(cheng)“中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)峰(feng)會(hui)”)是中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)與中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)五國(guo)(guo)(guo)(哈薩(sa)克斯坦、吉爾吉斯斯坦、塔吉克斯坦、烏茲別克斯坦和土庫曼(man)斯坦)建交多年來,六國(guo)(guo)(guo)元(yuan)首(shou)首(shou)次(ci)以(yi)實體(ti)形式舉(ju)辦的峰(feng)會(hui),在中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)同(tong)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)關系發展史上具有里程(cheng)碑意義,將中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)與中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)關系與合作推向新高(gao)度,為發展中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)與中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)的關系進(jin)行(xing)了頂層設計,指明了發展方(fang)向,創建了豐富的合作機制。在首(shou)屆中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)峰(feng)會(hui)上,六國(guo)(guo)(guo)領導人共(gong)同(tong)簽署了《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)-中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)峰(feng)會(hui)西安宣言》,并通過了《中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)-中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)峰(feng)會(hui)成果清(qing)單》,并決(jue)定(ding)以(yi)舉(ju)辦這(zhe)次(ci)峰(feng)會(hui)為契機,正式成立中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)—中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)元(yuan)首(shou)會(hui)晤(wu)機制,每兩(liang)年舉(ju)辦一次(ci),輪(lun)流在中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)和中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)亞(ya)(ya)(ya)(ya)國(guo)(guo)(guo)家(jia)舉(ju)辦。
中亞五國是中國的(de)(de)友好鄰邦,是共(gong)建(jian)“一帶一路”、打擊“三股勢力”等諸(zhu)多領(ling)域的(de)(de)重要(yao)合作伙伴。當前,世(shi)界進(jin)入新的(de)(de)動蕩變革(ge)期(qi),世(shi)界和平與發展(zhan)面(mian)臨嚴(yan)峻挑(tiao)戰。如(ru)何在(zai)新形勢下進(jin)一步推進(jin)中國同中亞國家關系(xi),鞏固中國同中亞合作的(de)(de)成果,提升機制化水平,是中國外(wai)交(jiao)面(mian)臨的(de)(de)重大課題之一。
2020年(nian)7月,“中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)+中(zhong)亞五(wu)國(guo)(guo)”首次外(wai)長(chang)(chang)會(hui)(hui)(hui)晤(wu)以視頻方(fang)式舉(ju)行,各方(fang)商定建立(li)“中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)+中(zhong)亞五(wu)國(guo)(guo)”外(wai)長(chang)(chang)會(hui)(hui)(hui)晤(wu)機制,攜手(shou)應對(dui)挑戰(zhan),描繪發展藍圖,共謀(mou)地區繁(fan)榮(rong)。2021年(nian)5月舉(ju)行的(de)(de)“中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)+中(zhong)亞五(wu)國(guo)(guo)”外(wai)長(chang)(chang)第二次會(hui)(hui)(hui)晤(wu)是新冠肺炎疫情期(qi)間(jian)中(zhong)方(fang)首次主(zhu)辦的(de)(de)多(duo)邊外(wai)長(chang)(chang)會(hui)(hui)(hui)議(yi),會(hui)(hui)(hui)晤(wu)達成多(duo)項共識和成果。在全球疫情肆虐時期(qi),六國(guo)(guo)外(wai)長(chang)(chang)依然風雨無(wu)阻舉(ju)行線下會(hui)(hui)(hui)晤(wu),體(ti)現各方(fang)對(dui)該機制的(de)(de)高度重視和堅定信心。
2022年(nian)1月(yue),中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)和中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)亞(ya)五(wu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)舉辦建交30周年(nian)視頻(pin)峰會(hui)。六國(guo)(guo)(guo)元首共(gong)(gong)同宣布(bu)打造(zao)(zao)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)-中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)亞(ya)命(ming)運(yun)共(gong)(gong)同體,中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)同中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)亞(ya)合(he)作機制應運(yun)而生,雙方戰略互信邁(mai)上新(xin)臺階,中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)亞(ya)關(guan)系和地(di)區合(he)作發(fa)展呈(cheng)現前(qian)所未(wei)有的勃勃生機。6月(yue)“中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)+中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)亞(ya)五(wu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)”外(wai)長(chang)第(di)三(san)次會(hui)晤期間,六國(guo)(guo)(guo)一(yi)致同意建立“中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)+中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)亞(ya)五(wu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)”元首會(hui)晤機制,加快打造(zao)(zao)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)(guo)(guo)-中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)亞(ya)命(ming)運(yun)共(gong)(gong)同體。
一、主要合作共識和倡議
1.成(cheng)立中(zhong)國—中(zhong)亞元(yuan)首會晤機制;
2.在重點優先合作領域成(cheng)立部長級會(hui)晤機(ji)制;
3.研究成立中國—中亞機(ji)制常設秘書處(chu)的可行性(xing);
4.加強(qiang)共建“一(yi)帶一(yi)路(lu)”倡議同中亞五國(guo)倡議和發展戰略對接(jie);
5.挖掘中國—中亞(ya)電子商務合作對話(hua)機制潛力;
6.推動貿易發展(zhan),促進貿易結構多元化(hua),簡化(hua)貿易程序;
7.制定中國—中亞新經(jing)濟對話戰略(lve);
8.加(jia)快數字(zi)和綠色基礎設施聯通;
9.研究建立綠色投資重點項目數(shu)據庫的可能性;
10.推動落實中(zhong)國—中(zhong)亞產業與投資合作青島(dao)倡議;
11.升(sheng)級中(zhong)國同中(zhong)亞國家投資協定;
12.逐步有序(xu)增開民(min)用客(ke)運(yun)、貨運(yun)航(hang)班;
13.研究中(zhong)(zhong)國—中(zhong)(zhong)亞合作商務旅(lv)行卡可行性;
14.對現有口岸設施進行(xing)現代化改造;
15.實現邊(bian)境口(kou)岸農(nong)副產品快速(su)通(tong)關“綠(lv)色通(tong)道”全(quan)覆蓋;
16.開展國際(ji)貿易“單一(yi)窗口(kou)”互(hu)聯互(hu)通(tong)、促進跨境通(tong)關便利(li)化;
17.推動中國—中亞交通(tong)走廊(lang)建設;
18.推進(jin)途經阿(a)克套港、庫雷克港、土庫曼巴什港等海(hai)港的跨里海(hai)運輸(shu)線路多(duo)式聯運過境(jing)運輸(shu),發揮鐵爾(er)梅茲市(shi)的過境(jing)運輸(shu)潛力;
19.推進中(zhong)國—中(zhong)亞鐵路(lu)運輸;
20.完善交通(tong)基礎設施,包(bao)括新(xin)建和(he)升級(ji)改造現(xian)有的(de)中國至(zhi)中亞鐵路和(he)公路;
21.完成(cheng)中吉烏鐵(tie)路(lu)可研工(gong)作,推進該鐵(tie)路(lu)加快落地建設;
22.保障中吉烏公路暢通運行;
23.實(shi)現中(zhong)塔烏(wu)公路(lu)和“中(zhong)國西部-歐(ou)洲西部”公路(lu)常態化運營(ying);
24.研究制定從中(zhong)亞國(guo)家往返東(dong)南亞和亞洲其他國(guo)家最佳過境運輸方案的可能性;
25.增(zeng)加中(zhong)國進(jin)口中(zhong)亞農產品種類;
26.發展智慧農業合作,加(jia)強節水、綠色和其他(ta)高(gao)效技術應用和先進經驗(yan)交(jiao)流;
27.推動在(zai)荒漠化土地和鹽堿地治(zhi)(zhi)理開(kai)發、節水灌溉(gai)、病蟲害防治(zhi)(zhi)、畜牧獸醫等領域開(kai)展技術(shu)與人才交流(liu)合作;
28.在農業現(xian)代(dai)化(hua)、建立(li)城鄉生產鏈等方面(mian)開展經驗(yan)交流,落實(shi)減(jian)貧措施;
29.加強減貧(pin)合作,出臺(tai)有(you)效社會幫(bang)扶政(zheng)策(ce),開展專家(jia)和業務交流;
30.建立(li)中國—中亞能源(yuan)發展伙伴關系(xi);
31.保(bao)障中國(guo)—中亞天然氣(qi)管道穩定運營;
32.開展可再生能(neng)源領域合作;
33.發(fa)展中國(guo)同中亞國(guo)家地區間合作,促進更多地方(fang)結(jie)好(hao);
34.開展聯(lian)合(he)考古、文(wen)化遺產(chan)保護(hu)修復、博物(wu)(wu)館交流、流失文(wen)物(wu)(wu)追索返還等合(he)作;
35.中方(fang)邀請中亞(ya)五國參(can)與實(shi)施(shi)“文化絲路”計劃(hua);
36.研究共同制定中(zhong)國—中(zhong)亞旅游線路的(de)可能(neng)性;
37.推動建設中醫(yi)藥中心,開展草藥種植及加工合作,打造“健康絲綢之(zhi)路”;
38.支(zhi)持關(guan)于在聯合國主導下建立國際生物安全多邊專門機構的倡(chang)議;
39.啟(qi)動(dong)中國(guo)同(tong)中亞國(guo)家人民文化藝術年暨中國(guo)—中亞青年藝術節;
40.推(tui)動高校和大學生(sheng)交流,舉辦青年文(wen)化節、論壇和體育賽事;
41.各相(xiang)關方將積極推(tui)動互設文化中心(xin);
42.中國向中亞國家(jia)提供政府(fu)獎學(xue)金名額(e),組織相關領域專業人才赴華(hua)進(jin)修;
43.推進(jin)“魯班工坊”職業教(jiao)育發展;
44.拓展人工智(zhi)能、智(zhi)慧城市、大(da)數據(ju)、云(yun)計算等高新技術領域合(he)作;
45.實施(shi)綠(lv)色(se)措施(shi),減緩氣候變化(hua)影響(xiang);
46.發(fa)(fa)起中國—中亞(ya)綠色低(di)碳(tan)發(fa)(fa)展行(xing)動(dong),深化(hua)綠色發(fa)(fa)展和應對氣候變化(hua)領域合作;
47.加強應急管理部門協作(zuo)(zuo),深(shen)化防災減災、安全生產、應急救援以及地(di)震(zhen)科(ke)學技術等領域交流合作(zuo)(zuo);
48.實施綠色技術領域的地(di)區計劃和(he)項(xiang)目;
49.研(yan)究在(zai)聯合(he)國毒品和(he)犯罪問(wen)題辦公(gong)室(shi)參與下(xia)制定聯合(he)禁毒行動計(ji)劃的可能性;
50.組織中國(guo)和中亞(ya)影視節目展映;
51.加強中(zhong)(zhong)國—中(zhong)(zhong)亞大(da)眾(zhong)傳媒交流合(he)作;
52.積極踐行全(quan)(quan)球發展倡(chang)議(yi)(yi)、全(quan)(quan)球安全(quan)(quan)倡(chang)議(yi)(yi)和全(quan)(quan)球文明倡(chang)議(yi)(yi);
53.落實中國(guo)同中亞五國(guo)視頻峰(feng)會(hui)共識路線圖(tu)(2022-2025年);
54.2025年在哈薩克(ke)斯(si)坦舉辦第(di)二屆中國—中亞峰(feng)會。
二、中方倡議成立的多邊合作平臺
1.中(zhong)國—中(zhong)亞外(wai)長會晤機制;
2.中國—中亞經貿部長會議機制;
3.中國—中亞產業(ye)與投資部長級會晤機(ji)制(zhi);
4.中(zhong)國—中(zhong)亞農業部(bu)長會晤(wu)機(ji)制;
5.中國—中亞應急管理合作機(ji)制(zhi);
6.中國—中亞交通(tong)部長會(hui)晤(wu)機制;
7.中(zhong)(zhong)國(guo)—中(zhong)(zhong)亞教育部長會議機制(zhi);
8.中國—中亞能源合作機制;
9.中國—中亞海關署(shu)長會晤機制;
10.中國—中亞政黨對話會;
11.中國—中亞行政院校合(he)作網絡;
12.中國(guo)—中亞實業(ye)家委員會;
13.中(zhong)國—中(zhong)亞合作論壇;
14.中國—中亞地方合(he)作(zuo)論壇;
15.中(zhong)國—中(zhong)亞(ya)產業與投資合(he)作(zuo)論壇;
16.中(zhong)國—中(zhong)亞智庫論壇;
17.中國—中亞電子商務合作對話機制;
18.中國—中亞(ya)健(jian)康(kang)產業聯盟;
19.中(zhong)國—中(zhong)亞通訊社論壇(tan)。
三、峰會框架內的多邊合作文件
1.《中國—中亞峰會西(xi)安宣言》;
2.《關于“中國(guo)—中亞五國(guo)”產業與投資(zi)合作(zuo)的諒解備忘錄(lu)》;
3.《“中(zhong)國—中(zhong)亞五國”經貿部門關于加強經貿合作的諒(liang)解備忘錄》;
4.《“中國—中亞五國”經貿部門關于數字貿易領域合作的(de)諒解(jie)備忘錄》;
5.《“中國—中亞五國”相關部門(men)關于推(tui)動基礎設施和工程建設合作發展的(de)諒解備(bei)忘錄》;
6.《“中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)—中(zhong)亞五國(guo)(guo)”農業部(bu)長會議機制諒解備忘錄》;
7.《“中國(guo)—中亞五國(guo)”海關署長會晤機制工(gong)作章程》;
8.《“中(zhong)國—中(zhong)亞五國”合作機(ji)制(zhi)下動(dong)植(zhi)物檢疫主管機(ji)構(gou)間關于進出境動(dong)植(zhi)物檢疫技術合作諒解備忘錄》;
9.《關于(yu)成立中國—中亞(ya)實(shi)業家(jia)委員會的諒解備忘錄(lu)》。