張(zhang)(zhang)旭(xu)的(de)《草書心(xin)經(jing)(jing)(jing)》最早見于(yu)《碑(bei)刻拔(ba)萃》,其《唐草心(xin)經(jing)(jing)(jing)》碑(bei)目下(xia)寫(xie)明(ming)張(zhang)(zhang)旭(xu),此(ci)前(qian)碑(bei)林(lin)(lin)中(zhong)有明(ming)成化年(nian)(nian)(nian)間(jian)知府孫仁從(cong)百塔(ta)寺移來的(de)《草書心(xin)經(jing)(jing)(jing)》,《關中(zhong)金石(shi)文(wen)字存逸考(kao)》對這兩(liang)種草書“心(xin)經(jing)(jing)(jing)”都(dou)錄,其“心(xin)經(jing)(jing)(jing)、肚痛帖、千(qian)文(wen)斷碑(bei)”條下(xia)注“均(jun)張(zhang)(zhang)旭(xu)草書,無年(nian)(nian)(nian)月”,并(bing)稱“右(you)三(san)石(shi)均(jun)在(zai)西安碑(bei)林(lin)(lin)”。張(zhang)(zhang)旭(xu)的(de)《草書心(xin)經(jing)(jing)(jing)》最晚見于(yu)民國三(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(1914年(nian)(nian)(nian))《碑(bei)林(lin)(lin)碑(bei)目表》,但此(ci)后便下(xia)落不明(ming)了。
觀自(zi)在菩薩,行深(shen)般若(ruo)(ruo)波羅(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)蜜(mi)多(duo)時,照見五蘊皆空,度一切苦(ku)厄。舍(she)(she)利子,色(se)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)異空,空不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)異色(se),色(se)即是(shi)(shi)(shi)空,空即是(shi)(shi)(shi)色(se),受想(xiang)行識,亦(yi)(yi)(yi)復如是(shi)(shi)(shi)。舍(she)(she)利子,是(shi)(shi)(shi)諸(zhu)法(fa)空相,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)生(sheng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)滅(mie),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)垢(gou)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)凈(jing),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)增不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)減。是(shi)(shi)(shi)故(gu)(gu)(gu)空中無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)色(se),無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)受想(xiang)行識,無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)眼耳鼻舌(she)身意,無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)色(se)聲香味(wei)觸法(fa),無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)眼界(jie),乃至無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)意識界(jie),無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)明(ming),亦(yi)(yi)(yi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)明(ming)盡,乃至無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)老死,亦(yi)(yi)(yi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)老死盡。無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)苦(ku)集(ji)滅(mie)道,無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)智亦(yi)(yi)(yi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)得(de)。以無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)所得(de)故(gu)(gu)(gu)。菩提薩埵,依般若(ruo)(ruo)波羅(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)蜜(mi)多(duo)故(gu)(gu)(gu),心(xin)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)掛礙。無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)掛礙故(gu)(gu)(gu),無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)有恐(kong)怖,遠離顛倒夢想(xiang),究竟涅盤。三世諸(zhu)佛,依般若(ruo)(ruo)波羅(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)蜜(mi)多(duo)故(gu)(gu)(gu),得(de)阿耨多(duo)羅(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)三藐三菩提。故(gu)(gu)(gu)知(zhi)般若(ruo)(ruo)波羅(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)蜜(mi)多(duo),是(shi)(shi)(shi)大神咒,是(shi)(shi)(shi)大明(ming)咒,是(shi)(shi)(shi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)上咒,是(shi)(shi)(shi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)等等咒,能(neng)除(chu)一切苦(ku),真實不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)虛。故(gu)(gu)(gu)說般若(ruo)(ruo)波羅(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)蜜(mi)多(duo)咒,即說咒曰:揭諦揭諦,波羅(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)揭諦,波羅(luo)(luo)(luo)(luo)僧揭諦,菩提薩婆訶。
凡人(ren)要度苦厄,了生死,成大(da)覺,非從自心下(xia)手不(bu)(bu)可(ke)。但要明(ming)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)自心,只依這(zhe)二百(bai)六十(shi)個字(zi),已經夠了。但空(kong)的(de)(de)道理不(bu)(bu)明(ming)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai),自心的(de)(de)相貌也難徹了。這(zhe)個經,最主(zhu)要是(shi)(shi)說性空(kong)的(de)(de)道理,不(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)世(shi)人(ren)所說的(de)(de)空(kong),那是(shi)(shi)斷(duan)滅空(kong),他們(men)誤解佛法是(shi)(shi)消極自了的(de)(de)。今(jin)把此經判(pan)分七段,用白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)話來逐字(zi)逐句解釋,使世(shi)人(ren)明(ming)白(bai)(bai)(bai)(bai)空(kong)的(de)(de)真義,不(bu)(bu)至誤會造業。由此斷(duan)一(yi)切苦厄,并可(ke)發(fa)大(da)悲平(ping)等心救世(shi),證(zheng)明(ming)佛法在社(she)會上的(de)(de)大(da)用,實是(shi)(shi)開(kai)發(fa)世(shi)界大(da)同唯一(yi)的(de)(de)法寶(bao)。
【般若】這(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)梵文,我國名為大智(zhi)慧(hui)。因為中(zhong)國文字(zi)難盡其(qi)義,所以(yi)仍用原文,并且尊重這(zhe)(zhe)幾個(ge)字(zi),所以(yi)不(bu)譯。這(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)般若,全(quan)是(shi)說心(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)妙用。上自(zi)佛(fo)(fo)(fo),下至眾(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng),無(wu)不(bu)由此而(er)(er)成佛(fo)(fo)(fo)道,了(le)生(sheng)(sheng)死,度苦厄。論(lun)其(qi)性體,是(shi)不(bu)生(sheng)(sheng)不(bu)滅的(de)(de)(de)金(jin)剛;論(lun)其(qi)相貌,卻是(shi)無(wu)形無(wu)狀(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)實(shi)相;論(lun)其(qi)妙用,乃是(shi)不(bu)可測(ce)知的(de)(de)(de)圓(yuan)通神妙。這(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)般若,是(shi)人(ren)人(ren)有(you)分(fen)的(de)(de)(de),佛(fo)(fo)(fo)和眾(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)都是(shi)平等(deng)的(de)(de)(de);不(bu)過佛(fo)(fo)(fo)是(shi)開(kai)了(le)般若慧(hui),眾(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)是(shi)有(you)而(er)(er)不(bu)開(kai),被無(wu)明所蒙住了(le)。至于般若兩個(ge)字(zi),解釋卻有(you)許多字(zi),當(dang)云“通達世(shi)間法(fa)(fa)(fa)出(chu)世(shi)間法(fa)(fa)(fa),融通無(wu)礙,恰到(dao)好(hao)處(chu),而(er)(er)又不(bu)執(zhi)取諸法(fa)(fa)(fa)的(de)(de)(de)大智(zhi)慧(hui)。”才能盡其(qi)義。因為世(shi)間法(fa)(fa)(fa)人(ren)事等(deng)等(deng),都是(shi)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)法(fa)(fa)(fa)。佛(fo)(fo)(fo)是(shi)覺(jue)(jue)義,能覺(jue)(jue)悟世(shi)上一切人(ren)情世(shi)故。盡了(le)人(ren)道,才可成佛(fo)(fo)(fo)。總之,入(ru)世(shi)出(chu)世(shi),只是(shi)一心(xin)(xin)(xin),顛倒煩(fan)惱,貪嗔(chen)癡迷,是(shi)六道眾(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)心(xin)(xin)(xin);如能空凈(jing)自(zi)在,不(bu)固執(zhi),便是(shi)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)菩薩的(de)(de)(de)心(xin)(xin)(xin)。所以(yi)離世(shi)法(fa)(fa)(fa),便沒有(you)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)法(fa)(fa)(fa);離了(le)般若,只有(you)作(zuo)孽受苦厄的(de)(de)(de)分(fen)了(le)。
【波羅】此(ci)言彼(bi)岸(an);因(yin)為有個度字,所以假定(ding)一(yi)條生死河,眾生在苦(ku)惱的此(ci)岸(an),要度過到清(qing)凈的彼(bi)岸(an),用(yong)來(lai)比喻,不是真有此(ci)岸(an)彼(bi)岸(an)。
【蜜】是到的意思,是到了(le)果(guo)位(wei)(wei)了(le)。果(guo)位(wei)(wei)是究竟涅盤(pan),涅盤(pan)就是清凈。
【多】是(shi)(shi)(shi)上面的(de)(de)意思。到彼(bi)岸(an)之上,才是(shi)(shi)(shi)究竟。現在假分五步(bu)(bu):第一(yi)步(bu)(bu)在此岸(an);第二(er)步(bu)(bu)入流(liu)(liu),是(shi)(shi)(shi)下(xia)了(le)(le)(le)(le)渡船(chuan)了(le)(le)(le)(le),是(shi)(shi)(shi)初(chu)發(fa)心(xin)的(de)(de)人(ren),亦(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)初(chu)果羅漢(han);第三(san)步(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)中流(liu)(liu),船(chuan)在河(he)中間,如聲聞緣覺;第四(si)步(bu)(bu)到了(le)(le)(le)(le)彼(bi)岸(an),是(shi)(shi)(shi)十地以(yi)下(xia)的(de)(de)菩薩,終不(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)究竟;必第五步(bu)(bu)上岸(an),“多”舍去(qu)了(le)(le)(le)(le)船(chuan),即(ji)是(shi)(shi)(shi)舍去(qu)了(le)(le)(le)(le)法(fa)見,掃除了(le)(le)(le)(le)執心(xin),斯是(shi)(shi)(shi)了(le)(le)(le)(le)無掛礙的(de)(de)等覺菩薩和佛。
【心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)】心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)什(shen)么(me)(me)?是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)個影子(zi),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)說(shuo)(shuo)有(you)(you)(you),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)說(shuo)(shuo)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu):所以(yi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)形段,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)過是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)六根(眼、耳、鼻、舌(she)、身、意)和(he)六塵(色、聲、香(xiang)、味、觸、法(fa)(fa))相對(dui)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)了(le)(le)認識(shi)(shi),叫做六識(shi)(shi)(眼識(shi)(shi)、耳識(shi)(shi)、鼻識(shi)(shi)、舌(she)識(shi)(shi)、身識(shi)(shi)、意識(shi)(shi)),所以(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)集起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)。就是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)同外境集合而緣(yuan)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)幻(huan)(huan)影,即(ji)(ji)名幻(huan)(huan)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin);心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)中起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)道(dao)理,叫做幻(huan)(huan)法(fa)(fa);執住個幻(huan)(huan)我(wo)成(cheng)個幻(huan)(huan)見,于是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)成(cheng)熟(shu)了(le)(le),就有(you)(you)(you)六道(dao)生(sheng)死(si)(si)。但造成(cheng)這個生(sheng)死(si)(si)的(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)幻(huan)(huan)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin),要(yao)開般若智(zhi)慧了(le)(le)脫生(sheng)死(si)(si)的(de),還(huan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)要(yao)用(yong)(yong)這幻(huan)(huan)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin);成(cheng)到(dao)佛(涅(nie)盤(pan)),也(ye)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)這幻(huan)(huan)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin),你既(ji)然知(zhi)道(dao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)幻(huan)(huan)的(de),那么(me)(me)就有(you)(you)(you)幻(huan)(huan)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)造成(cheng)幻(huan)(huan)法(fa)(fa),一切人(ren)(ren)事等(deng)等(deng),六道(dao)生(sheng)死(si)(si)涅(nie)盤(pan),還(huan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一樣(yang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)幻(huan)(huan)的(de)?由此(ci)可覺(jue)本(ben)(ben)來沒(mei)有(you)(you)(you)生(sheng)死(si)(si),都是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)冤(yuan)枉造作(zuo)。既(ji)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)生(sheng)死(si)(si),就用(yong)(yong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)著涅(nie)盤(pan)了(le)(le),所以(yi)說(shuo)(shuo)諸法(fa)(fa)空(kong)相,涅(nie)盤(pan)生(sheng)死(si)(si)等(deng)空(kong)華,即(ji)(ji)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)此(ci)意。但又為什(shen)么(me)(me)分(fen)(fen)真心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)妄心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)呢(ni)(ni)?這是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得已而替初學的(de)人(ren)(ren)說(shuo)(shuo),其實心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin),根本(ben)(ben)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)有(you)(you)(you),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可得,又分(fen)(fen)什(shen)么(me)(me)真和(he)妄呢(ni)(ni)?不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)過幻(huan)(huan)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)除,人(ren)(ren)事上一切的(de)幻(huan)(huan)用(yong)(yong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)廢,所以(yi)權分(fen)(fen)真心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)妄心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)。真心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)之心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin),何以(yi)叫無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)之心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)呢(ni)(ni)?即(ji)(ji)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)念時,而見聞(wen)覺(jue)知(zhi)仍舊了(le)(le)了(le)(le),卻(que)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)分(fen)(fen)別,寂然不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)動的(de),此(ci)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)真心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin);如一起(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)了(le)(le)念,分(fen)(fen)別人(ren)(ren)事,而可以(yi)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)顛倒,亦不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)逐境流浪,頓(dun)然歸到(dao)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)本(ben)(ben)位,此(ci)還(huan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)真心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)。至于念念流浪,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)覺(jue)漸(jian)漸(jian)入(ru)了(le)(le)迷(mi)途,此(ci)名妄心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin),但本(ben)(ben)體(ti)勿失的(de)。這部心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)經(jing),就教你凜覺(jue)的(de)法(fa)(fa)子(zi),用(yong)(yong)智(zhi)慧觀(guan)照什(shen)么(me)(me)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)?什(shen)么(me)(me)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)苦厄(e)?又如何回歸到(dao)清凈寂滅無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)之心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)本(ben)(ben)位?所以(yi)名為般若波羅蜜(mi)多心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)經(jing)。
【經(jing)】有(you)許多意思(si):如“路(lu)(lu)”,指(zhi)示我(wo)們回復真心之(zhi)路(lu)(lu)的;“法”,一切(qie)方(fang)法;“貫”,貫通前后的義理;“契”,契合各人的機,各事的理,有(you)這幾種解釋。現在二百(bai)六十個字,是(shi)(shi)文(wen)字般若(ruo)(ruo),指(zhi)示我(wo)們觀(guan)照般若(ruo)(ruo)的方(fang)法;照此去做,實證實相(xiang)般若(ruo)(ruo)的究(jiu)竟,總不出眾生心行中事,所(suo)以經(jing)是(shi)(shi)完全指(zhi)我(wo)們自(zi)身而說(shuo)的。
此經共有(you)七個(ge)翻譯(yi),這是(shi)(shi)(shi)唐朝三藏(zang)大師玄(xuan)奘所譯(yi),文(wen)(wen)是(shi)(shi)(shi)簡單的(de)(de)(de),義是(shi)(shi)(shi)深(shen)奧的(de)(de)(de)。雖有(you)七譯(yi),意(yi)義是(shi)(shi)(shi)一樣的(de)(de)(de)。讀經當重意(yi)義,不(bu)可(ke)徒在文(wen)(wen)字(zi)(zi)上(shang)死執。此經是(shi)(shi)(shi)替大乘菩(pu)薩(sa)登佛位說的(de)(de)(de),表至(zhi)高無(wu)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)佛境(jing),意(yi)境(jing)只有(you)自(zi)己曉得,說不(bu)出的(de)(de)(de),所以叫做無(wu)字(zi)(zi)真經。并不(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)真的(de)(de)(de)無(wu)字(zi)(zi),愿學(xue)人(ren)自(zi)己領會自(zi)己的(de)(de)(de)境(jing)界,到了(le)如何(he)地(di)位;至(zhi)于佛的(de)(de)(de)境(jing)界,卻不(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)二乘人(ren)或十地(di)以下的(de)(de)(de)菩(pu)薩(sa)可(ke)以測知(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)。我(wo)們東土人(ren),大乘根(gen)器(qi)多而厚(hou),所以不(bu)論男的(de)(de)(de)女的(de)(de)(de),識字(zi)(zi)不(bu)識字(zi)(zi),都喜歡(huan)讀這個(ge)經;譬如人(ren)聞香,個(ge)個(ge)人(ren)知(zhi)道香味(wei)好,但多半(ban)不(bu)知(zhi)道是(shi)(shi)(shi)什么(me)香;而受薰是(shi)(shi)(shi)平等的(de)(de)(de),所以不(bu)可(ke)思議。以上(shang)釋題竟(jing)。
【觀】定下了(le)心,運想那個道理叫做(zuo)觀。這個觀,是(shi)已證(zheng)到果地(di)圓(yuan)成的(de)(de)妙觀,不是(shi)因地(di)初修作(zuo)觀的(de)(de)觀,是(shi)大自(zi)在觀,般若(ruo)的(de)(de)大機大用已經啟發,心無能觀,亦無所觀,是(shi)能所雙忘的(de)(de)妙觀。
【自(zi)(zi)在(zai)(zai)】是(shi)無可(ke)無不(bu)可(ke)的自(zi)(zi)在(zai)(zai),不(bu)是(shi)自(zi)(zi)由(you)。自(zi)(zi)由(you)是(shi)不(bu)肯受拘束的,但環(huan)境不(bu)如(ru)你的意思,便苦了。獨有自(zi)(zi)在(zai)(zai),是(shi)到(dao)處能安,自(zi)(zi)然(ran)地不(bu)受環(huan)境所困,一切(qie)好壞隨緣;樂亦不(bu)喜,苦亦不(bu)惱,知道他是(shi)本來空,自(zi)(zi)己有主宰的。這個自(zi)(zi)在(zai)(zai),是(shi)指大自(zi)(zi)在(zai)(zai)。
【菩(pu)(pu)薩(sa)(sa)】是(shi)菩(pu)(pu)提(ti)薩(sa)(sa)埵的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)簡(jian)稱,能(neng)自己(ji)覺(jue)(jue)悟(wu),再能(neng)覺(jue)(jue)悟(wu)人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)謂之菩(pu)(pu)薩(sa)(sa);所以是(shi)人(ren)天的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)導師,為三(san)界(jie)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)善(shan)知識。三(san)界(jie)是(shi):(一)欲界(jie),由人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一部分下至五道;(二)色界(jie),指天道;(三(san))無色界(jie),指禪天;總是(shi)在(zai)六道中。菩(pu)(pu)薩(sa)(sa)分在(zai)家,出家,地(di)前(qian),登地(di),十(shi)地(di)等(deng)覺(jue)(jue),最(zui)高是(shi)一生補(bu)處菩(pu)(pu)薩(sa)(sa),就是(shi)佛(fo)退(tui)位(wei)后,他來接(jie)位(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),如(ru)此(ci)土的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)彌勒(le)佛(fo),西(xi)方的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)觀世音(yin)大士。這個菩(pu)(pu)薩(sa)(sa),是(shi)指十(shi)地(di)等(deng)覺(jue)(jue)將登佛(fo)位(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大自在(zai)菩(pu)(pu)薩(sa)(sa)。
【行(xing)(xing)】心行(xing)(xing),心中起種種妙觀妙行(xing)(xing)的大(da)用(yong),作種種自利利他二事業。
【深】不是深淺的(de)深,是不可測量的(de)意(yi)思,圓遍廣大,究竟無(wu)上的(de)妙行。
【般若波羅(luo)蜜多】上面已經解釋過了,就說菩薩的功行,已到究竟地,登(deng)彼岸之上了。
【時(shi)】這時(shi)字(zi)關(guan)系甚大,顯(xian)明到了這個(ge)境(jing)(jing)界的(de)(de)時(shi)候(hou),正是果位(wei)的(de)(de)時(shi)候(hou),已經斷除(chu)一切(qie)煩惱,度(du)盡苦厄,沒有掛礙的(de)(de)了。在下(xia)兩句“照見五蘊皆空,度(du)一切(qie)苦厄”之后的(de)(de)意境(jing)(jing),點明大自(zi)在的(de)(de)光景,不可(ke)草(cao)草(cao)。
【照見】朗然覺照,徹見無(wu)余的意思,是無(wu)功(gong)(gong)用的功(gong)(gong)用,毫不著意的覺照,心神會(hui)通的了。
【五(wu)(wu)蘊】指色(se)(se)、受、想、行(xing)、識(shi)(shi),這(zhe)(zhe)五(wu)(wu)事蘊結不分(fen),叫做五(wu)(wu)蘊。此言心和(he)外(wai)(wai)境相(xiang)蘊合,統名曰色(se)(se)。一(yi)個(ge)色(se)(se)字,包括(kuo)五(wu)(wu)個(ge)字在(zai)內,并且包括(kuo)外(wai)(wai)面一(yi)切一(yi)切有相(xiang)相(xiang)形形色(se)(se)色(se)(se),內面無相(xiang)相(xiang)思想方(fang)面都在(zai)內。外(wai)(wai)境原是(shi)(shi)色(se)(se),而(er)我(wo)的(de)眼、耳、鼻(bi)、舌、身(shen)、意也是(shi)(shi)色(se)(se);外(wai)(wai)色(se)(se)和(he)內色(se)(se)接觸了(le)(le)(le),就有個(ge)受;既受了(le)(le)(le),就要去想象(xiang)他,這(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)(shi)想;想到了(le)(le)(le),心中一(yi)行(xing)轉念(nian),這(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)(shi)行(xing);轉出那知識(shi)(shi)來,就是(shi)(shi)識(shi)(shi);所以受想行(xing)識(shi)(shi)四(si)個(ge)也還是(shi)(shi)色(se)(se),總(zong)是(shi)(shi)幻心幻起的(de)作用,成就種(zhong)(zhong)種(zhong)(zhong)的(de)幻法。這(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)五(wu)(wu)蘊,是(shi)(shi)眾生造孽(nie)受苦成立六(liu)道生死(si)的(de)資本,但也是(shi)(shi)開般若(ruo),除習氣,度苦厄,了(le)(le)(le)生死(si)的(de)工
具,也就是(shi)佛菩薩(sa)(sa)成(cheng)大(da)覺度(du)眾生(sheng)的工具。同要用(yong)五蘊,只是(shi)佛菩薩(sa)(sa)能照見(jian)本空(kong)(kong),可以善用(yong),不(bu)被所(suo)轉,眾生(sheng)反被所(suo)縛;是(shi)在覺不(bu)覺,明(ming)空(kong)(kong)不(bu)明(ming)空(kong)(kong)之(zhi)別,不(bu)要指定(ding)為(wei)不(bu)好的東西,反生(sheng)了偏(pian)見(jian)。
【皆】統統包(bao)盡無(wu)余,就是(shi)一切的意思。不但人(ren)空(kong)(kong),法(fa)亦(yi)空(kong)(kong),連照見亦(yi)空(kong)(kong),因為照見亦(yi)是(shi)五蘊,所(suo)以稱皆。
【空(kong)(kong)(kong)】世上的(de)人(ren),往往不(bu)明白空(kong)(kong)(kong)的(de)道理,籠統說:空(kong)(kong)(kong)就(jiu)是(shi)沒(mei)有(you)(you)了。不(bu)知(zhi)“空(kong)(kong)(kong)”有(you)(you)空(kong)(kong)(kong)間、虛空(kong)(kong)(kong)、空(kong)(kong)(kong)相(xiang)(xiang)、空(kong)(kong)(kong)義種種的(de)分別。今分為兩種:一空(kong)(kong)(kong)相(xiang)(xiang),是(shi)有(you)(you)相(xiang)(xiang)的(de),如空(kong)(kong)(kong)屋,人(ren)滿(man)了,空(kong)(kong)(kong)相(xiang)(xiang)破了,所以(yi)“有(you)(you)”與(yu)“空(kong)(kong)(kong)”是(shi)相(xiang)(xiang)對的(de),這就(jiu)是(shi)世人(ren)說的(de)沒(mei)有(you)(you)就(jiu)是(shi)空(kong)(kong)(kong)了。經上另有(you)(you)十八空(kong)(kong)(kong)義,不(bu)必盡(jin)說。
至(zhi)于(yu)佛經上(shang)(shang)所說(shuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)”,是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)義,是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)性(xing)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)本(ben)來空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)與一(yi)(yi)(yi)切(qie)(qie)(qie)萬有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)相(xiang)(xiang)和(he)合的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),不(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)相(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),不(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)沒有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)而(er)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。要(yao)明白這(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意(yi)義,先得(de)(de)(de)明白幾點:所謂宇宙間一(yi)(yi)(yi)切(qie)(qie)(qie)形(xing)形(xing)色(se)(se)(se)色(se)(se)(se),山河大(da)地,日月(yue)星辰,下至(zhi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)切(qie)(qie)(qie)用物(wu)(wu)(wu)、植物(wu)(wu)(wu)、動(dong)物(wu)(wu)(wu)和(he)我(wo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)身體(ti),都(dou)(dou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)相(xiang)(xiang)相(xiang)(xiang);還(huan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)我(wo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)思(si)想、道理(li)、人事(shi)、人情、喜怒哀樂,都(dou)(dou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)無(wu)相(xiang)(xiang)相(xiang)(xiang);一(yi)(yi)(yi)切(qie)(qie)(qie)包(bao)括在內,總名曰色(se)(se)(se),在因(yin)地上(shang)(shang)總是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。因(yin)為以(yi)(yi)上(shang)(shang)一(yi)(yi)(yi)切(qie)(qie)(qie)色(se)(se)(se),尋(xun)不(bu)出一(yi)(yi)(yi)件(jian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)獨立自(zi)性(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。第(di)一(yi)(yi)(yi)說(shuo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)相(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de):拿布(bu)來比,布(bu)沒有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)獨立自(zi)性(xing),變(bian)成(cheng)(cheng)為布(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),須(xu)依于(yu)紗(sha)線而(er)成(cheng)(cheng);紗(sha)線不(bu)能(neng)自(zi)為紗(sha)線,必待棉(mian)(mian)花;棉(mian)(mian)花不(bu)能(neng)自(zi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you),必由(you)種子(zi);種子(zi)不(bu)能(neng)自(zi)種,必賴人工天時地肥等(deng)等(deng)。不(bu)必分(fen)(fen)析開(kai)(kai)來才(cai)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong),在未成(cheng)(cheng)布(bu)成(cheng)(cheng)紗(sha)前(qian),及正有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)布(bu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)紗(sha)時,他的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)本(ben)身是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)由(you)眾緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)和(he)合而(er)成(cheng)(cheng);因(yin)為是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)因(yin)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)生,所以(yi)(yi)無(wu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)實(shi)體(ti),求其究(jiu)竟相(xiang)(xiang),畢竟不(bu)可(ke)(ke)得(de)(de)(de),身體(ti)亦(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)如此(ci)。所以(yi)(yi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)切(qie)(qie)(qie)一(yi)(yi)(yi)切(qie)(qie)(qie),無(wu)自(zi)性(xing),無(wu)實(shi)體(ti),因(yin)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)生,不(bu)可(ke)(ke)得(de)(de)(de)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),所以(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)性(xing)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)。第(di)二(er)說(shuo)無(wu)相(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de):拿心(xin)來說(shuo),心(xin)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)什么?根本(ben)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you),但(dan)只集(ji)起的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)心(xin)。譬如夏天涼(liang)爽的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)席上(shang)(shang),人睡得(de)(de)(de)甜(tian)美之(zhi)極,這(zhe)(zhe)時候(hou)便(bian)沒有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)我(wo),沒有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)心(xin);忽然蚊蟲(chong)咬了一(yi)(yi)(yi)口覺得(de)(de)(de)了,這(zhe)(zhe)覺得(de)(de)(de)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)便(bian)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)蚊蟲(chong)和(he)我(wo)集(ji)合而(er)起的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)心(xin)。此(ci)外一(yi)(yi)(yi)切(qie)(qie)(qie)都(dou)(dou)同(tong)此(ci)理(li),所以(yi)(yi)心(xin)也是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)無(wu)自(zi)性(xing),因(yin)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)生,無(wu)實(shi)體(ti),不(bu)可(ke)(ke)得(de)(de)(de)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),所以(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)性(xing)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)。因(yin)此(ci)物(wu)(wu)(wu)和(he)心(xin),無(wu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)不(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)。但(dan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)而(er)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)幻有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),這(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)性(xing)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong),和(he)一(yi)(yi)(yi)切(qie)(qie)(qie)一(yi)(yi)(yi)切(qie)(qie)(qie)分(fen)(fen)不(bu)開(kai)(kai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de);不(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)心(xin)物(wu)(wu)(wu)之(zhi)外另有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)個(ge)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong),也不(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)這(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong),那個(ge)不(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。所以(yi)(yi)說(shuo)到色(se)(se)(se),即不(bu)能(neng)離開(kai)(kai)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong);說(shuo)到空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong),就不(bu)能(neng)離開(kai)(kai)一(yi)(yi)(yi)切(qie)(qie)(qie)色(se)(se)(se)。但(dan)要(yao)認(ren)明卻是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)生幻有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you),又(you)須(xu)切(qie)(qie)(qie)實(shi)知道這(zhe)(zhe)個(ge)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)因(yin)地本(ben)來空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)性(xing)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong),非眼耳可(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)見(jian)聞(wen),其義實(shi)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)。
既(ji)決定(ding)知道(dao)一切(qie)一切(qie)是本(ben)(ben)空(kong)(kong)而(er)幻有,那(nei)又何(he)(he)必執(zhi)取(qu)當他(ta)是實呢!但世上(shang)(shang)一切(qie)人(ren)事,如(ru)何(he)(he)可廢,我仍隨緣應付;不是麻木(mu)無心(xin),只是勿(wu)住,行云流水(shui)的到處自(zi)在(zai),這(zhe)才是真心(xin)空(kong)(kong)。佛說空(kong)(kong)是這(zhe)個道(dao)理,世上(shang)(shang)盲目(mu)妄加批評,豈不可惜!世人(ren)果能(neng)明(ming)空(kong)(kong),自(zi)然心(xin)勿(wu)執(zhi)取(qu),那(nei)貪(tan)得心(xin),嗔恨心(xin),癡迷心(xin),自(zi)不會(hui)深入,天下沒有極端的爭奪了。佛法豈不是社會(hui)上(shang)(shang)最大的利益,有什(shen)么迷信(xin)可說呢!又修行人(ren)往(wang)往(wang)有口(kou)頭禪,說:“莫著了空(kong)(kong)!”這(zhe)是怕他(ta)執(zhi)著空(kong)(kong)見(jian),正因為(wei)他(ta)根本(ben)(ben)不曾明(ming)空(kong)(kong),總在(zai)空(kong)(kong)有二見(jian)上(shang)(shang)作道(dao)理,格外攪(jiao)擾(rao)不清了。所以明(ming)空(kong)(kong)則(ze)破色(se),破色(se)則(ze)心(xin)空(kong)(kong),這(zhe)是斷(duan)苦厄的第一法門!
【度】超脫的(de)意思,就是登彼岸之上,法(fa)見(jian)都凈了也。
【一(yi)切】包羅所(suo)有,凈盡無余,凡有相無相,人我法我種(zhong)種(zhong)苦厄,盡包在內(nei)。
【苦(ku)(ku)厄(e)】身上(shang)的(de)痛(tong)苦(ku)(ku),心(xin)(xin)上(shang)的(de)不(bu)(bu)(bu)安,有(you)相無相,粗細微細,都是苦(ku)(ku)厄(e)。其實全由心(xin)(xin)起,我果無心(xin)(xin),苦(ku)(ku)在何處?心(xin)(xin)果無見,厄(e)在何處?不(bu)(bu)(bu)是不(bu)(bu)(bu)知,不(bu)(bu)(bu)是不(bu)(bu)(bu)受(shou);因為有(you)智慧知道本來空,能夠(gou)知而(er)有(you)若無知,受(shou)而(er)等于(yu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)受(shou);譬如兩個人同時受(shou)苦(ku)(ku),一個擋不(bu)(bu)(bu)住,甚(shen)至苦(ku)(ku)上(shang)加苦(ku)(ku),因苦(ku)(ku)成病;一個卻無所謂,心(xin)(xin)不(bu)(bu)(bu)著意,便無苦(ku)(ku)厄(e)了(le)。
以上四句判為總持(chi)分,是(shi)第一(yi)段(duan),總三藏十(shi)二部經一(yi)切法(fa),持(chi)無(wu)量義,亦是(shi)此經綱領。通了這四句,就明白心(xin)經宗旨(zhi)了。照此做去,自然度(du)苦厄,了生死,出(chu)三界(jie),成佛道,綽乎(hu)有(you)余的(de)了。凡不(bu)明心(xin)要的(de)人,總在文(wen)字上會(hui),不(bu)肯(ken)從自心(xin)上會(hui);弄(nong)得沒有(you)辦法(fa)時,只好(hao)今(jin)日求(qiu)佛,明日求(qiu)法(fa);下此者,求(qiu)福報,求(qiu)神通,死要一(yi)個有(you)相的(de)憑據,離佛道更遠了。深入(ru)迷途,豈不(bu)可痛!
【舍利子】佛(fo)弟子的名字,即是舍利弗;在聲聞乘中,他是智(zhi)慧第一(yi)。
【色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)異(yi)空(kong)(kong)(kong),空(kong)(kong)(kong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)異(yi)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se),色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)即是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)空(kong)(kong)(kong),空(kong)(kong)(kong)即是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se),受想行(xing)識(shi),亦復如(ru)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)】首四(si)句實(shi)(shi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)意思,總(zong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)說色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)空(kong)(kong)(kong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)二的(de)(de)(de)道理。初(chu)說不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)異(yi),說沒(mei)有兩樣的(de)(de)(de),還(huan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)方便的(de)(de)(de)說;后(hou)說即是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)說就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)個(ge),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能分的(de)(de)(de),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)究竟(jing)說;斬金截鐵,毫無(wu)猶豫。色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)一(yi)(yi)個(ge)字(zi),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)單是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)代表五蘊,連外(wai)面宇(yu)(yu)宙萬(wan)有形(xing)(xing)(xing)形(xing)(xing)(xing)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)都包在內。因(yin)為(wei)宇(yu)(yu)宙萬(wan)有,就(jiu)沒(mei)有離了(le)(le)(le)我的(de)(de)(de)性(xing)(xing)海,渾(hun)同一(yi)(yi)體,盡是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se);而我的(de)(de)(de)受、想、行(xing)、識(shi),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)無(wu)相(xiang)(xiang)相(xiang)(xiang),也是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)。這(zhe)內外(wai)兩種色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se),都是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)因(yin)緣(yuan)生,無(wu)自(zi)性(xing)(xing),無(wu)實(shi)(shi)體,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)得(de)(de),根本(ben)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)性(xing)(xing)空(kong)(kong)(kong)。現下(xia)雖是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)幻有,畢(bi)竟(jing)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)得(de)(de)的(de)(de)(de),所(suo)以即色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)即空(kong)(kong)(kong),并不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)之外(wai)另有個(ge)空(kong)(kong)(kong)。參(can)透上面所(suo)說的(de)(de)(de)空(kong)(kong)(kong)義,就(jiu)知道這(zhe)個(ge)意義了(le)(le)(le)。所(suo)以心的(de)(de)(de)形(xing)(xing)(xing)形(xing)(xing)(xing)種種,亦是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五蘊流轉;而色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)的(de)(de)(de)形(xing)(xing)(xing)形(xing)(xing)(xing)種種,全似空(kong)(kong)(kong)華(hua)的(de)(de)(de)亂起亂滅,如(ru)電影的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)幕一(yi)(yi)幕,總(zong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有而不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)得(de)(de)。你莫(mo)把(ba)這(zhe)四(si)句看作玄妙,實(shi)(shi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)極(ji)普(pu)通極(ji)尋(xun)常的(de)(de)(de)道理。你只認(ren)明“一(yi)(yi)切(qie)(qie)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)因(yin)緣(yuan)生,無(wu)自(zi)性(xing)(xing),無(wu)實(shi)(shi)體,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)得(de)(de),所(suo)以是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)性(xing)(xing)空(kong)(kong)(kong)”。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)但色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)如(ru)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),受、想、行(xing)、識(shi)四(si)蘊也如(ru)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi);不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)但五蘊如(ru)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),宇(yu)(yu)宙萬(wan)有的(de)(de)(de)有相(xiang)(xiang)相(xiang)(xiang),和下(xia)面一(yi)(yi)切(qie)(qie)法(fa)(fa),如(ru)十八界,十二因(yin)緣(yuan),四(si)諦法(fa)(fa),六度萬(wan)行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)智得(de)(de)等(deng),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)無(wu)相(xiang)(xiang)相(xiang)(xiang),一(yi)(yi)切(qie)(qie)皆復如(ru)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)性(xing)(xing)空(kong)(kong)(kong)。但是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)凡(fan)夫執有,所(suo)以說色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)異(yi)空(kong)(kong)(kong);二乘又(you)執空(kong)(kong)(kong),所(suo)以說空(kong)(kong)(kong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)異(yi)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se);還(huan)有菩薩(sa)未曾(ceng)會通不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)二的(de)(de)(de),所(suo)以說色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)即是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)空(kong)(kong)(kong),空(kong)(kong)(kong)即是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)色(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se)(se),總(zong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)破他們的(de)(de)(de)法(fa)(fa)見。倘明白(bai)法(fa)(fa)見也是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)本(ben)空(kong)(kong)(kong),就(jiu)了(le)(le)(le)無(wu)掛(gua)礙的(de)(de)(de)了(le)(le)(le)。
以(yi)上七句判為(wei)(wei)色空(kong)分,為(wei)(wei)第二段,用(yong)以(yi)會通色空(kong)不二的道理。
【舍利子】此(ci)時(shi)要點到(dao)本來上,在緊要關頭了,故又呼其名而告之,是鄭重的意思(si)。
【是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)諸(zhu)法(fa)(fa)空(kong)相(xiang)】法(fa)(fa)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)什(shen)么?是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)影,是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)中緣起的種種道理。如果沒有(you)對(dui)象,也就(jiu)沒有(you)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)沒有(you)法(fa)(fa)了(le),所以(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)因緣生(sheng)(sheng)、生(sheng)(sheng)而不(bu)(bu)生(sheng)(sheng),無自(zi)性(xing),無實(shi)(shi)物,不(bu)(bu)可得,本來是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)空(kong),不(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)造作出來的空(kong)。古人說(shuo):心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)生(sheng)(sheng)法(fa)(fa)生(sheng)(sheng),心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)滅法(fa)(fa)滅,心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)既是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)幻,法(fa)(fa)豈是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)真!諸(zhu)法(fa)(fa)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)說(shuo)一(yi)切(qie)法(fa)(fa),就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)切(qie)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)。世上的人,總是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)緣心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin),以(yi)法(fa)(fa)緣法(fa)(fa),不(bu)(bu)知本空(kong),遂當他(ta)實(shi)(shi)有(you),彼(bi)此(ci)固執(zhi)住(zhu)了(le),爭執(zhi)就(jiu)此(ci)多了(le)。這個相(xiang)字(zi),應作義(yi)字(zi)解(jie),下面正(zheng)點到不(bu)(bu)生(sheng)(sheng)不(bu)(bu)滅的原理。
【不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)滅(mie)】佛經上最(zui)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)容(rong)易了解的(de)(de)就是(shi)(shi)(shi)這(zhe)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)句,須(xu)知宇宙間(jian)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)切(qie)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)切(qie)連(lian)我的(de)(de)思想五蘊等等,都(dou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)滅(mie)的(de)(de)。因(yin)(yin)為一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)切(qie)是(shi)(shi)(shi):(一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi))不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)自(zi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),如(ru)上面(mian)說布(bu)(bu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)自(zi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)為布(bu)(bu),是(shi)(shi)(shi)無(wu)(wu)自(zi)性的(de)(de),須(xu)賴眾緣和(he)合(he)而生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。(二)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)他生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)單靠他緣,還不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)離我這(zhe)個布(bu)(bu),所以(yi)也不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)他生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。那么(me)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(三)共生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)了?不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)!也不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)共生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),因(yin)(yin)為兩面(mian)也都(dou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)緣生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),兩無(wu)(wu)實體,只是(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個偶合(he),所以(yi)也不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)共生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。(四)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)無(wu)(wu)因(yin)(yin)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),現(xian)在的(de)(de)假相,似乎是(shi)(shi)(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),但必由因(yin)(yin)成(cheng)果(guo);沒(mei)有(you)可以(yi)成(cheng)布(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)因(yin)(yin),就沒(mei)有(you)成(cheng)布(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)果(guo)。以(yi)此類(lei)推(tui)(tui),一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)切(qie)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)切(qie)是(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de),現(xian)在雖有(you)相,終是(shi)(shi)(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)而不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)。既不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),即不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)滅(mie);但現(xian)在的(de)(de)假相,卻(que)有(you)個假滅(mie),只是(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)自(zi)滅(mie),如(ru)布(bu)(bu)燒成(cheng)灰,布(bu)(bu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)自(zi)燒;不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)他滅(mie),雖有(you)火燒,終不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)離了布(bu)(bu);不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)共滅(mie),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)無(wu)(wu)因(yin)(yin)滅(mie),都(dou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)個理,可以(yi)推(tui)(tui)想得到的(de)(de)。
【不(bu)(bu)(bu)垢不(bu)(bu)(bu)凈(jing),不(bu)(bu)(bu)增(zeng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)減(jian)】因為不(bu)(bu)(bu)生(sheng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)滅,所(suo)以垢凈(jing)、增(zeng)減(jian)、長(chang)短、是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)非(fei)、好(hao)壞(huai)、來去,一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)對(dui)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)對(dui)的(de)(de)都(dou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)因分(fen)別而(er)緣(yuan)生(sheng),統統是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)幻有(you)(you)(you)(you)不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)得,所(suo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)相,本(ben)(ben)來是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)空相;因世(shi)事無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)由相對(dui)而(er)成(cheng),苦惱也由相對(dui)而(er)立。倘知根本(ben)(ben)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)因緣(yuan)生(sheng),無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)自性(xing),無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)實(shi)體,不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)得,根本(ben)(ben)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)生(sheng)而(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)生(sheng),不(bu)(bu)(bu)過暫(zan)時有(you)(you)(you)(you)這個虛妄相,那又何必執為實(shi)體呢?既不(bu)(bu)(bu)執有(you)(you)(you)(you),亦(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)廢有(you)(you)(you)(you);即一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)切法(fa),離一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)切法(fa);既此(ci)用,離此(ci)用;心如長(chang)空萬里,包(bao)羅一(yi)(yi)(yi)(yi)切,自在(zai)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)住,此(ci)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)諸法(fa)空相的(de)(de)本(ben)(ben)來面(mian)目,亦(yi)即無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)心可(ke)心的(de)(de)本(ben)(ben)來面(mian)目。但(dan)眾生(sheng)久已不(bu)(bu)(bu)知的(de)(de)了(le),有(you)(you)(you)(you)全不(bu)(bu)(bu)知者(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)六道眾生(sheng),半知者(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二乘,知而(er)未(wei)徹者(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)菩薩,都(dou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)掛(gua)礙(ai)。所(suo)謂有(you)(you)(you)(you)五部,有(you)(you)(you)(you)此(ci)岸(an),有(you)(you)(you)(you)入(ru)流,有(you)(you)(you)(you)中流,有(you)(you)(you)(you)彼岸(an)而(er)未(wei)登岸(an)上
種種。以上(shang)五(wu)句,判為本來(lai)分(fen),為第三段,修行人(ren)最要緊是這一(yi)點(dian),切勿忽(hu)過(guo)。
【是(shi)故(gu)】此是(shi)決定的口(kou)氣。
【空(kong)中無色,無受想行識(shi)(shi)(shi),無眼耳鼻舌(she)身(shen)意(yi)(yi),無色聲香味(wei)觸法,無眼界(jie)(jie),乃(nai)至無意(yi)(yi)識(shi)(shi)(shi)界(jie)(jie)】既(ji)明(ming)白(bai)了空(kong)中的(de)(de)(de)(de)道理,那么空(kong)之中還有(you)什么實(shi)(shi)體(ti)可得呢?這(zhe)“無”字有(you)兩個解釋:一是(shi)(shi)無有(you),是(shi)(shi)根本(ben)不(bu)有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)意(yi)(yi)思。二是(shi)(shi)毋(wu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)意(yi)(yi)思。因(yin)為(wei)(wei)現(xian)在雖有(you)幻相,但畢竟(jing)是(shi)(shi)無,毋(wu)庸(yong)執(zhi)(zhi)取以(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)(wei)實(shi)(shi)有(you)而生(sheng)(sheng)法見,添許(xu)多(duo)煩(fan)(fan)惱。所以(yi)(yi)(yi)五(wu)蘊(色、受、想、行、識(shi)(shi)(shi))、六(liu)(liu)根(眼、耳、鼻、舌(she)、身(shen)、意(yi)(yi))、六(liu)(liu)塵(色、聲、香、味(wei)、觸、法)這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)十(shi)二入,再加上六(liu)(liu)識(shi)(shi)(shi)(眼識(shi)(shi)(shi)、耳識(shi)(shi)(shi)、鼻識(shi)(shi)(shi)、舌(she)識(shi)(shi)(shi)、身(shen)識(shi)(shi)(shi)、意(yi)(yi)識(shi)(shi)(shi))共為(wei)(wei)十(shi)八界(jie)(jie),都是(shi)(shi)不(bu)可得;因(yin)為(wei)(wei)是(shi)(shi)緣(yuan)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de),無自性的(de)(de)(de)(de),無實(shi)(shi)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de),不(bu)可得的(de)(de)(de)(de)。然(ran)而人(ren)既(ji)有(you)此幻身(shen),自有(you)幻心作用,不(bu)能斷滅;佛菩(pu)薩也要(yao)用以(yi)(yi)(yi)度眾(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng),救世間無量苦,我人(ren)正要(yao)用此以(yi)(yi)(yi)開般若(ruo),了生(sheng)(sheng)死,出三界(jie)(jie),不(bu)過圣人(ren)明(ming)白(bai)本(ben)來(lai)空(kong),所以(yi)(yi)(yi)無法執(zhi)(zhi);眾(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)迷了,遂生(sheng)(sheng)顛(dian)倒,這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)眾(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)大掛(gua)礙(ai)。因(yin)為(wei)(wei)地獄眾(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng),掛(gua)礙(ai)在具足多(duo)分貪(tan)(tan)(tan)嗔(chen)癡(chi)(chi)(chi),鬼道掛(gua)礙(ai)于(yu)多(duo)分的(de)(de)(de)(de)貪(tan)(tan)(tan),畜道掛(gua)礙(ai)于(yu)多(duo)分的(de)(de)(de)(de)癡(chi)(chi)(chi),魔道掛(gua)礙(ai)于(yu)多(duo)分的(de)(de)(de)(de)嗔(chen),人(ren)道掛(gua)礙(ai)于(yu)半分的(de)(de)(de)(de)貪(tan)(tan)(tan)嗔(chen)癡(chi)(chi)(chi),天道掛(gua)礙(ai)于(yu)少(shao)分的(de)(de)(de)(de)貪(tan)(tan)(tan)。這(zhe)貪(tan)(tan)(tan)、嗔(chen)、癡(chi)(chi)(chi)三毒,都由六(liu)(liu)根六(liu)(liu)塵六(liu)(liu)識(shi)(shi)(shi)而起,只一空(kong)字可以(yi)(yi)(yi)化除一切(qie)煩(fan)(fan)惱掛(gua)礙(ai)。化除了,當(dang)下即是(shi)(shi)菩(pu)提(ti);所以(yi)(yi)(yi)煩(fan)(fan)惱菩(pu)提(ti),同是(shi)(shi)這(zhe)個東(dong)西。
【無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)明(ming),亦無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)明(ming)盡,乃至無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)老死(si)(si),亦無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)老死(si)(si)盡】這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)覺(jue)(即辟支佛(fo),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)曾聞到佛(fo)法(fa)(fa)而(er)(er)(er)借(jie)因(yin)(yin)(yin)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)覺(jue)悟的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de))執(zhi)取十二因(yin)(yin)(yin)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)法(fa)(fa)而(er)(er)(er)生(sheng)(sheng)掛(gua)礙(ai),他不(bu)(bu)知(zhi)道諸法(fa)(fa)空相。既說是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)因(yin)(yin)(yin)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),可見是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)生(sheng)(sheng)不(bu)(bu)實,但(dan)伊(yi)不(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)明(ming)空,被法(fa)(fa)見縛住了(le)(le),不(bu)(bu)得(de)自在(zai)。那十二因(yin)(yin)(yin)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)即是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi):一(yi)、無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)明(ming):是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)過去(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)根本(ben)煩(fan)惱,只(zhi)要(yao)碰到緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)就(jiu)(jiu)動(dong)了(le)(le)。緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)轉(zhuan)下去(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意思(si)。二、無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)明(ming)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)行(xing)(xing):行(xing)(xing)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)行(xing)(xing)動(dong),做種種或善或惡的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)行(xing)(xing)業(ye)。三、行(xing)(xing)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)識:由(you)(you)于(yu)過去(qu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)行(xing)(xing)業(ye),而(er)(er)(er)起現世受胎(tai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)念,是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)因(yin)(yin)(yin)認識而(er)(er)(er)成(cheng)(cheng)為果的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。四(si)(si)、識緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)名(ming)色:在(zai)胎(tai)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)已(yi)(yi)有(you)(you)(you)形體而(er)(er)(er)有(you)(you)(you)名(ming)色。五(wu)、名(ming)色緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)六入:是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)六根具足,可以和(he)六塵相對(dui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)了(le)(le)。六、六入緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)觸(chu):是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)出胎(tai)后對(dui)于(yu)一(yi)切有(you)(you)(you)所(suo)接(jie)觸(chu)了(le)(le)。七、觸(chu)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)受:接(jie)觸(chu)之后,就(jiu)(jiu)受苦受樂而(er)(er)(er)生(sheng)(sheng)種種感覺(jue)。八、受緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)愛:如(ru)成(cheng)(cheng)年以后,就(jiu)(jiu)有(you)(you)(you)強盛的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)愛欲(yu)。九、愛緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)取:有(you)(you)(you)了(le)(le)愛欲(yu),就(jiu)(jiu)想去(qu)取得(de),心去(qu)四(si)(si)面馳求。十、取緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)有(you)(you)(you):取得(de)就(jiu)(jiu)有(you)(you)(you)了(le)(le),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)業(ye)成(cheng)(cheng)就(jiu)(jiu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)果位(wei)。十一(yi)、有(you)(you)(you)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)生(sheng)(sheng):這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)成(cheng)(cheng)立了(le)(le),生(sheng)(sheng)生(sheng)(sheng)不(bu)(bu)已(yi)(yi),轉(zhuan)入未來(lai)。十二、生(sheng)(sheng)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)老死(si)(si):有(you)(you)(you)生(sheng)(sheng)就(jiu)(jiu)有(you)(you)(you)滅,一(yi)切本(ben)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)夢(meng)(meng)幻泡影,終必變滅,老死(si)(si)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)這(zhe)一(yi)段(duan)生(sheng)(sheng)死(si)(si)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)果。但(dan)只(zhi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)明(ming)未滅,再(zai)來(lai)一(yi)轉(zhuan),生(sheng)(sheng)生(sheng)(sheng)世世轉(zhuan)輾不(bu)(bu)已(yi)(yi),遂(sui)有(you)(you)(you)六道輪回,總是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)明(ming)作祟。乃至兩(liang)個字(zi),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)由(you)(you)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)明(ming)跳至老死(si)(si),中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)間略去(qu)十位(wei)。這(zhe)十二因(yin)(yin)(yin)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),位(wei)位(wei)都依據無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)明(ming)作主,不(bu)(bu)知(zhi)皆是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)妄心幻法(fa)(fa)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)起,根本(ben)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)(you)。盡者(zhe),極也,就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)之極也,言無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)亦無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)(you)也,是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)絕對(dui)不(bu)(bu)可得(de)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意思(si)。所(suo)以無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)明(ming)非有(you)(you)(you)實體,如(ru)空中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)華(hua),夢(meng)(meng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)事(shi);夢(meng)(meng)中(zhong)(zhong)(zhong)非無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu),及至夢(meng)(meng)醒,了(le)(le)不(bu)(bu)可得(de)。可惜眾生(sheng)(sheng)不(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)斷無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)明(ming),緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)而(er)(er)(er)下,無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)(you)窮期(qi),無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)非是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)惑業(ye)苦。緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)覺(jue)雖(sui)已(yi)(yi)悟到十二因(yin)(yin)(yin)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),原是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)假有(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)合相;但(dan)以為是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)定法(fa)(fa)不(bu)(bu)移(yi),所(suo)以法(fa)(fa)見不(bu)(bu)凈(jing)而(er)(er)(er)生(sheng)(sheng)掛(gua)礙(ai)。
【無(wu)苦(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)集滅(mie)(mie)(mie)道(dao)】這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)聲聞執(zhi)取四(si)(si)諦(di)法,而生(sheng)(sheng)掛礙(ai)。苦(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)、集、滅(mie)(mie)(mie)、道(dao),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)名四(si)(si)諦(di),就是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)四(si)(si)種重要(yao)的(de)道(dao)理。苦(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)身心(xin)(xin)逼迫不(bu)(bu)安(an)。眾生(sheng)(sheng)身有(you)三苦(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku):老(lao)、病、死(si)(si)(si)。心(xin)(xin)有(you)三苦(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku):貪、嗔、癡(chi)。后世(shi)有(you)三苦(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku):地獄、鬼、畜(chu)生(sheng)(sheng)。更有(you)三災八難苦(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)、壞(huai)苦(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)、行苦(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)、苦(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)苦(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)、不(bu)(bu)知足苦(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)、不(bu)(bu)安(an)命苦(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)、心(xin)(xin)無(wu)寄(ji)托苦(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku),這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)苦(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)諦(di)。卻是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)三界六道(dao)生(sheng)(sheng)死(si)(si)(si)苦(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku)果(guo),無(wu)不(bu)(bu)由心(xin)(xin)和境(jing)集合(he)而成,這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)集諦(di)。滅(mie)(mie)(mie)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)消滅(mie)(mie)(mie)的(de)意思(si),斷一切苦(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku),歸(gui)到(dao)清(qing)凈(jing)寂滅(mie)(mie)(mie)。因為結業既滅(mie)(mie)(mie),則無(wu)生(sheng)(sheng)死(si)(si)(si)的(de)患累,這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)滅(mie)(mie)(mie)諦(di)。但要(yao)滅(mie)(mie)(mie)除那集合(he)的(de)諸苦(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku),必得有(you)個(ge)道(dao)理,道(dao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)正道(dao);做到(dao)正道(dao),必要(yao)助(zhu)道(dao),助(zhu)其離(li)一切苦(ku)(ku)(ku)(ku),到(dao)涅盤樂,這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)道(dao)諦(di)。聲聞執(zhi)此法見(jian)以為究竟(jing),所以分段生(sheng)(sheng)死(si)(si)(si),或者可(ke)了(le),變易生(sheng)(sheng)死(si)(si)(si)卻不(bu)(bu)易了(le)。倘明本來空,知此四(si)(si)諦(di)法,不(bu)(bu)過(guo)一時(shi)的(de)緣生(sheng)(sheng);不(bu)(bu)但是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)果(guo)上色空,實(shi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)因上色空,不(bu)(bu)必執(zhi)取,便無(wu)掛礙(ai)了(le)。
【無智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)亦無得(de)(de)】這是(shi)菩薩的(de)掛礙。菩薩執取(qu)六(liu)度(du)萬行諸法,以為確有(you)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)慧(hui)可得(de)(de),有(you)眾生可度(du),有(you)佛可成(cheng),心中(zhong)不(bu)免(mian)具此波羅蜜的(de)行相,微細的(de)法見不(bu)曾(ceng)凈,所以不(bu)到究竟(jing)涅(nie)盤地(di)(di)。從前阿難問佛如(ru)(ru)何(he)是(shi)煩(fan)惱地(di)(di)獄(yu)(yu)種性?佛說行六(liu)波羅蜜行是(shi)煩(fan)惱地(di)(di)獄(yu)(yu)種;如(ru)(ru)我能布施,因見他(ta)人不(bu)肯布施而(er)生厭惡,是(shi)煩(fan)惱地(di)(di)獄(yu)(yu)種;我能持戒等(deng)等(deng),因見別人不(bu)能持戒等(deng)等(deng),心生厭恨,是(shi)煩(fan)惱地(di)(di)獄(yu)(yu)種。這就(jiu)是(shi)彌陀經上(shang)說的(de)見濁,是(shi)名染法,染糊涂了。況且有(you)智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)無智(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),都(dou)是(shi)幻心作用,分別為二。同是(shi)性空,更有(you)何(he)法可得(de)(de)?世尊昔在燃燈佛所得(de)(de)佛授(shou)記,成(cheng)無上(shang)菩提,世尊當時并不(bu)取(qu)以為勝,因為知道性空!實無少法可得(de)(de),不(bu)過名為菩提而(er)已。所以菩薩必到法無我的(de)時候,才(cai)是(shi)掛礙凈盡。
【以無(wu)所得故】這是總結一(yi)句,極(ji)言(yan)上面五蘊、十(shi)八界、十(shi)二因緣、四(si)諦法(fa)、六度(du)智得一(yi)切本空,仔細(xi)推求,實(shi)無(wu)所得。以上十(shi)三句判為(wei)法(fa)用分,為(wei)第四(si)段,說(shuo)空了(le)之后,般(ban)若法(fa)用自(zi)然啟發,也不受法(fa)縛了(le)。
【菩提薩埵(duo)】簡稱就是菩薩,此指已(yi)登(deng)佛(fo)位的(de)明心菩薩,又名開(kai)士(shi)、大士(shi);又薩埵(duo)譯為(wei)精進勇猛,堪以荷擔(dan)如(ru)來事業的(de)人。
【依般(ban)若(ruo)(ruo)波羅蜜多故】他因為依自性的(de)(de)金(jin)剛般(ban)若(ruo)(ruo),能夠超登彼岸(an)的(de)(de)緣故,所(suo)以(yi)有下(xia)面實證的(de)(de)受(shou)用。我們應該知道(dao)修(xiu)行不(bu)是(shi)圖利(li),更(geng)(geng)不(bu)能圖名(ming),名(ming)利(li)是(shi)生死(si)(si)最毒的(de)(de)藥;名(ming)利(li)的(de)(de)心不(bu)死(si)(si),永無出(chu)頭的(de)(de)日子。因此(ci)因地要(yao)(yao)(yao)正,總要(yao)(yao)(yao)在自性上(shang)(shang)打算,老(lao)老(lao)實實,真參(can)實究,決不(bu)要(yao)(yao)(yao)在神通(tong)奇特,出(chu)語玄妙上(shang)(shang)求,絲毫擋不(bu)住生死(si)(si)的(de)(de)。菩(pu)薩(sa)尚不(bu)能離開般(ban)若(ruo)(ruo),何況(kuang)我輩,離了般(ban)若(ruo)(ruo)之外,更(geng)(geng)有何法?這是(shi)成(cheng)佛(fo)的(de)(de)根(gen)本條(tiao)(tiao)件,肯向(xiang)這條(tiao)(tiao)法上(shang)(shang)走的(de)(de),才是(shi)有智慧的(de)(de)人(ren),此(ci)生決可(ke)成(cheng)就。
【心無掛礙(ai)】這(zhe)個(ge)心,是毫無掛礙(ai),人空(kong)(kong)法空(kong)(kong),寂(ji)滅輕安(an)的大自在心,視世(shi)間(jian)出世(shi)間(jian)一切一切皆量等虛空(kong)(kong),無有(you)邊際,包(bao)羅(luo)萬有(you),了無掛礙(ai)。心且(qie)不有(you),掛礙(ai)何(he)依?苦厄安(an)在?
【無(wu)掛礙故,無(wu)有(you)恐(kong)(kong)怖(bu),遠離顛(dian)倒夢想】心里既是(shi)(shi)凈(jing)空無(wu)見(jian),白天沒有(you)想象,夜間自(zi)無(wu)亂夢,正(zheng)如千(qian)眼千(qian)手,圓照十方,豈(qi)有(you)顛(dian)倒?凡人恐(kong)(kong)怖(bu),先有(you)一個(ge)得失心,就是(shi)(shi)有(you)我的(de)果(guo),正(zheng)是(shi)(shi)六道生(sheng)死(si)(si)的(de)種性。如能心空法空,登于佛(fo)位,兩個(ge)生(sheng)死(si)(si)已(yi)了(le)。菩薩再(zai)來世間,是(shi)(shi)大悲愿力(li),不是(shi)(shi)業(ye)力(li),自(zi)然沒有(you)恐(kong)(kong)怖(bu),顛(dian)倒夢想,都遠離了(le),到了(le)生(sheng)滅滅已(yi),寂滅為樂的(de)境界了(le)。
【究(jiu)竟(jing)涅(nie)(nie)盤(pan)】這(zhe)涅(nie)(nie)盤(pan)是(shi)(shi)清凈的(de)意思。二乘(cheng)人是(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)余涅(nie)(nie)盤(pan),不是(shi)(shi)究(jiu)竟(jing);這(zhe)究(jiu)竟(jing)涅(nie)(nie)盤(pan)是(shi)(shi)佛位,名為無(wu)余涅(nie)(nie)盤(pan),連涅(nie)(nie)盤(pan)亦不可得。所謂成了(le)佛,也沒有(you)(you)成佛的(de)法見。本(ben)(ben)來涅(nie)(nie)盤(pan)是(shi)(shi)對(dui)生(sheng)死說的(de),既本(ben)(ben)來沒有(you)(you)生(sheng)死,亦安有(you)(you)涅(nie)(nie)盤(pan),不過同是(shi)(shi)個假(jia)名罷了(le)。這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)菩薩(sa)的(de)果德。
【三世諸佛(fo)(fo)】無論(lun)現在佛(fo)(fo),過去(qu)佛(fo)(fo),未來佛(fo)(fo),統包括三世一切諸佛(fo)(fo),不(bu)問已成未成,都是(shi)一體平(ping)等。須知(zhi)釋迦(jia)彌陀是(shi)果上(shang)佛(fo)(fo),我和六道眾生是(shi)因上(shang)佛(fo)(fo),性自(zi)平(ping)等,所以(yi)不(bu)可自(zi)棄(qi),也(ye)不(bu)可輕人。
【依(yi)般若波羅蜜(mi)多(duo)故(gu),得阿耨多(duo)羅三藐(miao)(miao)三菩提(ti)】三世諸佛,也無(wu)(wu)不由此(ci)法門(men)而(er)得無(wu)(wu)上菩提(ti)。一(yi)切大(da)智慧,無(wu)(wu)不由自性(xing)佛母所生(sheng),生(sheng)是(shi)(shi)啟發(fa)的(de)(de)意(yi)思。這個得,正(zheng)是(shi)(shi)無(wu)(wu)得之(zhi)得;必得心中了(le)無(wu)(wu)所得,然(ran)后本來的(de)(de)面目斯得。此(ci)時無(wu)(wu)人,無(wu)(wu)我,無(wu)(wu)眾生(sheng),無(wu)(wu)壽者,寂然(ran)不動,而(er)妙用恒沙,由此(ci)啟發(fa),這是(shi)(shi)佛的(de)(de)果德。阿耨多(duo)羅是(shi)(shi)無(wu)(wu)上,三藐(miao)(miao)是(shi)(shi)正(zheng)等,三菩提(ti)是(shi)(shi)正(zheng)覺;就是(shi)(shi)無(wu)(wu)上正(zheng)等正(zheng)覺,是(shi)(shi)言佛的(de)(de)意(yi)境。你想連佛也不能離此(ci)法門(men),眾生(sheng)豈可(ke)自外(wai),另覓途(tu)徑,豈非顛倒!所以(yi)不自求(qiu)而(er)他(ta)求(qiu),都是(shi)(shi)因地不正(zheng),適以(yi)自誤!
以上十句判為(wei)果(guo)德分,為(wei)第(di)五段(duan),是(shi)說(shuo)(shuo)到果(guo)德地位(wei),一切掛礙才(cai)算凈盡,才(cai)是(shi)究竟涅盤,都賴觀空成就,并無(wu)(wu)別(bie)法(fa)。又以上可算是(shi)上半部心經,專說(shuo)(shuo)此法(fa)無(wu)(wu)實。下(xia)面再(zai)翻身過來說(shuo)(shuo)個無(wu)(wu)虛,金(jin)剛經說(shuo)(shuo):“此法(fa)無(wu)(wu)實無(wu)(wu)虛。”要(yao)人不(bu)(bu)要(yao)執(zhi)實,也不(bu)(bu)要(yao)執(zhi)虛,正顯般若(ruo)無(wu)(wu)住(zhu)的(de)妙用。若(ruo)再(zai)深一層講,心既不(bu)(bu)有,法(fa)于何(he)依(yi)?既沒有法(fa),更談(tan)不(bu)(bu)到無(wu)(wu)實無(wu)(wu)虛的(de)了。所(suo)以說(shuo)(shuo),涅盤生死(si)等空華。
【故知(zhi)般若(ruo)波羅蜜多】以下是(shi)(shi)(shi)轉入(ru)無(wu)(wu)虛,點明一知(zhi)字(zi)(zi)的(de)(de)妙用。這知(zhi)字(zi)(zi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)靈照覺知(zhi),表明悟后的(de)(de)意境,仿佛是(shi)(shi)(shi)轉而(er)為有(you);不(bu)知(zhi)這知(zhi)字(zi)(zi)也是(shi)(shi)(shi)法(fa),也是(shi)(shi)(shi)性空(kong),一時的(de)(de)緣生,暫時的(de)(de)法(fa)用,即是(shi)(shi)(shi)知(zhi)而(er)無(wu)(wu)知(zhi),生而(er)不(bu)生;所以不(bu)明無(wu)(wu)生的(de)(de)道(dao)理,就不(bu)能(neng)證知(zhi)真空(kong)的(de)(de)道(dao)理。前說一空(kong)字(zi)(zi),是(shi)(shi)(shi)般若(ruo)的(de)(de)體;此說一知(zhi)字(zi)(zi),是(shi)(shi)(shi)般若(ruo)的(de)(de)用。所以表般若(ruo)的(de)(de)至德(de),無(wu)(wu)可形容,無(wu)(wu)可言(yan)表;至此言(yan)語道(dao)斷(duan),心行處滅(mie);惟有(you)神會,惟有(you)贊嘆,正是(shi)(shi)(shi)冷暖自知(zhi)的(de)(de)時候。
【是(shi)(shi)大(da)神(shen)咒(zhou),是(shi)(shi)大(da)明(ming)咒(zhou),是(shi)(shi)無(wu)上(shang)咒(zhou),是(shi)(shi)無(wu)等(deng)等(deng)咒(zhou),能除一(yi)切苦,真(zhen)實不(bu)虛】這六句是(shi)(shi)贊(zan)嘆的辭句。咒(zhou)是(shi)(shi)密(mi)意,以決定如(ru)(ru)是(shi)(shi)曰咒(zhou),如(ru)(ru)軍令嚴速曰咒(zhou)。以無(wu)所不(bu)包(bao)謂(wei)(wei)(wei)之大(da);以無(wu)所不(bu)通謂(wei)(wei)(wei)之神(shen);以無(wu)所不(bu)照謂(wei)(wei)(wei)之明(ming);以無(wu)可(ke)比對(dui)無(wu)可(ke)再加謂(wei)(wei)(wei)之無(wu)上(shang);以畢竟(jing)平(ping)等(deng)謂(wei)(wei)(wei)之無(wu)等(deng)等(deng);空(kong)不(bu)偏空(kong),有不(bu)著有,于寂滅(mie)(mie)無(wu)住的性(xing)體中(zhong),能啟發恒沙妙用。六祖云:何期自(zi)性(xing)本不(bu)生滅(mie)(mie),本不(bu)動搖;何期自(zi)性(xing)能生萬法。前為無(wu)實之體,此(ci)為無(wu)虛之用;故能除一(yi)切苦,真(zhen)實不(bu)虛。你想世上(shang)的人,沒一(yi)個人沒有掛礙的痛(tong)苦,哪一(yi)個人能離了佛(fo)(fo)法,佛(fo)(fo)法又何曾迷信呢!
以上(shang)七句判為證(zheng)(zheng)知分(fen),分(fen)第六段,要(yao)親證(zheng)(zheng)才(cai)知這個境(jing)界,不(bu)(bu)是(shi)靠(kao)文字可(ke)以得知的(de)。所以得知的(de)必須要(yao)真參(can)實究,從自性(xing)上(shang)用功,經是(shi)不(bu)(bu)過借來(lai)考證(zheng)(zheng)罷(ba)了。總之(zhi),心通(tong)才(cai)是(shi)最(zui)大神(shen)通(tong);但心不(bu)(bu)空就(jiu)不(bu)(bu)能(neng)通(tong),不(bu)(bu)通(tong)就(jiu)不(bu)(bu)能(neng)明,不(bu)(bu)明則(ze)一切智慧被無明所覆,不(bu)(bu)能(neng)啟發(fa)。這一分(fen)是(shi)說(shuo)心到(dao)了真空的(de)境(jing)界,自然(ran)有(you)許(xu)多(duo)力量;不(bu)(bu)是(shi)有(you)苦(ku)再除,卻使一切苦(ku)厄無所依附(fu),根本無苦(ku)厄的(de)了。
張(zhang)旭(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu),生(sheng)卒年不(bu)(bu)詳,字伯高(gao),一(yi)字季明,吳郡(jun)(江(jiang)蘇(su)蘇(su)州)人(ren)。初仕為(wei)(wei)(wei)常熟尉(wei),后官至(zhi)金吾長(chang)史(shi)(shi),人(ren)稱(cheng)(cheng)“張(zhang)長(chang)史(shi)(shi)”。其(qi)母陸(lu)氏(shi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)初唐書(shu)家陸(lu)柬(jian)之的(de)(de)侄(zhi)女,即虞世南的(de)(de)外孫女。陸(lu)氏(shi)世代以(yi)書(shu)傳業(ye),有(you)稱(cheng)(cheng)于史(shi)(shi)。張(zhang)旭(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)人(ren)灑脫不(bu)(bu)羈,豁(huo)達大度(du),卓爾不(bu)(bu)群,才(cai)華(hua)橫溢,學識淵博。與李白、賀知章相友善(shan),杜(du)甫(fu)將他(ta)三(san)人(ren)列入“飲中(zhong)八仙”。是(shi)一(yi)位極有(you)個(ge)(ge)性(xing)的(de)(de)草書(shu)大家,因他(ta)常喝得大醉(zui),就呼叫狂走,然(ran)后落筆(bi)成(cheng)書(shu),甚(shen)至(zhi)以(yi)頭(tou)發(fa)蘸墨(mo)書(shu)寫,故又有(you)“張(zhang)顛”的(de)(de)雅稱(cheng)(cheng)。后懷素(su)繼(ji)承和發(fa)展了其(qi)筆(bi)法,也以(yi)草書(shu)得名,并稱(cheng)(cheng)“顛張(zhang)醉(zui)素(su)”。張(zhang)旭(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)性(xing)格豪放,嗜好(hao)飲酒,常在大醉(zui)后手舞足蹈,然(ran)后回(hui)到(dao)桌(zhuo)前,提筆(bi)落墨(mo),一(yi)揮而(er)就。有(you)人(ren)說他(ta)粗魯,給他(ta)取(qu)了個(ge)(ge)張(zhang)癲的(de)(de)雅號。其(qi)實他(ta)很細心,他(ta)認為(wei)(wei)(wei)在日常生(sheng)活(huo)中(zhong)所觸到(dao)的(de)(de)事物,都能啟(qi)發(fa)寫字。偶(ou)有(you)所獲,即熔冶于自己的(de)(de)書(shu)法中(zhong)。當時人(ren)們只要(yao)得到(dao)他(ta)的(de)(de)片紙支字,都視若珍品,世襲真藏。那時候,張(zhang)旭(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)有(you)個(ge)(ge)鄰居,家境貧困(kun),聽(ting)說張(zhang)旭(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)性(xing)情慷慨,就寫信給張(zhang)旭(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu),希望得到(dao)他(ta)的(de)(de)資助。張(zhang)旭(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)非常同情鄰人(ren),便在信中(zhong)說道:您(nin)只要(yao)說這(zhe)信是(shi)張(zhang)旭(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)寫的(de)(de),要(yao)價可上百(bai)金。鄰人(ren)將信照(zhao)著他(ta)的(de)(de)話上街(jie)售賣,果然(ran)不(bu)(bu)到(dao)半日就被爭購一(yi)空(kong)。鄰人(ren)高(gao)興地回(hui)到(dao)家,并向張(zhang)旭(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)致萬分的(de)(de)感(gan)謝。
張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)旭的(de)書(shu)(shu)(shu)法(fa)(fa),始化于(yu)張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)芝、二王(wang)一路,以(yi)草(cao)(cao)書(shu)(shu)(shu)成就(jiu)最高。史稱“草(cao)(cao)圣”。他自己以(yi)繼承“二王(wang)”傳統(tong)為自豪,字字有(you)法(fa)(fa),另一方面又效法(fa)(fa)張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)芝草(cao)(cao)書(shu)(shu)(shu)之(zhi)藝(yi),創造(zao)出(chu)瀟灑磊落,變(bian)(bian)幻莫測的(de)狂(kuang)草(cao)(cao)來,其(qi)狀驚世駭俗。相傳他見(jian)公主(zhu)與擔夫爭道,又聞鼓吹而得筆法(fa)(fa)之(zhi)意;在河(he)南鄴縣(xian)時愛(ai)看公孫大娘舞(wu)西河(he)劍器(qi),并因此(ci)而得草(cao)(cao)書(shu)(shu)(shu)之(zhi)神(shen)。顏真卿曾兩度辭官向(xiang)他請(qing)教筆法(fa)(fa)。張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)旭是(shi)一位純粹的(de)藝(yi)術家,他把滿腔情感(gan)傾注在點畫之(zhi)間,旁若無(wu)人(ren),如醉如癡,如癲如狂(kuang)。唐(tang)韓愈《送高閑上人(ren)序(xu)》中(zhong)贊之(zhi):“喜怒、窘窮、憂(you)悲、愉佚、怨恨、思慕、酣醉、無(wu)聊、不(bu)平,有(you)動于(yu)心,必(bi)于(yu)草(cao)(cao)書(shu)(shu)(shu)焉發之(zhi)。觀(guan)于(yu)物,見(jian)山水(shui)崖谷(gu)、鳥獸蟲(chong)魚、草(cao)(cao)木之(zhi)花(hua)實(shi)、日月列星(xing)、風雨水(shui)火、雷霆(ting)霹靂、歌舞(wu)戰斗、天地(di)事物之(zhi)變(bian)(bian),可喜可愕(e),一寓于(yu)書(shu)(shu)(shu),故旭之(zhi)書(shu)(shu)(shu),變(bian)(bian)動猶鬼(gui)神(shen),不(bu)可端倪,以(yi)此(ci)終其(qi)身而名(ming)后(hou)世。”這是(shi)一位真正的(de)藝(yi)術家對(dui)藝(yi)術的(de)執(zhi)著的(de)真實(shi)寫(xie)照。難怪后(hou)人(ren)論及唐(tang)人(ren)書(shu)(shu)(shu)法(fa)(fa),對(dui)歐、虞、褚(chu)、顏、柳、素等均有(you)褒貶,唯對(dui)張(zhang)(zhang)(zhang)旭無(wu)不(bu)贊嘆不(bu)已,這是(shi)藝(yi)術史上絕(jue)無(wu)僅有(you)的(de)。