張旭(xu)的(de)《草(cao)書(shu)心(xin)(xin)經》最早(zao)見(jian)于《碑(bei)(bei)刻拔萃》,其《唐草(cao)心(xin)(xin)經》碑(bei)(bei)目下寫明張旭(xu),此前碑(bei)(bei)林(lin)中有明成化年間知(zhi)府孫仁從百塔(ta)寺移來的(de)《草(cao)書(shu)心(xin)(xin)經》,《關中金石(shi)文字存逸考》對(dui)這兩種(zhong)草(cao)書(shu)“心(xin)(xin)經”都錄,其“心(xin)(xin)經、肚痛帖、千文斷碑(bei)(bei)”條下注“均張旭(xu)草(cao)書(shu),無年月(yue)”,并稱“右三石(shi)均在(zai)西安碑(bei)(bei)林(lin)”。張旭(xu)的(de)《草(cao)書(shu)心(xin)(xin)經》最晚見(jian)于民國三年(1914年)《碑(bei)(bei)林(lin)碑(bei)(bei)目表》,但此后便(bian)下落(luo)不明了。
觀自在菩(pu)(pu)薩,行深般(ban)若波(bo)(bo)羅(luo)(luo)蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)多時(shi),照見五蘊皆空(kong),度一(yi)切(qie)苦厄。舍利子,色(se)不異(yi)(yi)空(kong),空(kong)不異(yi)(yi)色(se),色(se)即(ji)是(shi)(shi)空(kong),空(kong)即(ji)是(shi)(shi)色(se),受(shou)想(xiang)行識,亦(yi)復如是(shi)(shi)。舍利子,是(shi)(shi)諸(zhu)法空(kong)相,不生(sheng)不滅(mie),不垢不凈,不增不減。是(shi)(shi)故(gu)空(kong)中無(wu)色(se),無(wu)受(shou)想(xiang)行識,無(wu)眼耳(er)鼻(bi)舌身意(yi),無(wu)色(se)聲香(xiang)味觸法,無(wu)眼界,乃至(zhi)無(wu)意(yi)識界,無(wu)無(wu)明(ming),亦(yi)無(wu)無(wu)明(ming)盡,乃至(zhi)無(wu)老死,亦(yi)無(wu)老死盡。無(wu)苦集滅(mie)道,無(wu)智(zhi)亦(yi)無(wu)得。以無(wu)所得故(gu)。菩(pu)(pu)提(ti)薩埵(duo),依(yi)般(ban)若波(bo)(bo)羅(luo)(luo)蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)多故(gu),心無(wu)掛礙(ai)。無(wu)掛礙(ai)故(gu),無(wu)有恐怖(bu),遠離(li)顛倒夢想(xiang),究竟涅(nie)盤。三(san)(san)世諸(zhu)佛,依(yi)般(ban)若波(bo)(bo)羅(luo)(luo)蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)多故(gu),得阿耨多羅(luo)(luo)三(san)(san)藐三(san)(san)菩(pu)(pu)提(ti)。故(gu)知般(ban)若波(bo)(bo)羅(luo)(luo)蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)多,是(shi)(shi)大神咒,是(shi)(shi)大明(ming)咒,是(shi)(shi)無(wu)上咒,是(shi)(shi)無(wu)等等咒,能(neng)除一(yi)切(qie)苦,真(zhen)實(shi)不虛(xu)。故(gu)說(shuo)般(ban)若波(bo)(bo)羅(luo)(luo)蜜(mi)(mi)(mi)多咒,即(ji)說(shuo)咒曰(yue):揭(jie)(jie)諦(di)(di)揭(jie)(jie)諦(di)(di),波(bo)(bo)羅(luo)(luo)揭(jie)(jie)諦(di)(di),波(bo)(bo)羅(luo)(luo)僧揭(jie)(jie)諦(di)(di),菩(pu)(pu)提(ti)薩婆訶。
凡(fan)人(ren)(ren)要度苦厄,了生(sheng)死,成大(da)覺,非從自(zi)(zi)心(xin)(xin)下手(shou)不可。但(dan)要明白自(zi)(zi)心(xin)(xin),只(zhi)依這二百六十個(ge)字,已經(jing)夠了。但(dan)空的(de)(de)道(dao)理(li)不明白,自(zi)(zi)心(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)相貌也難(nan)徹了。這個(ge)經(jing),最(zui)主要是說(shuo)性空的(de)(de)道(dao)理(li),不是世(shi)人(ren)(ren)所說(shuo)的(de)(de)空,那是斷滅(mie)空,他們誤解佛法(fa)是消極自(zi)(zi)了的(de)(de)。今把此經(jing)判分七段,用(yong)(yong)白話來逐字逐句解釋(shi),使(shi)世(shi)人(ren)(ren)明白空的(de)(de)真義,不至誤會造業。由(you)此斷一切苦厄,并可發(fa)大(da)悲平等心(xin)(xin)救世(shi),證明佛法(fa)在(zai)社會上的(de)(de)大(da)用(yong)(yong),實是開發(fa)世(shi)界大(da)同唯一的(de)(de)法(fa)寶。
【般(ban)若(ruo)(ruo)】這(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)梵文(wen),我國名為(wei)大智(zhi)慧。因(yin)(yin)為(wei)中國文(wen)字(zi)難盡(jin)其(qi)義(yi)(yi),所(suo)(suo)以仍用原文(wen),并且尊(zun)重這(zhe)(zhe)幾個字(zi),所(suo)(suo)以不譯。這(zhe)(zhe)個般(ban)若(ruo)(ruo),全是(shi)(shi)(shi)說心的(de)(de)妙(miao)用。上自佛(fo)(fo),下至(zhi)眾(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng),無(wu)不由此而成佛(fo)(fo)道(dao),了生(sheng)死,度苦厄(e)。論其(qi)性體,是(shi)(shi)(shi)不生(sheng)不滅的(de)(de)金剛(gang);論其(qi)相貌,卻(que)是(shi)(shi)(shi)無(wu)形無(wu)狀(zhuang)的(de)(de)實相;論其(qi)妙(miao)用,乃是(shi)(shi)(shi)不可測知的(de)(de)圓通神(shen)妙(miao)。這(zhe)(zhe)個般(ban)若(ruo)(ruo),是(shi)(shi)(shi)人人有(you)(you)分的(de)(de),佛(fo)(fo)和眾(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)都是(shi)(shi)(shi)平等的(de)(de);不過佛(fo)(fo)是(shi)(shi)(shi)開了般(ban)若(ruo)(ruo)慧,眾(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)是(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)而不開,被無(wu)明所(suo)(suo)蒙住(zhu)了。至(zhi)于般(ban)若(ruo)(ruo)兩個字(zi),解釋卻(que)有(you)(you)許多字(zi),當云(yun)“通達世(shi)(shi)間(jian)法(fa)出(chu)世(shi)(shi)間(jian)法(fa),融通無(wu)礙,恰到好(hao)處,而又不執取(qu)諸法(fa)的(de)(de)大智(zhi)慧。”才能盡(jin)其(qi)義(yi)(yi)。因(yin)(yin)為(wei)世(shi)(shi)間(jian)法(fa)人事(shi)等等,都是(shi)(shi)(shi)佛(fo)(fo)法(fa)。佛(fo)(fo)是(shi)(shi)(shi)覺(jue)義(yi)(yi),能覺(jue)悟世(shi)(shi)上一(yi)切人情世(shi)(shi)故。盡(jin)了人道(dao),才可成佛(fo)(fo)。總之(zhi),入世(shi)(shi)出(chu)世(shi)(shi),只是(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)心,顛倒煩惱,貪嗔(chen)癡迷,是(shi)(shi)(shi)六道(dao)眾(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)的(de)(de)心;如(ru)能空凈自在,不固執,便是(shi)(shi)(shi)佛(fo)(fo)菩薩的(de)(de)心。所(suo)(suo)以離世(shi)(shi)法(fa),便沒有(you)(you)佛(fo)(fo)法(fa);離了般(ban)若(ruo)(ruo),只有(you)(you)作孽受(shou)苦厄(e)的(de)(de)分了。
【波羅(luo)】此(ci)言(yan)彼(bi)岸(an);因為有(you)(you)個度字,所以(yi)假定一條生死河,眾(zhong)生在苦惱的此(ci)岸(an),要度過(guo)到(dao)清凈的彼(bi)岸(an),用(yong)來(lai)比喻,不是(shi)真有(you)(you)此(ci)岸(an)彼(bi)岸(an)。
【蜜】是(shi)到的意思,是(shi)到了果(guo)位了。果(guo)位是(shi)究竟涅盤(pan),涅盤(pan)就是(shi)清凈(jing)。
【多】是(shi)上(shang)面(mian)的意思。到彼岸(an)之上(shang),才(cai)是(shi)究(jiu)竟(jing)。現在(zai)(zai)假分(fen)五步:第(di)(di)一步在(zai)(zai)此岸(an);第(di)(di)二步入流(liu),是(shi)下了(le)渡(du)船(chuan)了(le),是(shi)初(chu)發心(xin)的人,亦是(shi)初(chu)果羅漢;第(di)(di)三(san)步是(shi)中流(liu),船(chuan)在(zai)(zai)河中間,如聲(sheng)聞緣(yuan)覺;第(di)(di)四步到了(le)彼岸(an),是(shi)十(shi)地以下的菩薩(sa)(sa),終(zhong)不是(shi)究(jiu)竟(jing);必第(di)(di)五步上(shang)岸(an),“多”舍去了(le)船(chuan),即是(shi)舍去了(le)法見,掃除了(le)執心(xin),斯是(shi)了(le)無掛(gua)礙的等覺菩薩(sa)(sa)和(he)佛。
【心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)】心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)什么(me)(me)?是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)個影子(zi),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)說(shuo)有(you),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)說(shuo)無:所(suo)(suo)以(yi)無形段,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)過是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)六根(gen)(眼、耳、鼻(bi)(bi)、舌、身、意)和(he)六塵(色、聲、香、味、觸、法(fa))相對起(qi)了(le)認識(shi)(shi),叫做六識(shi)(shi)(眼識(shi)(shi)、耳識(shi)(shi)、鼻(bi)(bi)識(shi)(shi)、舌識(shi)(shi)、身識(shi)(shi)、意識(shi)(shi)),所(suo)(suo)以(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)集(ji)起(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。就是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)同外境集(ji)合而(er)緣起(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)幻(huan)(huan)影,即(ji)名(ming)幻(huan)(huan)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin);心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)中起(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)道(dao)理,叫做幻(huan)(huan)法(fa);執(zhi)住個幻(huan)(huan)我成個幻(huan)(huan)見(jian),于是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)成熟了(le),就有(you)六道(dao)生(sheng)(sheng)死(si)。但造(zao)成這(zhe)(zhe)個生(sheng)(sheng)死(si)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)幻(huan)(huan)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin),要(yao)開般(ban)若智慧(hui)了(le)脫生(sheng)(sheng)死(si)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),還(huan)(huan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)要(yao)用(yong)(yong)這(zhe)(zhe)幻(huan)(huan)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin);成到(dao)佛(涅(nie)(nie)盤(pan)(pan)),也(ye)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)用(yong)(yong)這(zhe)(zhe)幻(huan)(huan)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin),你既然(ran)(ran)知道(dao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)幻(huan)(huan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),那么(me)(me)就有(you)幻(huan)(huan)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)造(zao)成幻(huan)(huan)法(fa),一切人(ren)事(shi)(shi)等等,六道(dao)生(sheng)(sheng)死(si)涅(nie)(nie)盤(pan)(pan),還(huan)(huan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一樣(yang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)幻(huan)(huan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)?由此可(ke)覺本(ben)來沒有(you)生(sheng)(sheng)死(si),都(dou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)冤枉造(zao)作。既無生(sheng)(sheng)死(si),就用(yong)(yong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)著涅(nie)(nie)盤(pan)(pan)了(le),所(suo)(suo)以(yi)說(shuo)諸法(fa)空相,涅(nie)(nie)盤(pan)(pan)生(sheng)(sheng)死(si)等空華,即(ji)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)此意。但又為什么(me)(me)分(fen)真心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)妄(wang)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)呢?這(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)得已而(er)替初學(xue)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)人(ren)說(shuo),其實心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin),根(gen)本(ben)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)有(you),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)得,又分(fen)什么(me)(me)真和(he)妄(wang)呢?不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)過幻(huan)(huan)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)除,人(ren)事(shi)(shi)上(shang)一切的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)幻(huan)(huan)用(yong)(yong)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)廢,所(suo)(suo)以(yi)權分(fen)真心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)妄(wang)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)。真心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)無心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)之(zhi)(zhi)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin),何以(yi)叫無心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)之(zhi)(zhi)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)呢?即(ji)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)起(qi)念時,而(er)見(jian)聞覺知仍(reng)舊了(le)了(le),卻無分(fen)別(bie),寂(ji)然(ran)(ran)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)動的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),此是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)真心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin);如一起(qi)了(le)念,分(fen)別(bie)人(ren)事(shi)(shi),而(er)可(ke)以(yi)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)顛倒,亦不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)逐境流浪,頓(dun)然(ran)(ran)歸(gui)到(dao)無心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)本(ben)位,此還(huan)(huan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)真心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)。至于念念流浪,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)覺漸漸入了(le)迷途,此名(ming)妄(wang)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin),但本(ben)體(ti)勿失的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。這(zhe)(zhe)部(bu)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)經(jing),就教你凜覺的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)法(fa)子(zi),用(yong)(yong)智慧(hui)觀(guan)照什么(me)(me)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)?什么(me)(me)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)苦厄(e)?又如何回(hui)歸(gui)到(dao)清凈寂(ji)滅(mie)無心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)之(zhi)(zhi)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)本(ben)位?所(suo)(suo)以(yi)名(ming)為般(ban)若波羅蜜多心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)經(jing)。
【經】有許(xu)多(duo)意思:如(ru)“路”,指(zhi)示我(wo)們回復真心之路的(de)(de)(de);“法”,一切(qie)方(fang)法;“貫”,貫通前后的(de)(de)(de)義理;“契”,契合各(ge)人的(de)(de)(de)機,各(ge)事的(de)(de)(de)理,有這幾(ji)種解釋。現在(zai)二(er)百六十個字,是文(wen)字般(ban)(ban)若,指(zhi)示我(wo)們觀照(zhao)(zhao)般(ban)(ban)若的(de)(de)(de)方(fang)法;照(zhao)(zhao)此去做,實證實相般(ban)(ban)若的(de)(de)(de)究竟,總不出眾生心行中事,所以經是完全指(zhi)我(wo)們自身(shen)而說的(de)(de)(de)。
此經(jing)共有(you)七(qi)個(ge)(ge)翻譯,這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)唐朝三藏大師(shi)玄奘所譯,文(wen)(wen)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)簡(jian)單(dan)的(de)(de)(de)(de),義是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)深奧的(de)(de)(de)(de)。雖有(you)七(qi)譯,意義是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)。讀經(jing)當重意義,不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)徒在文(wen)(wen)字(zi)(zi)上(shang)死(si)執。此經(jing)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)替大乘(cheng)菩(pu)薩登佛位說的(de)(de)(de)(de),表至(zhi)高(gao)無(wu)上(shang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)佛境(jing),意境(jing)只有(you)自(zi)己(ji)(ji)曉得,說不(bu)(bu)(bu)出的(de)(de)(de)(de),所以(yi)叫做無(wu)字(zi)(zi)真經(jing)。并不(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)真的(de)(de)(de)(de)無(wu)字(zi)(zi),愿學人自(zi)己(ji)(ji)領會自(zi)己(ji)(ji)的(de)(de)(de)(de)境(jing)界(jie),到了如何地位;至(zhi)于佛的(de)(de)(de)(de)境(jing)界(jie),卻不(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)二乘(cheng)人或十地以(yi)下的(de)(de)(de)(de)菩(pu)薩可(ke)以(yi)測知的(de)(de)(de)(de)。我(wo)們東土人,大乘(cheng)根器多(duo)而厚,所以(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)論(lun)男的(de)(de)(de)(de)女的(de)(de)(de)(de),識字(zi)(zi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)識字(zi)(zi),都喜歡讀這(zhe)個(ge)(ge)經(jing);譬(pi)如人聞(wen)香,個(ge)(ge)個(ge)(ge)人知道香味好,但(dan)多(duo)半不(bu)(bu)(bu)知道是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)什么香;而受薰是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)平等的(de)(de)(de)(de),所以(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)可(ke)思議(yi)。以(yi)上(shang)釋題竟。
【觀(guan)(guan)(guan)】定下(xia)了心(xin),運想那個道(dao)理(li)叫做觀(guan)(guan)(guan)。這個觀(guan)(guan)(guan),是(shi)已(yi)證到果地圓成(cheng)的(de)妙觀(guan)(guan)(guan),不是(shi)因地初(chu)修作觀(guan)(guan)(guan)的(de)觀(guan)(guan)(guan),是(shi)大(da)自在觀(guan)(guan)(guan),般若(ruo)的(de)大(da)機大(da)用(yong)已(yi)經啟發,心(xin)無(wu)能觀(guan)(guan)(guan),亦無(wu)所觀(guan)(guan)(guan),是(shi)能所雙(shuang)忘的(de)妙觀(guan)(guan)(guan)。
【自在(zai)】是(shi)無可(ke)無不可(ke)的(de)(de)自在(zai),不是(shi)自由。自由是(shi)不肯受拘(ju)束的(de)(de),但(dan)環境不如你的(de)(de)意思(si),便苦了。獨有(you)自在(zai),是(shi)到處能安,自然地(di)不受環境所困,一切好(hao)壞隨(sui)緣;樂(le)亦不喜,苦亦不惱,知(zhi)道他是(shi)本來空,自己(ji)有(you)主宰的(de)(de)。這個自在(zai),是(shi)指大自在(zai)。
【菩薩(sa)(sa)】是(shi)(shi)(shi)菩提薩(sa)(sa)埵的(de)(de)(de)簡稱(cheng),能自己(ji)覺(jue)悟,再能覺(jue)悟人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)謂(wei)之菩薩(sa)(sa);所以是(shi)(shi)(shi)人(ren)天的(de)(de)(de)導師,為三(san)界(jie)(jie)的(de)(de)(de)善知識。三(san)界(jie)(jie)是(shi)(shi)(shi):(一)欲界(jie)(jie),由人(ren)的(de)(de)(de)一部分下至(zhi)五道;(二)色界(jie)(jie),指天道;(三(san))無色界(jie)(jie),指禪天;總是(shi)(shi)(shi)在(zai)六道中。菩薩(sa)(sa)分在(zai)家,出(chu)家,地(di)(di)前,登(deng)地(di)(di),十地(di)(di)等覺(jue),最高是(shi)(shi)(shi)一生補處(chu)菩薩(sa)(sa),就是(shi)(shi)(shi)佛(fo)退位(wei)(wei)后,他來接位(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de),如此(ci)土(tu)的(de)(de)(de)彌(mi)勒佛(fo),西方的(de)(de)(de)觀世(shi)音(yin)大(da)(da)士。這(zhe)個菩薩(sa)(sa),是(shi)(shi)(shi)指十地(di)(di)等覺(jue)將登(deng)佛(fo)位(wei)(wei)的(de)(de)(de)大(da)(da)自在(zai)菩薩(sa)(sa)。
【行】心(xin)行,心(xin)中(zhong)起種(zhong)(zhong)種(zhong)(zhong)妙觀妙行的大用,作種(zhong)(zhong)種(zhong)(zhong)自利(li)利(li)他(ta)二事業。
【深(shen)(shen)】不(bu)是深(shen)(shen)淺的深(shen)(shen),是不(bu)可測量的意思,圓遍廣大(da),究竟無上的妙行。
【般(ban)若波羅(luo)蜜多】上面已(yi)經解釋過了(le),就(jiu)說菩薩(sa)的功行,已(yi)到究竟地,登彼岸之上了(le)。
【時(shi)】這(zhe)時(shi)字關系甚大(da),顯明(ming)到了這(zhe)個境(jing)界的時(shi)候(hou),正是果位(wei)的時(shi)候(hou),已經斷除一切煩惱,度盡(jin)苦(ku)厄,沒(mei)有掛礙的了。在(zai)下兩句(ju)“照(zhao)見五蘊皆空(kong),度一切苦(ku)厄”之后的意(yi)境(jing),點明(ming)大(da)自在(zai)的光景,不可草草。
【照見】朗然覺照,徹見無余(yu)的意思,是無功(gong)用的功(gong)用,毫不著意的覺照,心神會通的了。
【五蘊(yun)】指色(se)(se)(se)(se)、受(shou)(shou)、想(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)、行(xing)、識,這(zhe)五事蘊(yun)結不分,叫(jiao)做五蘊(yun)。此言心(xin)(xin)和外(wai)境相(xiang)(xiang)蘊(yun)合,統名曰色(se)(se)(se)(se)。一個(ge)色(se)(se)(se)(se)字,包括五個(ge)字在內,并且包括外(wai)面一切(qie)一切(qie)有相(xiang)(xiang)相(xiang)(xiang)形(xing)形(xing)色(se)(se)(se)(se)色(se)(se)(se)(se),內面無相(xiang)(xiang)相(xiang)(xiang)思(si)想(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)方(fang)面都(dou)在內。外(wai)境原是(shi)(shi)(shi)色(se)(se)(se)(se),而我(wo)的(de)眼、耳、鼻、舌、身、意(yi)也是(shi)(shi)(shi)色(se)(se)(se)(se);外(wai)色(se)(se)(se)(se)和內色(se)(se)(se)(se)接觸(chu)了(le),就(jiu)有個(ge)受(shou)(shou);既受(shou)(shou)了(le),就(jiu)要去想(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)象他,這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)想(xiang)(xiang)(xiang);想(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)到(dao)了(le),心(xin)(xin)中一行(xing)轉念,這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)行(xing);轉出那知識來(lai),就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)識;所以(yi)受(shou)(shou)想(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)行(xing)識四個(ge)也還(huan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)色(se)(se)(se)(se),總是(shi)(shi)(shi)幻(huan)心(xin)(xin)幻(huan)起的(de)作用(yong),成就(jiu)種(zhong)種(zhong)的(de)幻(huan)法。這(zhe)個(ge)五蘊(yun),是(shi)(shi)(shi)眾生(sheng)造(zao)孽受(shou)(shou)苦(ku)成立六道生(sheng)死(si)(si)的(de)資本,但(dan)也是(shi)(shi)(shi)開般若,除習(xi)氣,度苦(ku)厄,了(le)生(sheng)死(si)(si)的(de)工(gong)
具,也就是佛菩薩(sa)(sa)成(cheng)大覺度眾生(sheng)(sheng)的工具。同(tong)要用五蘊(yun),只是佛菩薩(sa)(sa)能(neng)照(zhao)見本空(kong),可以善用,不(bu)(bu)被所轉,眾生(sheng)(sheng)反被所縛(fu);是在覺不(bu)(bu)覺,明空(kong)不(bu)(bu)明空(kong)之別,不(bu)(bu)要指定為(wei)不(bu)(bu)好(hao)的東西,反生(sheng)(sheng)了偏見。
【皆】統(tong)統(tong)包盡無(wu)余,就是一切的意思。不但人空,法(fa)亦空,連照見亦空,因(yin)為(wei)照見亦是五蘊,所以稱皆。
【空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)】世上(shang)的人(ren),往(wang)(wang)往(wang)(wang)不明白空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)的道理,籠統說:空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)就是(shi)沒(mei)有了(le)(le)。不知“空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)”有空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)間、虛(xu)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)、空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)相、空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)義(yi)種種的分別。今分為兩種:一空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)相,是(shi)有相的,如空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)屋,人(ren)滿了(le)(le),空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)相破了(le)(le),所以(yi)“有”與“空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)”是(shi)相對的,這就是(shi)世人(ren)說的沒(mei)有就是(shi)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)了(le)(le)。經上(shang)另有十八空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)義(yi),不必盡說。
至(zhi)于佛(fo)經上(shang)所(suo)說的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)“空(kong)”,是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)空(kong)義,是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)性(xing)(xing)空(kong),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)本來(lai)空(kong),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)與一切(qie)(qie)萬有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)和(he)合的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)對(dui)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)沒有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)而空(kong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。要明(ming)白這(zhe)個(ge)(ge)(ge)空(kong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意義,先得(de)明(ming)白幾(ji)點(dian):所(suo)謂宇宙間一切(qie)(qie)形形色(se)色(se),山河大地,日月星辰,下至(zhi)一切(qie)(qie)用物(wu)(wu)(wu)、植物(wu)(wu)(wu)、動物(wu)(wu)(wu)和(he)我(wo)(wo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)身體,都是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang);還有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)我(wo)(wo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)思(si)想、道理、人事、人情(qing)、喜怒(nu)哀樂(le),都是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)無(wu)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang);一切(qie)(qie)包括(kuo)在(zai)內,總名曰色(se),在(zai)因(yin)地上(shang)總是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)空(kong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。因(yin)為以(yi)(yi)(yi)上(shang)一切(qie)(qie)色(se),尋不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)出一件是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)獨立自性(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。第(di)一說有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de):拿布(bu)(bu)來(lai)比,布(bu)(bu)沒有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)獨立自性(xing)(xing),變成為布(bu)(bu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),須(xu)依于紗(sha)(sha)(sha)線(xian)而成;紗(sha)(sha)(sha)線(xian)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能自為紗(sha)(sha)(sha)線(xian),必待棉(mian)花;棉(mian)花不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能自有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you),必由種(zhong)子;種(zhong)子不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能自種(zhong),必賴人工天時(shi)(shi)地肥(fei)等等。不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)必分(fen)析開(kai)來(lai)才空(kong),在(zai)未成布(bu)(bu)成紗(sha)(sha)(sha)前,及正(zheng)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)布(bu)(bu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)紗(sha)(sha)(sha)時(shi)(shi),他的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)本身是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)由眾(zhong)緣和(he)合而成;因(yin)為是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)因(yin)緣生,所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)無(wu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)實(shi)體,求其究竟相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang),畢(bi)竟不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可得(de),身體亦(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)如此(ci)。所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)一切(qie)(qie)一切(qie)(qie),無(wu)自性(xing)(xing),無(wu)實(shi)體,因(yin)緣生,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可得(de)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)性(xing)(xing)空(kong)。第(di)二說無(wu)相(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de):拿心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)來(lai)說,心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)什么?根本是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you),但只集起(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)。譬如夏天涼爽的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)席上(shang),人睡得(de)甜美之(zhi)極,這(zhe)時(shi)(shi)候便沒有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)我(wo)(wo),沒有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin);忽然蚊(wen)蟲(chong)咬了一口覺得(de)了,這(zhe)覺得(de)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)便是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)蚊(wen)蟲(chong)和(he)我(wo)(wo)集合而起(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)。此(ci)外一切(qie)(qie)都同此(ci)理,所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)也是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)無(wu)自性(xing)(xing),因(yin)緣生,無(wu)實(shi)體,不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)可得(de)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)性(xing)(xing)空(kong)。因(yin)此(ci)物(wu)(wu)(wu)和(he)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin),無(wu)一不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)空(kong)。但是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)而空(kong),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)幻(huan)(huan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)性(xing)(xing)空(kong),和(he)一切(qie)(qie)一切(qie)(qie)分(fen)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)開(kai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de);不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)心(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)(xin)物(wu)(wu)(wu)之(zhi)外另有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)個(ge)(ge)(ge)空(kong),也不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)這(zhe)個(ge)(ge)(ge)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)空(kong),那(nei)個(ge)(ge)(ge)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)空(kong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)說到色(se),即不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能離開(kai)空(kong);說到空(kong),就(jiu)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能離開(kai)一切(qie)(qie)色(se)。但要認明(ming)卻是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)緣生幻(huan)(huan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you),又須(xu)切(qie)(qie)實(shi)知道這(zhe)個(ge)(ge)(ge)空(kong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)因(yin)地本來(lai)空(kong),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)性(xing)(xing)空(kong),非眼(yan)耳可以(yi)(yi)(yi)見聞,其義實(shi)空(kong)。
既決定知道一(yi)(yi)切一(yi)(yi)切是(shi)(shi)(shi)本(ben)空(kong)(kong)(kong)而幻有,那又何必執取(qu)當他是(shi)(shi)(shi)實呢!但(dan)世上一(yi)(yi)切人(ren)事(shi),如何可(ke)廢,我仍(reng)隨緣應付;不(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)麻木無(wu)心(xin),只是(shi)(shi)(shi)勿住,行云流水的到(dao)處自(zi)在,這才(cai)是(shi)(shi)(shi)真心(xin)空(kong)(kong)(kong)。佛說空(kong)(kong)(kong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)這個道理,世上盲目妄加(jia)批評,豈(qi)(qi)不(bu)可(ke)惜!世人(ren)果能(neng)明空(kong)(kong)(kong),自(zi)然心(xin)勿執取(qu),那貪得心(xin),嗔恨心(xin),癡迷心(xin),自(zi)不(bu)會深入,天下沒有極端的爭(zheng)奪了。佛法豈(qi)(qi)不(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)社會上最大(da)的利益,有什么迷信可(ke)說呢!又修(xiu)行人(ren)往往有口頭禪(chan),說:“莫著了空(kong)(kong)(kong)!”這是(shi)(shi)(shi)怕他執著空(kong)(kong)(kong)見(jian),正(zheng)因為他根本(ben)不(bu)曾明空(kong)(kong)(kong),總在空(kong)(kong)(kong)有二見(jian)上作(zuo)道理,格(ge)外(wai)攪擾不(bu)清了。所(suo)以(yi)明空(kong)(kong)(kong)則破(po)色,破(po)色則心(xin)空(kong)(kong)(kong),這是(shi)(shi)(shi)斷苦厄的第一(yi)(yi)法門!
【度】超脫的(de)意思(si),就(jiu)是登彼岸之上(shang),法見(jian)都凈了也(ye)。
【一切】包羅(luo)所(suo)有,凈盡無余,凡(fan)有相(xiang)無相(xiang),人我法(fa)我種種苦(ku)厄,盡包在內。
【苦(ku)(ku)厄】身上(shang)的(de)痛苦(ku)(ku),心(xin)上(shang)的(de)不(bu)安,有相無相,粗細微細,都是苦(ku)(ku)厄。其實全由心(xin)起,我(wo)果無心(xin),苦(ku)(ku)在(zai)何(he)(he)處(chu)?心(xin)果無見,厄在(zai)何(he)(he)處(chu)?不(bu)是不(bu)知(zhi)(zhi),不(bu)是不(bu)受(shou);因(yin)為有智(zhi)慧知(zhi)(zhi)道本來(lai)空,能夠(gou)知(zhi)(zhi)而有若(ruo)無知(zhi)(zhi),受(shou)而等于不(bu)受(shou);譬如兩個人同時(shi)受(shou)苦(ku)(ku),一個擋不(bu)住,甚至苦(ku)(ku)上(shang)加苦(ku)(ku),因(yin)苦(ku)(ku)成(cheng)病(bing);一個卻(que)無所謂(wei),心(xin)不(bu)著意(yi),便無苦(ku)(ku)厄了(le)。
以上四句(ju)判(pan)為(wei)總持分,是(shi)第一段,總三(san)藏十二部經一切法,持無量(liang)義(yi),亦是(shi)此經綱領。通了(le)(le)(le)這四句(ju),就(jiu)明(ming)白心經宗旨(zhi)了(le)(le)(le)。照此做去,自然(ran)度(du)苦厄,了(le)(le)(le)生死,出(chu)三(san)界(jie),成(cheng)佛(fo)道,綽乎有(you)余的了(le)(le)(le)。凡不明(ming)心要(yao)的人,總在文字上會,不肯(ken)從自心上會;弄得沒有(you)辦(ban)法時,只好(hao)今日求佛(fo),明(ming)日求法;下此者(zhe),求福(fu)報,求神通,死要(yao)一個(ge)有(you)相的憑據,離佛(fo)道更(geng)遠了(le)(le)(le)。深(shen)入迷(mi)途,豈不可痛!
【舍(she)利(li)子(zi)】佛弟子(zi)的名字,即是舍(she)利(li)弗;在(zai)聲聞乘中,他是智慧第一。
【色(se)(se)(se)不(bu)(bu)異(yi)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong),空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)不(bu)(bu)異(yi)色(se)(se)(se),色(se)(se)(se)即(ji)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong),空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)即(ji)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)色(se)(se)(se),受想(xiang)行(xing)識,亦(yi)復(fu)如是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)】首四句實是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個意(yi)思,總(zong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)色(se)(se)(se)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)不(bu)(bu)二的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)道(dao)理。初說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)不(bu)(bu)異(yi),說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)沒(mei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)兩樣的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),還是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)方(fang)便的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo);后說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)即(ji)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個,不(bu)(bu)能(neng)分的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)究(jiu)竟說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo);斬金截鐵,毫無(wu)猶(you)豫。色(se)(se)(se)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個字,不(bu)(bu)單是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)代表(biao)五(wu)蘊(yun),連外面宇(yu)宙(zhou)萬(wan)(wan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)形(xing)形(xing)色(se)(se)(se)色(se)(se)(se)都包在內。因(yin)(yin)為宇(yu)宙(zhou)萬(wan)(wan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you),就(jiu)(jiu)沒(mei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)離了我的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)性海(hai),渾(hun)同一(yi)(yi)(yi)體,盡是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)色(se)(se)(se);而我的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)受、想(xiang)、行(xing)、識,是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)無(wu)相(xiang)(xiang)相(xiang)(xiang),也(ye)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)色(se)(se)(se)。這內外兩種(zhong)色(se)(se)(se),都是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)因(yin)(yin)緣生,無(wu)自性,無(wu)實體,不(bu)(bu)可(ke)得,根本是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)性空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)。現下雖是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)幻有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you),畢(bi)竟不(bu)(bu)可(ke)得的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),所(suo)以(yi)即(ji)色(se)(se)(se)即(ji)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong),并不(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)色(se)(se)(se)之外另(ling)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)個空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)。參透上面所(suo)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)義,就(jiu)(jiu)知道(dao)這個意(yi)義了。所(suo)以(yi)心的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形(xing)形(xing)種(zhong)種(zhong),亦(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)五(wu)蘊(yun)流轉;而色(se)(se)(se)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形(xing)形(xing)種(zhong)種(zhong),全(quan)似空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)華的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)亂起亂滅,如電影的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)幕一(yi)(yi)(yi)幕,總(zong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)而不(bu)(bu)可(ke)得。你莫把這四句看作(zuo)玄(xuan)妙,實是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)極普通極尋常的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)道(dao)理。你只認明(ming)(ming)“一(yi)(yi)(yi)切是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)因(yin)(yin)緣生,無(wu)自性,無(wu)實體,不(bu)(bu)可(ke)得,所(suo)以(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)性空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)”。不(bu)(bu)但色(se)(se)(se)如是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),受、想(xiang)、行(xing)、識四蘊(yun)也(ye)如是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi);不(bu)(bu)但五(wu)蘊(yun)如是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),宇(yu)宙(zhou)萬(wan)(wan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)相(xiang)(xiang)相(xiang)(xiang),和下面一(yi)(yi)(yi)切法(fa),如十八界(jie),十二因(yin)(yin)緣,四諦法(fa),六度萬(wan)(wan)行(xing)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)智得等,是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)無(wu)相(xiang)(xiang)相(xiang)(xiang),一(yi)(yi)(yi)切皆(jie)復(fu)如是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)性空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)。但是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)凡(fan)夫執有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you),所(suo)以(yi)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)色(se)(se)(se)不(bu)(bu)異(yi)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong);二乘又(you)執空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong),所(suo)以(yi)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)不(bu)(bu)異(yi)色(se)(se)(se);還有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)菩薩未曾會通不(bu)(bu)二的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),所(suo)以(yi)說(shuo)(shuo)(shuo)色(se)(se)(se)即(ji)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong),空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)即(ji)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)色(se)(se)(se),總(zong)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)破(po)他們的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)法(fa)見。倘明(ming)(ming)白法(fa)見也(ye)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)本空(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong)(kong),就(jiu)(jiu)了無(wu)掛礙(ai)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)了。
以(yi)上七句(ju)判(pan)為色空(kong)分(fen),為第二段(duan),用(yong)以(yi)會通色空(kong)不二的道理。
【舍(she)利子】此時要點到本來上,在緊要關頭了,故又(you)呼(hu)其名而告之,是鄭重(zhong)的意思。
【是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)諸(zhu)(zhu)法(fa)空(kong)相】法(fa)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)什么?是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)心(xin)影(ying),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)心(xin)中(zhong)緣(yuan)起的(de)(de)種種道理。如果沒有(you)(you)對象(xiang),也(ye)就沒有(you)(you)心(xin)沒有(you)(you)法(fa)了,所以(yi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)因緣(yuan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)而不(bu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),無(wu)自性,無(wu)實物,不(bu)可得(de),本來是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)空(kong),不(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)造(zao)作出(chu)來的(de)(de)空(kong)。古人說(shuo):心(xin)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)法(fa)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),心(xin)滅(mie)(mie)法(fa)滅(mie)(mie),心(xin)既是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)幻,法(fa)豈是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)真!諸(zhu)(zhu)法(fa)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)說(shuo)一切(qie)法(fa),就是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一切(qie)心(xin)。世上的(de)(de)人,總是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)心(xin)緣(yuan)心(xin),以(yi)法(fa)緣(yuan)法(fa),不(bu)知本空(kong),遂(sui)當(dang)他實有(you)(you),彼此(ci)固執(zhi)住(zhu)了,爭執(zhi)就此(ci)多了。這個相字(zi),應作義(yi)字(zi)解,下面正點到不(bu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)不(bu)滅(mie)(mie)的(de)(de)原(yuan)理。
【不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)滅(mie)(mie)】佛經上(shang)最不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)容(rong)易了(le)解的(de)(de)(de)就(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)這一(yi)(yi)(yi)句,須(xu)知宇(yu)宙間(jian)一(yi)(yi)(yi)切(qie)一(yi)(yi)(yi)切(qie)連(lian)我(wo)的(de)(de)(de)思(si)想五(wu)蘊等等,都(dou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)滅(mie)(mie)的(de)(de)(de)。因(yin)為一(yi)(yi)(yi)切(qie)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi):(一(yi)(yi)(yi))不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)自(zi)(zi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),如(ru)上(shang)面說布不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)自(zi)(zi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)為布,是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)無自(zi)(zi)性的(de)(de)(de),須(xu)賴(lai)眾緣(yuan)(yuan)和合(he)而(er)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。(二)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)他生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)單靠他緣(yuan)(yuan),還(huan)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)離我(wo)這個(ge)(ge)(ge)布,所以也不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)他生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。那么是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(三)共(gong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)了(le)?不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)!也不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)共(gong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),因(yin)為兩(liang)面也都(dou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)緣(yuan)(yuan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),兩(liang)無實體,只(zhi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)偶合(he),所以也不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)共(gong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)。(四)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)無因(yin)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),現在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)假相(xiang),似乎是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),但必由因(yin)成(cheng)果(guo);沒(mei)有可以成(cheng)布的(de)(de)(de)因(yin),就(jiu)沒(mei)有成(cheng)布的(de)(de)(de)果(guo)。以此類推,一(yi)(yi)(yi)切(qie)一(yi)(yi)(yi)切(qie)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de),現在(zai)雖有相(xiang),終是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)而(er)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)。既不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),即不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)滅(mie)(mie);但現在(zai)的(de)(de)(de)假相(xiang),卻有個(ge)(ge)(ge)假滅(mie)(mie),只(zhi)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)自(zi)(zi)滅(mie)(mie),如(ru)布燒成(cheng)灰(hui),布不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)自(zi)(zi)燒;不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)他滅(mie)(mie),雖有火燒,終不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)能(neng)(neng)離了(le)布;不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)共(gong)滅(mie)(mie),不(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)(bu)無因(yin)滅(mie)(mie),都(dou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)個(ge)(ge)(ge)理,可以推想得到(dao)的(de)(de)(de)。
【不(bu)垢(gou)不(bu)凈,不(bu)增(zeng)不(bu)減】因(yin)為不(bu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)不(bu)滅,所(suo)(suo)(suo)以垢(gou)凈、增(zeng)減、長短、是(shi)非、好壞、來(lai)去,一(yi)對一(yi)對的(de)(de)都是(shi)因(yin)分別(bie)而(er)緣(yuan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),統統是(shi)幻有(you)(you)(you)(you)不(bu)可(ke)(ke)得,所(suo)(suo)(suo)有(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)相,本(ben)來(lai)是(shi)空(kong)相;因(yin)世事無(wu)一(yi)不(bu)由(you)相對而(er)成,苦惱也由(you)相對而(er)立(li)。倘知(zhi)根(gen)本(ben)是(shi)因(yin)緣(yuan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),無(wu)自性,無(wu)實體,不(bu)可(ke)(ke)得,根(gen)本(ben)是(shi)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)而(er)不(bu)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),不(bu)過(guo)暫時有(you)(you)(you)(you)這個虛妄相,那又何必執(zhi)(zhi)為實體呢?既不(bu)執(zhi)(zhi)有(you)(you)(you)(you),亦(yi)不(bu)廢有(you)(you)(you)(you);即一(yi)切法,離一(yi)切法;既此(ci)(ci)用,離此(ci)(ci)用;心如長空(kong)萬里,包羅一(yi)切,自在無(wu)住,此(ci)(ci)是(shi)諸法空(kong)相的(de)(de)本(ben)來(lai)面目(mu),亦(yi)即無(wu)心可(ke)(ke)心的(de)(de)本(ben)來(lai)面目(mu)。但眾(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)久已不(bu)知(zhi)的(de)(de)了,有(you)(you)(you)(you)全(quan)不(bu)知(zhi)者是(shi)六道(dao)眾(zhong)(zhong)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),半知(zhi)者是(shi)二乘,知(zhi)而(er)未(wei)徹者是(shi)菩(pu)薩,都是(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)掛礙。所(suo)(suo)(suo)謂有(you)(you)(you)(you)五(wu)部,有(you)(you)(you)(you)此(ci)(ci)岸,有(you)(you)(you)(you)入流,有(you)(you)(you)(you)中(zhong)流,有(you)(you)(you)(you)彼(bi)岸而(er)未(wei)登岸上
種種。以(yi)上(shang)五句,判(pan)為(wei)本來分,為(wei)第(di)三段,修行人最要緊是這一點,切(qie)勿忽過。
【是(shi)故】此(ci)是(shi)決定的(de)口(kou)氣。
【空(kong)中(zhong)無(wu)(wu)(wu)色(se)(se),無(wu)(wu)(wu)受想(xiang)行(xing)識(shi),無(wu)(wu)(wu)眼(yan)耳(er)鼻舌(she)身意(yi)(yi),無(wu)(wu)(wu)色(se)(se)聲(sheng)(sheng)香(xiang)(xiang)味觸(chu)(chu)法(fa)(fa),無(wu)(wu)(wu)眼(yan)界,乃(nai)至無(wu)(wu)(wu)意(yi)(yi)識(shi)界】既明(ming)白了(le)(le)空(kong)中(zhong)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)道(dao)理,那么空(kong)之(zhi)中(zhong)還有(you)什么實(shi)體(ti)可(ke)(ke)(ke)得呢(ni)?這“無(wu)(wu)(wu)”字(zi)有(you)兩個解釋:一是無(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you),是根本不(bu)(bu)有(you)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意(yi)(yi)思。二是毋的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)意(yi)(yi)思。因(yin)為(wei)現(xian)在雖有(you)幻(huan)(huan)相,但畢竟是無(wu)(wu)(wu),毋庸執取以(yi)(yi)(yi)為(wei)實(shi)有(you)而生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)法(fa)(fa)見,添(tian)許多(duo)煩(fan)惱。所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)五(wu)蘊(yun)(色(se)(se)、受、想(xiang)、行(xing)、識(shi))、六(liu)根(眼(yan)、耳(er)、鼻、舌(she)、身、意(yi)(yi))、六(liu)塵(chen)(色(se)(se)、聲(sheng)(sheng)、香(xiang)(xiang)、味、觸(chu)(chu)、法(fa)(fa))這是十二入,再加上(shang)六(liu)識(shi)(眼(yan)識(shi)、耳(er)識(shi)、鼻識(shi)、舌(she)識(shi)、身識(shi)、意(yi)(yi)識(shi))共為(wei)十八界,都是不(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)得;因(yin)為(wei)是緣(yuan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),無(wu)(wu)(wu)自性的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),無(wu)(wu)(wu)實(shi)體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de),不(bu)(bu)可(ke)(ke)(ke)得的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)。然而人(ren)(ren)既有(you)此(ci)幻(huan)(huan)身,自有(you)幻(huan)(huan)心作用(yong),不(bu)(bu)能斷滅;佛(fo)菩(pu)薩也要用(yong)以(yi)(yi)(yi)度眾生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),救世間無(wu)(wu)(wu)量苦,我人(ren)(ren)正要用(yong)此(ci)以(yi)(yi)(yi)開般若,了(le)(le)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)死(si),出三(san)(san)界,不(bu)(bu)過圣(sheng)人(ren)(ren)明(ming)白本來空(kong),所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)法(fa)(fa)執;眾生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)迷了(le)(le),遂生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)顛(dian)倒,這是眾生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)大掛(gua)(gua)(gua)礙。因(yin)為(wei)地獄眾生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng),掛(gua)(gua)(gua)礙在具足(zu)多(duo)分(fen)貪(tan)嗔癡,鬼道(dao)掛(gua)(gua)(gua)礙于(yu)(yu)多(duo)分(fen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)貪(tan),畜道(dao)掛(gua)(gua)(gua)礙于(yu)(yu)多(duo)分(fen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)癡,魔道(dao)掛(gua)(gua)(gua)礙于(yu)(yu)多(duo)分(fen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)嗔,人(ren)(ren)道(dao)掛(gua)(gua)(gua)礙于(yu)(yu)半分(fen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)貪(tan)嗔癡,天道(dao)掛(gua)(gua)(gua)礙于(yu)(yu)少分(fen)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)貪(tan)。這貪(tan)、嗔、癡三(san)(san)毒,都由六(liu)根六(liu)塵(chen)六(liu)識(shi)而起(qi),只一空(kong)字(zi)可(ke)(ke)(ke)以(yi)(yi)(yi)化(hua)除一切煩(fan)惱掛(gua)(gua)(gua)礙。化(hua)除了(le)(le),當下(xia)即是菩(pu)提(ti)(ti);所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)煩(fan)惱菩(pu)提(ti)(ti),同是這個東西。
【無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)明(ming),亦(yi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)明(ming)盡,乃至(zhi)(zhi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)老死,亦(yi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)老死盡】這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)覺(即辟支佛,是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)不(bu)(bu)曾聞(wen)到佛法(fa)而(er)借因(yin)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)覺悟(wu)的(de)(de))執取十(shi)二(er)因(yin)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)法(fa)而(er)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)掛(gua)礙,他不(bu)(bu)知(zhi)道(dao)諸法(fa)空(kong)相(xiang)。既說是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)因(yin)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),可(ke)見是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)不(bu)(bu)實,但伊不(bu)(bu)能明(ming)空(kong),被法(fa)見縛住了(le)(le),不(bu)(bu)得(de)自在。那十(shi)二(er)因(yin)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)即是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi):一(yi)(yi)(yi)、無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)明(ming):是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)過去(qu)的(de)(de)根本(ben)煩惱,只要(yao)碰到緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)就(jiu)(jiu)動了(le)(le)。緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)轉下(xia)去(qu)的(de)(de)意思。二(er)、無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)明(ming)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)行(xing)(xing):行(xing)(xing)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)行(xing)(xing)動,做種種或善(shan)或惡(e)的(de)(de)行(xing)(xing)業。三、行(xing)(xing)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)識(shi):由于(yu)過去(qu)的(de)(de)行(xing)(xing)業,而(er)起(qi)(qi)現世(shi)受胎(tai)的(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)念,是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)因(yin)認識(shi)而(er)成(cheng)為果的(de)(de)。四(si)、識(shi)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)名(ming)色:在胎(tai)中已有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)形體(ti)而(er)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)名(ming)色。五、名(ming)色緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)六(liu)(liu)(liu)入(ru):是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)六(liu)(liu)(liu)根具足,可(ke)以和(he)六(liu)(liu)(liu)塵相(xiang)對的(de)(de)了(le)(le)。六(liu)(liu)(liu)、六(liu)(liu)(liu)入(ru)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)觸:是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)出(chu)胎(tai)后(hou)對于(yu)一(yi)(yi)(yi)切有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)所接觸了(le)(le)。七、觸緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)受:接觸之后(hou),就(jiu)(jiu)受苦受樂而(er)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)種種感覺。八(ba)、受緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)愛(ai):如成(cheng)年以后(hou),就(jiu)(jiu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)強盛的(de)(de)愛(ai)欲。九(jiu)、愛(ai)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)取:有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)了(le)(le)愛(ai)欲,就(jiu)(jiu)想去(qu)取得(de),心(xin)去(qu)四(si)面馳求。十(shi)、取緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you):取得(de)就(jiu)(jiu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)了(le)(le),是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)業成(cheng)就(jiu)(jiu)的(de)(de)果位。十(shi)一(yi)(yi)(yi)、有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng):這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)成(cheng)立了(le)(le),生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)不(bu)(bu)已,轉入(ru)未(wei)來。十(shi)二(er)、生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)老死:有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)就(jiu)(jiu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)滅,一(yi)(yi)(yi)切本(ben)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)夢幻泡影,終必(bi)變滅,老死是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)這(zhe)一(yi)(yi)(yi)段生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)死的(de)(de)果。但只是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)明(ming)未(wei)滅,再來一(yi)(yi)(yi)轉,生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)世(shi)世(shi)轉輾不(bu)(bu)已,遂有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)六(liu)(liu)(liu)道(dao)輪回,總是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)明(ming)作祟。乃至(zhi)(zhi)兩(liang)個字,是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)由無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)明(ming)跳(tiao)至(zhi)(zhi)老死,中間略去(qu)十(shi)位。這(zhe)十(shi)二(er)因(yin)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),位位都依據無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)明(ming)作主,不(bu)(bu)知(zhi)皆是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)妄心(xin)幻法(fa)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)起(qi)(qi),根本(ben)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)。盡者,極也,就(jiu)(jiu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)之極也,言(yan)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)亦(yi)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)也,是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)絕對不(bu)(bu)可(ke)得(de)的(de)(de)意思。所以無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)明(ming)非(fei)(fei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)實體(ti),如空(kong)中華,夢中事;夢中非(fei)(fei)無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu),及至(zhi)(zhi)夢醒,了(le)(le)不(bu)(bu)可(ke)得(de)。可(ke)惜眾生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)不(bu)(bu)能斷無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)明(ming),緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)而(er)下(xia),無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)窮期(qi),無(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)非(fei)(fei)是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)惑業苦。緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)覺雖已悟(wu)到十(shi)二(er)因(yin)緣(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan)(yuan),原是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)假有(you)(you)(you)(you)(you)的(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)合(he)相(xiang);但以為是(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)定法(fa)不(bu)(bu)移,所以法(fa)見不(bu)(bu)凈而(er)生(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)(sheng)掛(gua)礙。
【無(wu)苦(ku)(ku)集(ji)(ji)滅(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)】這(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)聲聞執取四諦法(fa),而(er)(er)生(sheng)掛礙。苦(ku)(ku)、集(ji)(ji)、滅(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)、道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao),是(shi)(shi)(shi)名四諦,就是(shi)(shi)(shi)四種重要(yao)的(de)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)理(li)。苦(ku)(ku)是(shi)(shi)(shi)身心(xin)逼迫不(bu)安。眾(zhong)生(sheng)身有(you)(you)三(san)苦(ku)(ku):老(lao)、病、死(si)。心(xin)有(you)(you)三(san)苦(ku)(ku):貪、嗔、癡。后(hou)世有(you)(you)三(san)苦(ku)(ku):地獄、鬼、畜生(sheng)。更有(you)(you)三(san)災八難(nan)苦(ku)(ku)、壞苦(ku)(ku)、行苦(ku)(ku)、苦(ku)(ku)苦(ku)(ku)、不(bu)知足(zu)苦(ku)(ku)、不(bu)安命苦(ku)(ku)、心(xin)無(wu)寄(ji)托苦(ku)(ku),這(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)苦(ku)(ku)諦。卻是(shi)(shi)(shi)三(san)界六道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)生(sheng)死(si)苦(ku)(ku)果(guo),無(wu)不(bu)由(you)心(xin)和境集(ji)(ji)合而(er)(er)成,這(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)集(ji)(ji)諦。滅(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)是(shi)(shi)(shi)消滅(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)的(de)意思,斷(duan)一切苦(ku)(ku),歸到清凈寂滅(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)。因為(wei)結業(ye)既滅(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie),則無(wu)生(sheng)死(si)的(de)患累,這(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)滅(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)諦。但(dan)要(yao)滅(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)(mie)除(chu)那集(ji)(ji)合的(de)諸苦(ku)(ku),必得有(you)(you)個道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)理(li),道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)是(shi)(shi)(shi)正道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao);做到正道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao),必要(yao)助(zhu)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao),助(zhu)其(qi)離一切苦(ku)(ku),到涅盤樂,這(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)道(dao)(dao)(dao)(dao)諦。聲聞執此法(fa)見以為(wei)究(jiu)竟,所(suo)以分段生(sheng)死(si),或者(zhe)可了(le)(le),變(bian)易生(sheng)死(si)卻不(bu)易了(le)(le)。倘明本來空(kong)(kong),知此四諦法(fa),不(bu)過一時的(de)緣生(sheng);不(bu)但(dan)是(shi)(shi)(shi)果(guo)上色(se)空(kong)(kong),實是(shi)(shi)(shi)因上色(se)空(kong)(kong),不(bu)必執取,便無(wu)掛礙了(le)(le)。
【無(wu)(wu)智亦無(wu)(wu)得(de)(de)】這(zhe)是(shi)(shi)(shi)菩(pu)薩(sa)的掛礙。菩(pu)薩(sa)執(zhi)取(qu)六度萬行諸法,以(yi)(yi)為(wei)確有(you)(you)智慧可得(de)(de),有(you)(you)眾生(sheng)可度,有(you)(you)佛可成(cheng),心(xin)中不(bu)免(mian)具此(ci)波(bo)(bo)羅蜜的行相,微細(xi)的法見不(bu)曾凈(jing),所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)不(bu)到究竟涅(nie)盤地(di)(di)(di)(di)。從前阿難問佛如何是(shi)(shi)(shi)煩(fan)惱(nao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)獄(yu)種性(xing)?佛說(shuo)行六波(bo)(bo)羅蜜行是(shi)(shi)(shi)煩(fan)惱(nao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)獄(yu)種;如我能(neng)布(bu)施,因(yin)見他人不(bu)肯布(bu)施而(er)生(sheng)厭(yan)(yan)惡,是(shi)(shi)(shi)煩(fan)惱(nao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)獄(yu)種;我能(neng)持戒(jie)等等,因(yin)見別人不(bu)能(neng)持戒(jie)等等,心(xin)生(sheng)厭(yan)(yan)恨,是(shi)(shi)(shi)煩(fan)惱(nao)地(di)(di)(di)(di)獄(yu)種。這(zhe)就是(shi)(shi)(shi)彌陀經上說(shuo)的見濁,是(shi)(shi)(shi)名(ming)(ming)染(ran)(ran)法,染(ran)(ran)糊涂了。況且有(you)(you)智無(wu)(wu)智,都(dou)是(shi)(shi)(shi)幻心(xin)作用,分別為(wei)二。同是(shi)(shi)(shi)性(xing)空,更有(you)(you)何法可得(de)(de)?世尊(zun)昔(xi)在(zai)燃燈佛所(suo)(suo)得(de)(de)佛授(shou)記,成(cheng)無(wu)(wu)上菩(pu)提(ti),世尊(zun)當時并不(bu)取(qu)以(yi)(yi)為(wei)勝,因(yin)為(wei)知道性(xing)空!實無(wu)(wu)少法可得(de)(de),不(bu)過名(ming)(ming)為(wei)菩(pu)提(ti)而(er)已。所(suo)(suo)以(yi)(yi)菩(pu)薩(sa)必到法無(wu)(wu)我的時候,才是(shi)(shi)(shi)掛礙凈(jing)盡。
【以(yi)無所得故】這(zhe)是總結一句,極言(yan)上面(mian)五(wu)蘊、十(shi)八界、十(shi)二因緣、四諦法、六度智得一切本(ben)空(kong)(kong),仔細推求,實無所得。以(yi)上十(shi)三句判為法用分,為第四段,說空(kong)(kong)了之后,般若法用自(zi)然啟發,也不受法縛了。
【菩(pu)提薩埵(duo)】簡(jian)稱(cheng)就是(shi)菩(pu)薩,此指(zhi)已(yi)登佛位的明心菩(pu)薩,又名開士、大士;又薩埵(duo)譯為精(jing)進勇(yong)猛,堪(kan)以荷擔(dan)如來事業的人(ren)。
【依般(ban)若波羅蜜多故(gu)】他(ta)因(yin)為依自性(xing)的金剛般(ban)若,能(neng)夠超登彼岸的緣故(gu),所以有下面實(shi)(shi)證(zheng)的受用。我們應該知道修行不(bu)是圖(tu)利,更(geng)不(bu)能(neng)圖(tu)名(ming)(ming),名(ming)(ming)利是生(sheng)(sheng)死最(zui)毒的藥;名(ming)(ming)利的心(xin)不(bu)死,永無出(chu)頭的日(ri)子。因(yin)此(ci)因(yin)地要正,總(zong)要在自性(xing)上(shang)(shang)打(da)算,老(lao)老(lao)實(shi)(shi)實(shi)(shi),真(zhen)參(can)實(shi)(shi)究,決不(bu)要在神通奇特,出(chu)語玄(xuan)妙上(shang)(shang)求(qiu),絲毫擋不(bu)住生(sheng)(sheng)死的。菩薩尚不(bu)能(neng)離開(kai)般(ban)若,何(he)況我輩,離了般(ban)若之外,更(geng)有何(he)法(fa)?這是成(cheng)佛的根本條(tiao)件(jian),肯向這條(tiao)法(fa)上(shang)(shang)走的,才(cai)是有智(zhi)慧的人,此(ci)生(sheng)(sheng)決可成(cheng)就。
【心無掛礙】這個心,是毫無掛礙,人空(kong)法空(kong),寂滅輕安的大自(zi)在心,視世間出世間一切一切皆量(liang)等虛空(kong),無有邊際,包羅萬有,了無掛礙。心且(qie)不有,掛礙何依(yi)?苦厄安在?
【無(wu)掛礙故,無(wu)有(you)恐怖(bu),遠離(li)顛(dian)倒夢(meng)想】心(xin)(xin)里既(ji)是(shi)凈空無(wu)見(jian),白(bai)天沒(mei)有(you)想象,夜間自無(wu)亂夢(meng),正如(ru)千眼千手,圓照(zhao)十(shi)方,豈有(you)顛(dian)倒?凡人恐怖(bu),先有(you)一個(ge)得失(shi)心(xin)(xin),就是(shi)有(you)我(wo)的果,正是(shi)六道生(sheng)死的種性(xing)。如(ru)能心(xin)(xin)空法空,登于(yu)佛位,兩個(ge)生(sheng)死已了。菩薩再來世(shi)間,是(shi)大悲愿力(li),不是(shi)業力(li),自然沒(mei)有(you)恐怖(bu),顛(dian)倒夢(meng)想,都遠離(li)了,到了生(sheng)滅(mie)滅(mie)已,寂(ji)滅(mie)為樂的境界了。
【究(jiu)竟(jing)涅(nie)(nie)盤(pan)(pan)(pan)】這(zhe)(zhe)涅(nie)(nie)盤(pan)(pan)(pan)是(shi)清凈的(de)意思。二乘人(ren)是(shi)有余涅(nie)(nie)盤(pan)(pan)(pan),不(bu)是(shi)究(jiu)竟(jing);這(zhe)(zhe)究(jiu)竟(jing)涅(nie)(nie)盤(pan)(pan)(pan)是(shi)佛位,名為(wei)無余涅(nie)(nie)盤(pan)(pan)(pan),連涅(nie)(nie)盤(pan)(pan)(pan)亦不(bu)可得。所謂成(cheng)了佛,也(ye)沒(mei)有成(cheng)佛的(de)法見。本來涅(nie)(nie)盤(pan)(pan)(pan)是(shi)對生死說的(de),既本來沒(mei)有生死,亦安(an)有涅(nie)(nie)盤(pan)(pan)(pan),不(bu)過同是(shi)個假名罷了。這(zhe)(zhe)是(shi)菩薩的(de)果(guo)德。
【三世(shi)諸(zhu)佛(fo)】無(wu)論現在(zai)佛(fo),過去佛(fo),未(wei)來佛(fo),統包括三世(shi)一切諸(zhu)佛(fo),不問已成(cheng)未(wei)成(cheng),都是一體平(ping)等。須(xu)知(zhi)釋迦彌(mi)陀是果上(shang)佛(fo),我和六道眾生是因上(shang)佛(fo),性(xing)自(zi)平(ping)等,所(suo)以不可自(zi)棄,也不可輕(qing)人。
【依般(ban)若波(bo)羅蜜多(duo)故,得(de)(de)阿(a)耨(nou)多(duo)羅三藐三菩(pu)提】三世諸佛(fo)(fo)(fo),也(ye)(ye)無(wu)不(bu)(bu)由(you)此法門而得(de)(de)無(wu)上(shang)菩(pu)提。一切(qie)大智慧,無(wu)不(bu)(bu)由(you)自性佛(fo)(fo)(fo)母所(suo)生(sheng),生(sheng)是(shi)(shi)啟(qi)(qi)發的意思。這個(ge)得(de)(de),正(zheng)是(shi)(shi)無(wu)得(de)(de)之得(de)(de);必得(de)(de)心中(zhong)了無(wu)所(suo)得(de)(de),然后(hou)本來的面目斯得(de)(de)。此時無(wu)人,無(wu)我,無(wu)眾(zhong)生(sheng),無(wu)壽者,寂(ji)然不(bu)(bu)動,而妙用恒沙(sha),由(you)此啟(qi)(qi)發,這是(shi)(shi)佛(fo)(fo)(fo)的果德。阿(a)耨(nou)多(duo)羅是(shi)(shi)無(wu)上(shang),三藐是(shi)(shi)正(zheng)等(deng),三菩(pu)提是(shi)(shi)正(zheng)覺(jue);就是(shi)(shi)無(wu)上(shang)正(zheng)等(deng)正(zheng)覺(jue),是(shi)(shi)言佛(fo)(fo)(fo)的意境。你想連佛(fo)(fo)(fo)也(ye)(ye)不(bu)(bu)能離此法門,眾(zhong)生(sheng)豈(qi)可(ke)自外(wai),另覓途徑,豈(qi)非顛倒(dao)!所(suo)以不(bu)(bu)自求而他(ta)求,都(dou)是(shi)(shi)因地不(bu)(bu)正(zheng),適以自誤!
以(yi)上(shang)十句判(pan)為(wei)果德(de)分,為(wei)第五(wu)段(duan),是(shi)說到(dao)(dao)果德(de)地(di)位,一切掛礙才算凈盡,才是(shi)究竟(jing)涅(nie)盤,都賴觀空(kong)成就,并(bing)無別法(fa)。又以(yi)上(shang)可算是(shi)上(shang)半部心(xin)經,專說此(ci)法(fa)無實。下(xia)面再(zai)翻身過來說個無虛(xu),金剛經說:“此(ci)法(fa)無實無虛(xu)。”要人不(bu)要執(zhi)實,也不(bu)要執(zhi)虛(xu),正(zheng)顯般(ban)若(ruo)(ruo)無住的(de)妙用。若(ruo)(ruo)再(zai)深一層講,心(xin)既不(bu)有(you),法(fa)于何依?既沒有(you)法(fa),更談不(bu)到(dao)(dao)無實無虛(xu)的(de)了。所以(yi)說,涅(nie)盤生死等空(kong)華。
【故知(zhi)般(ban)(ban)若(ruo)(ruo)波(bo)羅蜜多】以下(xia)是轉入無(wu)虛(xu),點明一(yi)知(zhi)字的(de)(de)妙用。這知(zhi)字是靈照覺知(zhi),表(biao)(biao)明悟后(hou)的(de)(de)意(yi)境(jing),仿(fang)佛是轉而為有(you);不(bu)知(zhi)這知(zhi)字也(ye)是法(fa),也(ye)是性(xing)空,一(yi)時(shi)的(de)(de)緣生,暫時(shi)的(de)(de)法(fa)用,即是知(zhi)而無(wu)知(zhi),生而不(bu)生;所以不(bu)明無(wu)生的(de)(de)道理,就不(bu)能證知(zhi)真(zhen)空的(de)(de)道理。前說一(yi)空字,是般(ban)(ban)若(ruo)(ruo)的(de)(de)體;此說一(yi)知(zhi)字,是般(ban)(ban)若(ruo)(ruo)的(de)(de)用。所以表(biao)(biao)般(ban)(ban)若(ruo)(ruo)的(de)(de)至德,無(wu)可(ke)(ke)形容,無(wu)可(ke)(ke)言表(biao)(biao);至此言語道斷,心(xin)行處滅;惟(wei)有(you)神會,惟(wei)有(you)贊嘆(tan),正是冷暖自知(zhi)的(de)(de)時(shi)候。
【是(shi)(shi)大(da)神咒,是(shi)(shi)大(da)明(ming)咒,是(shi)(shi)無(wu)(wu)上咒,是(shi)(shi)無(wu)(wu)等(deng)等(deng)咒,能除(chu)一(yi)切(qie)苦(ku)(ku),真(zhen)實(shi)不(bu)(bu)虛(xu)】這六(liu)句是(shi)(shi)贊嘆的(de)辭句。咒是(shi)(shi)密意,以(yi)決定如是(shi)(shi)曰咒,如軍(jun)令嚴速曰咒。以(yi)無(wu)(wu)所(suo)不(bu)(bu)包(bao)謂(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)大(da);以(yi)無(wu)(wu)所(suo)不(bu)(bu)通謂(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)神;以(yi)無(wu)(wu)所(suo)不(bu)(bu)照(zhao)謂(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)明(ming);以(yi)無(wu)(wu)可(ke)比對無(wu)(wu)可(ke)再加謂(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)無(wu)(wu)上;以(yi)畢(bi)竟平等(deng)謂(wei)(wei)(wei)之(zhi)無(wu)(wu)等(deng)等(deng);空不(bu)(bu)偏空,有不(bu)(bu)著有,于寂滅無(wu)(wu)住的(de)性(xing)體(ti)中,能啟(qi)發恒(heng)沙(sha)妙用。六(liu)祖云:何期自性(xing)本不(bu)(bu)生(sheng)滅,本不(bu)(bu)動(dong)搖;何期自性(xing)能生(sheng)萬(wan)法。前為(wei)無(wu)(wu)實(shi)之(zhi)體(ti),此為(wei)無(wu)(wu)虛(xu)之(zhi)用;故(gu)能除(chu)一(yi)切(qie)苦(ku)(ku),真(zhen)實(shi)不(bu)(bu)虛(xu)。你想(xiang)世上的(de)人,沒一(yi)個人沒有掛礙(ai)的(de)痛苦(ku)(ku),哪一(yi)個人能離(li)了佛法,佛法又何曾迷信呢!
以上(shang)七句判(pan)為證知分(fen),分(fen)第六段,要親證才(cai)(cai)知這(zhe)個境界,不(bu)(bu)是靠文字可以得知的(de)。所(suo)以得知的(de)必須要真(zhen)參(can)實究(jiu),從自(zi)性上(shang)用功,經是不(bu)(bu)過借(jie)來考證罷了。總之(zhi),心(xin)通才(cai)(cai)是最大神通;但心(xin)不(bu)(bu)空就(jiu)不(bu)(bu)能通,不(bu)(bu)通就(jiu)不(bu)(bu)能明,不(bu)(bu)明則一切智慧(hui)被(bei)無(wu)明所(suo)覆,不(bu)(bu)能啟發。這(zhe)一分(fen)是說(shuo)心(xin)到了真(zhen)空的(de)境界,自(zi)然有許(xu)多力量;不(bu)(bu)是有苦(ku)再除,卻使一切苦(ku)厄無(wu)所(suo)依附(fu),根本無(wu)苦(ku)厄的(de)了。
張(zhang)(zhang)旭(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu),生卒年不詳(xiang),字伯高,一字季明,吳郡(jun)(江蘇蘇州(zhou))人(ren)(ren)。初仕為常熟尉,后(hou)官至金(jin)(jin)吾長(chang)史(shi),人(ren)(ren)稱(cheng)“張(zhang)(zhang)長(chang)史(shi)”。其(qi)母(mu)陸(lu)(lu)氏(shi)為初唐書家(jia)(jia)(jia)陸(lu)(lu)柬之的(de)(de)侄女,即(ji)虞世(shi)南的(de)(de)外孫女。陸(lu)(lu)氏(shi)世(shi)代以書傳業,有稱(cheng)于(yu)史(shi)。張(zhang)(zhang)旭(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)為人(ren)(ren)灑脫不羈,豁達大(da)度,卓爾不群(qun),才華橫(heng)溢,學識淵(yuan)博。與(yu)李(li)白(bai)、賀知章相友善,杜甫(fu)將他(ta)三人(ren)(ren)列入“飲(yin)中(zhong)八(ba)仙”。是一位(wei)極有個(ge)性(xing)的(de)(de)草(cao)書大(da)家(jia)(jia)(jia),因他(ta)常喝得大(da)醉(zui)(zui),就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)呼叫狂(kuang)走,然(ran)后(hou)落筆(bi)成書,甚至以頭發(fa)蘸(zhan)墨書寫,故又有“張(zhang)(zhang)顛”的(de)(de)雅稱(cheng)。后(hou)懷素(su)繼承和(he)發(fa)展了(le)其(qi)筆(bi)法,也以草(cao)書得名,并稱(cheng)“顛張(zhang)(zhang)醉(zui)(zui)素(su)”。張(zhang)(zhang)旭(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)性(xing)格豪(hao)放,嗜(shi)好飲(yin)酒,常在(zai)大(da)醉(zui)(zui)后(hou)手(shou)舞足蹈,然(ran)后(hou)回(hui)到(dao)(dao)桌前,提筆(bi)落墨,一揮(hui)而就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)。有人(ren)(ren)說他(ta)粗魯,給他(ta)取了(le)個(ge)張(zhang)(zhang)癲的(de)(de)雅號。其(qi)實(shi)他(ta)很(hen)細(xi)心,他(ta)認為在(zai)日常生活中(zhong)所(suo)觸到(dao)(dao)的(de)(de)事物(wu),都能啟(qi)發(fa)寫字。偶有所(suo)獲,即(ji)熔冶于(yu)自己(ji)的(de)(de)書法中(zhong)。當時人(ren)(ren)們只要得到(dao)(dao)他(ta)的(de)(de)片紙支(zhi)字,都視若珍品,世(shi)襲(xi)真(zhen)藏。那時候,張(zhang)(zhang)旭(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)有個(ge)鄰居,家(jia)(jia)(jia)境貧(pin)困(kun),聽說張(zhang)(zhang)旭(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)性(xing)情慷慨(kai),就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)寫信給張(zhang)(zhang)旭(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu),希望(wang)得到(dao)(dao)他(ta)的(de)(de)資助。張(zhang)(zhang)旭(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)非常同(tong)情鄰人(ren)(ren),便在(zai)信中(zhong)說道:您只要說這信是張(zhang)(zhang)旭(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)寫的(de)(de),要價(jia)可上百金(jin)(jin)。鄰人(ren)(ren)將信照著他(ta)的(de)(de)話上街售賣(mai),果然(ran)不到(dao)(dao)半日就(jiu)(jiu)(jiu)被爭(zheng)購一空。鄰人(ren)(ren)高興地回(hui)到(dao)(dao)家(jia)(jia)(jia),并向張(zhang)(zhang)旭(xu)(xu)(xu)(xu)致萬分的(de)(de)感(gan)謝。
張旭(xu)(xu)的(de)(de)書法(fa)(fa),始化于(yu)張芝、二(er)王(wang)一路,以草(cao)(cao)書成就最高。史稱(cheng)“草(cao)(cao)圣”。他自(zi)己以繼承(cheng)“二(er)王(wang)”傳統為自(zi)豪,字字有(you)(you)法(fa)(fa),另一方面又效法(fa)(fa)張芝草(cao)(cao)書之(zhi)藝(yi),創造出瀟灑磊(lei)落,變幻莫測的(de)(de)狂草(cao)(cao)來,其(qi)狀(zhuang)驚世(shi)駭俗。相傳他見公(gong)主與擔夫(fu)爭(zheng)道,又聞(wen)鼓(gu)吹而得筆(bi)法(fa)(fa)之(zhi)意(yi);在河(he)南(nan)鄴縣時(shi)愛看公(gong)孫大娘舞(wu)西河(he)劍器,并(bing)因此(ci)而得草(cao)(cao)書之(zhi)神(shen)。顏(yan)真卿曾兩度辭官向他請教筆(bi)法(fa)(fa)。張旭(xu)(xu)是一位純粹的(de)(de)藝(yi)術(shu)家(jia),他把滿(man)腔情(qing)感(gan)傾(qing)注在點畫之(zhi)間,旁若無人,如醉如癡(chi),如癲如狂。唐(tang)韓愈(yu)《送高閑(xian)上人序》中贊之(zhi):“喜怒、窘窮、憂悲(bei)、愉佚、怨(yuan)恨、思慕、酣醉、無聊(liao)、不(bu)平,有(you)(you)動于(yu)心,必于(yu)草(cao)(cao)書焉發之(zhi)。觀于(yu)物(wu),見山水(shui)崖谷(gu)、鳥獸蟲(chong)魚、草(cao)(cao)木之(zhi)花實、日月列星、風雨水(shui)火、雷(lei)霆霹靂、歌(ge)舞(wu)戰斗、天地事物(wu)之(zhi)變,可喜可愕,一寓于(yu)書,故旭(xu)(xu)之(zhi)書,變動猶鬼神(shen),不(bu)可端倪,以此(ci)終其(qi)身而名后世(shi)。”這(zhe)是一位真正的(de)(de)藝(yi)術(shu)家(jia)對藝(yi)術(shu)的(de)(de)執著的(de)(de)真實寫(xie)照。難怪后人論及(ji)唐(tang)人書法(fa)(fa),對歐、虞(yu)、褚、顏(yan)、柳、素等均有(you)(you)褒貶,唯對張旭(xu)(xu)無不(bu)贊嘆不(bu)已,這(zhe)是藝(yi)術(shu)史上絕無僅有(you)(you)的(de)(de)。