大(da)狐姓(xing)氏作為中國為數不多的稀有(you)(you)姓(xing)氏之一,它(ta)的淵源(yuan)、遷徙、分布都(dou)是有(you)(you)史可循,有(you)(you)據可查(cha)的!
單一淵源:源于(yu)姬姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),出(chu)自春秋時(shi)期晉(jin)國大夫狐(hu)(hu)(hu)突,屬于(yu)以先(xian)祖(zu)名(ming)字(zi)為(wei)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)。大狐(hu)(hu)(hu)氏(shi)(shi)(shi),為(wei)春秋時(shi)期晉(jin)國很早即(ji)出(chu)現的(de)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)。宋朝時(shi)期著名(ming)學(xue)者鄧名(ming)世在(zai)(zai)《古今(jin)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)書辯(bian)證(zheng)·去·十四(si)泰》中(zhong)記載:“大狐(hu)(hu)(hu),出(chu)自姬姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。晉(jin)大夫狐(hu)(hu)(hu)突,字(zi)伯行,文公(gong)(gong)重耳外(wai)祖(zu)父也(ye)(ye),生毛及(ji)偃,毛生溱,皆為(wei)晉(jin)卿,別為(wei)大狐(hu)(hu)(hu)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)。”姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)學(xue)界一般認為(wei),大狐(hu)(hu)(hu)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)本(ben)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)姬,因(yin)其先(xian)祖(zu)被分封在(zai)(zai)狐(hu)(hu)(hu)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)大戎(rong)(rong)(今(jin)山(shan)西(xi)(xi)交(jiao)城一帶),故(gu)改(gai)姬姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)大狐(hu)(hu)(hu)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)。在(zai)(zai)史(shi)籍《左(zuo)傳》中(zhong)記載,后來晉(jin)獻公(gong)(gong)姬佹(gui)諸(公(gong)(gong)元前676~前651年在(zai)(zai)位)“又娶二女于(yu)戎(rong)(rong),大戎(rong)(rong)狐(hu)(hu)(hu)姬生重耳,小戎(rong)(rong)子(zi)生夷吾”。漢朝著名(ming)的(de)史(shi)學(xue)家司馬遷也(ye)(ye)認為(wei),“重耳母,翟之(zhi)狐(hu)(hu)(hu)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)女也(ye)(ye)”。不過(guo),當時(shi)也(ye)(ye)有其他民(min)族(zu)是(shi)(shi)(shi)姬姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de),那么(me)狐(hu)(hu)(hu)突的(de)祖(zu)上(shang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)姬還是(shi)(shi)(shi)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)狐(hu)(hu)(hu),是(shi)(shi)(shi)土著民(min)族(zu)還是(shi)(shi)(shi)宗周后裔?如(ru)果是(shi)(shi)(shi)出(chu)自土著民(min)族(zu),那么(me)到底是(shi)(shi)(shi)戎(rong)(rong)還是(shi)(shi)(shi)翟?均已渺(miao)茫難考了。山(shan)西(xi)(xi),為(wei)上(shang)古唐“帝堯初都”之(zhi)地(di),又是(shi)(shi)(shi)夏王朝統治時(shi)期的(de)根(gen)據地(di),但是(shi)(shi)(shi)到了商末西(xi)(xi)周初,該地(di)區(qu)已經(jing)基本(ben)上(shang)是(shi)(shi)(shi)戎(rong)(rong)、翟(狄(di))、氐、羌諸民(min)族(zu)出(chu)沒(mei)游牧(mu)的(de)地(di)方了。
據史籍《左(zuo)傳·定(ding)公(gong)四年》中的(de)(de)(de)記載,周成王(wang)姬誦(song)“分(fen)唐(tang)叔(shu)(叔(shu)虞)以大(da)路,密須(xu)之鼓,闕鞏,沽洗,懷姓九(jiu)宗,職官五(wu)正。命以《唐(tang)誥》,而(er)封(feng)于夏虛(xu),啟以夏政,疆以戎索。”這里的(de)(de)(de)“啟以夏政,疆以戎索”,實際(ji)上(shang)是(shi)就晉(jin)(jin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)在(zai)建國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)初期(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)根本治國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)方略,就是(shi)在(zai)中央政權的(de)(de)(de)建設上(shang),堅持周王(wang)朝比較先進的(de)(de)(de)政治制(zhi)度(du),但是(shi)在(zai)地域管理方面(mian)又遵循和順應當(dang)地各(ge)(ge)(ge)個游牧民(min)(min)族的(de)(de)(de)風俗。在(zai)晉(jin)(jin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)建立初期(qi)(qi),真正的(de)(de)(de)宗周貴族是(shi)不多的(de)(de)(de),姬叔(shu)虞當(dang)時(shi)只帶(dai)去了“懷姓九(jiu)宗,職官五(wu)正”等少量姬姓族人(ren)(ren)以及(ji)一(yi)軍之卒(凡(fan)制(zhi)軍,萬有二千五(wu)百(bai)人(ren)(ren)為(wei)一(yi)軍),晉(jin)(jin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)大(da)部分(fen)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)人(ren)(ren)還(huan)是(shi)當(dang)地土著(zhu)居民(min)(min)。事(shi)實上(shang),在(zai)整個春秋時(shi)期(qi)(qi),各(ge)(ge)(ge)諸侯國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)中的(de)(de)(de)晉(jin)(jin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)“胡”風一(yi)直是(shi)很濃厚的(de)(de)(de),從西(xi)周初期(qi)(qi)受(shou)封(feng)于唐(tang)邑,后改唐(tang)為(wei)晉(jin)(jin),建立晉(jin)(jin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),晉(jin)(jin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)人(ren)(ren)與周邊的(de)(de)(de)各(ge)(ge)(ge)個民(min)(min)族通商、通婚(hun)的(de)(de)(de)現(xian)象一(yi)直就十分(fen)普遍,就連國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)君也不例外,這與燕(yan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)、秦國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)情況大(da)體(ti)相同(tong)。
大狐氏,歷(li)代皆為晉(jin)(jin)國重(zhong)臣,傳到歷(li)晉(jin)(jin)文公(gong)姬重(zhong)耳(公(gong)元前636~前628年在(zai)(zai)位(wei))、晉(jin)(jin)襄(xiang)公(gong)姬歡(姬環,公(gong)元前627~前621年在(zai)(zai)位(wei))、晉(jin)(jin)靈公(gong)姬夷皋(公(gong)元前620~前607年在(zai)(zai)位(wei))三朝、史稱晉(jin)(jin)國“股肱”的大狐射(she)姑以后,因其封地在(zai)(zai)賈(今(jin)山西臨(lin)汾),其后裔(yi)子孫大多省(sheng)文簡改(gai)為單姓(xing)狐氏、賈氏,大狐氏復(fu)姓(xing)就此在(zai)(zai)歷(li)史上(shang)基(ji)本(ben)消失了。如(ru)今(jin),僅(jin)在(zai)(zai)浙江(jiang)省(sheng)西南部麗水地區還有極其稀少的復(fu)姓(xing)大狐氏族人(ren),仍(reng)以平陽(yang)(今(jin)山西臨(lin)汾)為郡(jun)望。
大狐突(姬狐突)。
平(ping)(ping)(ping)陽(yang)(yang)郡(jun)(jun)(jun):亦稱(cheng)臨汾郡(jun)(jun)(jun)。歷史上的平(ping)(ping)(ping)陽(yang)(yang)郡(jun)(jun)(jun)有二(er):①即(ji)今(jin)山(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)省(sheng)臨汾市(shi)。西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)漢初(chu)(chu)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(己亥,公(gong)元前202年(nian)(nian)(nian))置(zhi)(zhi)平(ping)(ping)(ping)陽(yang)(yang)縣(xian)(xian),治(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)在(zai)平(ping)(ping)(ping)陽(yang)(yang)(今(jin)山(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)臨汾)。三國(guo)(guo)時(shi)期曹魏國(guo)(guo)正始(shi)(shi)八年(nian)(nian)(nian)(丁卯,公(gong)元247年(nian)(nian)(nian)),將(jiang)河東郡(jun)(jun)(jun)分(fen)出一部分(fen)與(yu)平(ping)(ping)(ping)陽(yang)(yang)縣(xian)(xian)合并,設(she)置(zhi)(zhi)為(wei)平(ping)(ping)(ping)陽(yang)(yang)郡(jun)(jun)(jun),治(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)亦在(zai)平(ping)(ping)(ping)陽(yang)(yang)(今(jin)山(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)臨汾),其時(shi)轄(xia)地(di)(di)在(zai)今(jin)山(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)藿(huo)縣(xian)(xian)以南的汾河流域及(ji)(ji)其以西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)地(di)(di)區,境(jing)內為(wei)司州(zhou)(zhou)平(ping)(ping)(ping)陽(yang)(yang)郡(jun)(jun)(jun),轄(xia)十縣(xian)(xian)。西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)晉(jin)時(shi)期仍(reng)為(wei)平(ping)(ping)(ping)陽(yang)(yang)郡(jun)(jun)(jun),轄(xia)十二(er)縣(xian)(xian)。西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)晉(jin)永嘉(jia)三年(nian)(nian)(nian)(己巳,公(gong)元309年(nian)(nian)(nian))初(chu)(chu),匈奴人劉淵自(zi)蒲子城(cheng)(隰縣(xian)(xian))遷都平(ping)(ping)(ping)陽(yang)(yang),稱(cheng)帝建漢,境(jing)內屬之。東晉(jin)時(shi)先后屬并州(zhou)(zhou)、雍(yong)州(zhou)(zhou)和冀州(zhou)(zhou);北(bei)(bei)魏時(shi)境(jing)內為(wei)東雍(yong)州(zhou)(zhou),轄(xia)七郡(jun)(jun)(jun)二(er)十縣(xian)(xian);北(bei)(bei)魏神鹿元年(nian)(nian)(nian)(戊辰,公(gong)元428年(nian)(nian)(nian))始(shi)(shi)筑(zhu)白(bai)馬城(cheng)(今(jin)山(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)臨汾),因(yin)魏刑白(bai)馬祭祀天地(di)(di)神靈筑(zhu)城(cheng)而名。孝昌二(er)年(nian)(nian)(nian)改置(zhi)(zhi)唐州(zhou)(zhou),治(zhi)(zhi)所(suo)在(zai)平(ping)(ping)(ping)陽(yang)(yang)故城(cheng)(劉村);北(bei)(bei)魏建義元年(nian)(nian)(nian)(戊申,公(gong)元528年(nian)(nian)(nian))改稱(cheng)晉(jin)州(zhou)(zhou),移(yi)治(zhi)(zhi)自(zi)馬城(cheng),與(yu)郡(jun)(jun)(jun)縣(xian)(xian)同治(zhi)(zhi),沿用至(zhi)今(jin)。②即(ji)今(jin)山(shan)東省(sheng)鄒(zou)(zou)(zou)城(cheng)市(shi)。鄒(zou)(zou)(zou)城(cheng)在(zai)春(chun)秋戰國(guo)(guo)時(shi)期古(gu)稱(cheng)平(ping)(ping)(ping)陽(yang)(yang),是“鄒(zou)(zou)(zou)魯圣地(di)(di)”,為(wei)中(zhong)國(guo)(guo)儒學發源地(di)(di)。夏王朝時(shi)期屬九(jiu)州(zhou)(zhou)徐州(zhou)(zhou)之域,秦朝時(shi)期開(kai)始(shi)(shi)設(she)置(zhi)(zhi)“騶(zou)縣(xian)(xian)”,歷漢、晉(jin)、南北(bei)(bei)朝,及(ji)(ji)唐朝初(chu)(chu)期改“騶(zou)”為(wei)“鄒(zou)(zou)(zou)”,稱(cheng)“鄒(zou)(zou)(zou)縣(xian)(xian)”,沿襲(xi)至(zhi)1992年(nian)(nian)(nian)10月,撤(che)縣(xian)(xian)設(she)市(shi),稱(cheng)鄒(zou)(zou)(zou)城(cheng)市(shi)。大(da)狐(hu)氏(shi)的郡(jun)(jun)(jun)望為(wei)①即(ji)今(jin)山(shan)西(xi)(xi)(xi)(xi)臨汾。
平陽堂:以望立堂。
大(da)狐氏復姓(xing)是一個非常(chang)古老的姓(xing)氏,但在今中國大(da)陸的姓(xing)氏排(pai)行榜上未(wei)列(lie)入(ru)百家姓(xing)前(qian)一千位,在臺灣省(sheng)則沒有。今浙(zhe)江省(sheng)西(xi)南(nan)部的麗(li)水地區,有零星大(da)狐氏族(zu)人(ren)分布,以(yi)平陽為郡望(wang)。人(ren)口總數不及一百,大(da)概屬(shu)于人(ren)口最稀少(shao)的姓(xing)氏群體(ti)之一了。