大狐(hu)姓氏(shi)作為中國為數不(bu)多的(de)稀有(you)(you)姓氏(shi)之一,它(ta)的(de)淵源、遷徙、分布都是有(you)(you)史可循,有(you)(you)據可查的(de)!
單一淵源(yuan):源(yuan)于(yu)姬(ji)(ji)姓(xing)(xing)(xing),出(chu)自春秋時(shi)期晉(jin)國(guo)大(da)(da)夫狐突(tu),屬于(yu)以(yi)先(xian)祖(zu)名字為(wei)氏(shi)。大(da)(da)狐氏(shi),為(wei)春秋時(shi)期晉(jin)國(guo)很早即出(chu)現(xian)的(de)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)氏(shi)。宋(song)朝(chao)時(shi)期著(zhu)名學(xue)者鄧名世在(zai)《古(gu)今姓(xing)(xing)(xing)氏(shi)書(shu)辯證(zheng)·去·十四泰》中(zhong)記(ji)載:“大(da)(da)狐,出(chu)自姬(ji)(ji)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)。晉(jin)大(da)(da)夫狐突(tu),字伯行,文公(gong)重(zhong)耳(er)(er)外祖(zu)父也,生(sheng)毛及偃,毛生(sheng)溱(zhen),皆為(wei)晉(jin)卿,別為(wei)大(da)(da)狐氏(shi)。”姓(xing)(xing)(xing)氏(shi)學(xue)界一般認為(wei),大(da)(da)狐氏(shi)本姓(xing)(xing)(xing)姬(ji)(ji),因其先(xian)祖(zu)被(bei)分封(feng)在(zai)狐氏(shi)大(da)(da)戎(今山西交城(cheng)一帶),故改姬(ji)(ji)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)大(da)(da)狐氏(shi)。在(zai)史(shi)籍《左傳》中(zhong)記(ji)載,后來晉(jin)獻公(gong)姬(ji)(ji)佹諸(zhu)(公(gong)元(yuan)前(qian)676~前(qian)651年在(zai)位)“又(you)娶二女于(yu)戎,大(da)(da)戎狐姬(ji)(ji)生(sheng)重(zhong)耳(er)(er),小戎子生(sheng)夷吾”。漢朝(chao)著(zhu)名的(de)史(shi)學(xue)家(jia)司(si)馬遷也認為(wei),“重(zhong)耳(er)(er)母,翟之狐氏(shi)女也”。不過,當時(shi)也有其他民族是(shi)(shi)姬(ji)(ji)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de),那(nei)么(me)狐突(tu)的(de)祖(zu)上是(shi)(shi)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)姬(ji)(ji)還是(shi)(shi)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)狐,是(shi)(shi)土(tu)著(zhu)民族還是(shi)(shi)宗周后裔(yi)?如果是(shi)(shi)出(chu)自土(tu)著(zhu)民族,那(nei)么(me)到底是(shi)(shi)戎還是(shi)(shi)翟?均已渺茫難考了(le)(le)(le)。山西,為(wei)上古(gu)唐(tang)“帝堯初(chu)都”之地(di),又(you)是(shi)(shi)夏王(wang)朝(chao)統(tong)治時(shi)期的(de)根據(ju)地(di),但是(shi)(shi)到了(le)(le)(le)商末西周初(chu),該地(di)區(qu)已經基(ji)本上是(shi)(shi)戎、翟(狄)、氐、羌(qiang)諸(zhu)民族出(chu)沒游牧的(de)地(di)方了(le)(le)(le)。
據史籍《左傳(chuan)·定公(gong)四年》中的(de)(de)(de)記(ji)載,周成王姬(ji)誦“分(fen)唐叔(叔虞)以(yi)大路(lu),密(mi)須之(zhi)鼓,闕鞏(gong),沽洗,懷姓九宗(zong),職官五正(zheng)。命(ming)以(yi)《唐誥》,而(er)封于(yu)夏(xia)虛,啟以(yi)夏(xia)政(zheng),疆(jiang)以(yi)戎索。”這(zhe)里(li)的(de)(de)(de)“啟以(yi)夏(xia)政(zheng),疆(jiang)以(yi)戎索”,實(shi)際(ji)上(shang)是(shi)就(jiu)晉(jin)(jin)國(guo)(guo)在(zai)(zai)建(jian)國(guo)(guo)初(chu)期(qi)的(de)(de)(de)根本治國(guo)(guo)方略(lve),就(jiu)是(shi)在(zai)(zai)中央政(zheng)權(quan)的(de)(de)(de)建(jian)設(she)上(shang),堅持周王朝比較先進的(de)(de)(de)政(zheng)治制度,但(dan)是(shi)在(zai)(zai)地域管理方面又(you)遵循和順應(ying)當地各(ge)(ge)個(ge)游牧(mu)民(min)族的(de)(de)(de)風(feng)俗。在(zai)(zai)晉(jin)(jin)國(guo)(guo)建(jian)立初(chu)期(qi),真正(zheng)的(de)(de)(de)宗(zong)周貴族是(shi)不多(duo)的(de)(de)(de),姬(ji)叔虞當時只帶去(qu)了(le)“懷姓九宗(zong),職官五正(zheng)”等少量姬(ji)姓族人以(yi)及一(yi)軍之(zhi)卒(凡制軍,萬有二千(qian)五百人為一(yi)軍),晉(jin)(jin)國(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)大部分(fen)國(guo)(guo)人還是(shi)當地土(tu)著居民(min)。事實(shi)上(shang),在(zai)(zai)整個(ge)春秋(qiu)時期(qi),各(ge)(ge)諸(zhu)侯國(guo)(guo)中的(de)(de)(de)晉(jin)(jin)國(guo)(guo)“胡”風(feng)一(yi)直(zhi)是(shi)很濃厚的(de)(de)(de),從西周初(chu)期(qi)受封于(yu)唐邑,后改唐為晉(jin)(jin),建(jian)立晉(jin)(jin)國(guo)(guo),晉(jin)(jin)國(guo)(guo)人與(yu)周邊(bian)的(de)(de)(de)各(ge)(ge)個(ge)民(min)族通商(shang)、通婚的(de)(de)(de)現(xian)象一(yi)直(zhi)就(jiu)十分(fen)普(pu)遍,就(jiu)連國(guo)(guo)君也不例外,這(zhe)與(yu)燕(yan)國(guo)(guo)、秦國(guo)(guo)的(de)(de)(de)情況大體相同。
大(da)(da)(da)狐氏(shi),歷代皆為晉國(guo)重臣,傳到歷晉文(wen)公姬重耳(er)(公元前(qian)636~前(qian)628年(nian)在(zai)(zai)位(wei))、晉襄公姬歡(huan)(姬環,公元前(qian)627~前(qian)621年(nian)在(zai)(zai)位(wei))、晉靈公姬夷(yi)皋(公元前(qian)620~前(qian)607年(nian)在(zai)(zai)位(wei))三朝、史(shi)稱晉國(guo)“股肱”的(de)大(da)(da)(da)狐射姑以(yi)后(hou),因(yin)其封地在(zai)(zai)賈(jia)(今山(shan)(shan)西(xi)臨汾),其后(hou)裔子(zi)孫大(da)(da)(da)多省文(wen)簡改為單姓(xing)狐氏(shi)、賈(jia)氏(shi),大(da)(da)(da)狐氏(shi)復姓(xing)就此在(zai)(zai)歷史(shi)上基(ji)本消失了。如今,僅在(zai)(zai)浙江省西(xi)南部麗水地區還有極(ji)其稀(xi)少(shao)的(de)復姓(xing)大(da)(da)(da)狐氏(shi)族人,仍(reng)以(yi)平陽(yang)(今山(shan)(shan)西(xi)臨汾)為郡望。
大狐突(姬狐突)。
平(ping)(ping)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)郡:亦(yi)稱臨汾(fen)郡。歷史上的(de)平(ping)(ping)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)郡有二:①即今(jin)(jin)山(shan)(shan)(shan)西(xi)(xi)省臨汾(fen)市(shi)(shi)。西(xi)(xi)漢初年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(己亥,公(gong)(gong)元前(qian)202年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))置(zhi)平(ping)(ping)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian),治(zhi)所(suo)在(zai)平(ping)(ping)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(今(jin)(jin)山(shan)(shan)(shan)西(xi)(xi)臨汾(fen))。三(san)國(guo)(guo)時(shi)(shi)期(qi)曹魏國(guo)(guo)正(zheng)始(shi)八年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(丁卯(mao),公(gong)(gong)元247年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)),將(jiang)河東(dong)(dong)郡分出一部分與(yu)平(ping)(ping)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)合并,設置(zhi)為(wei)(wei)平(ping)(ping)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)郡,治(zhi)所(suo)亦(yi)在(zai)平(ping)(ping)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)(今(jin)(jin)山(shan)(shan)(shan)西(xi)(xi)臨汾(fen)),其時(shi)(shi)轄(xia)地在(zai)今(jin)(jin)山(shan)(shan)(shan)西(xi)(xi)藿縣(xian)(xian)(xian)以(yi)南的(de)汾(fen)河流域及其以(yi)西(xi)(xi)地區,境(jing)(jing)內為(wei)(wei)司州(zhou)平(ping)(ping)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)郡,轄(xia)十縣(xian)(xian)(xian)。西(xi)(xi)晉(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)時(shi)(shi)期(qi)仍(reng)為(wei)(wei)平(ping)(ping)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)郡,轄(xia)十二縣(xian)(xian)(xian)。西(xi)(xi)晉(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)永嘉三(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(己巳,公(gong)(gong)元309年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))初,匈奴人(ren)劉(liu)淵(yuan)自蒲子城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(隰縣(xian)(xian)(xian))遷都平(ping)(ping)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang),稱帝建(jian)漢,境(jing)(jing)內屬之。東(dong)(dong)晉(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)時(shi)(shi)先后屬并州(zhou)、雍州(zhou)和(he)冀(ji)州(zhou);北魏時(shi)(shi)境(jing)(jing)內為(wei)(wei)東(dong)(dong)雍州(zhou),轄(xia)七郡二十縣(xian)(xian)(xian);北魏神(shen)鹿元年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(戊辰,公(gong)(gong)元428年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))始(shi)筑白(bai)馬(ma)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(今(jin)(jin)山(shan)(shan)(shan)西(xi)(xi)臨汾(fen)),因魏刑白(bai)馬(ma)祭祀天地神(shen)靈筑城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)而名。孝昌二年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)改(gai)置(zhi)唐州(zhou),治(zhi)所(suo)在(zai)平(ping)(ping)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang)故城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(劉(liu)村);北魏建(jian)義元年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(戊申,公(gong)(gong)元528年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian))改(gai)稱晉(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)州(zhou),移治(zhi)自馬(ma)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),與(yu)郡縣(xian)(xian)(xian)同(tong)治(zhi),沿用至今(jin)(jin)。②即今(jin)(jin)山(shan)(shan)(shan)東(dong)(dong)省鄒城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)。鄒城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)在(zai)春(chun)秋戰(zhan)國(guo)(guo)時(shi)(shi)期(qi)古稱平(ping)(ping)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)(yang),是“鄒魯圣地”,為(wei)(wei)中國(guo)(guo)儒學(xue)發源地。夏王(wang)朝(chao)時(shi)(shi)期(qi)屬九(jiu)州(zhou)徐州(zhou)之域,秦朝(chao)時(shi)(shi)期(qi)開始(shi)設置(zhi)“騶縣(xian)(xian)(xian)”,歷漢、晉(jin)(jin)(jin)(jin)、南北朝(chao),及唐朝(chao)初期(qi)改(gai)“騶”為(wei)(wei)“鄒”,稱“鄒縣(xian)(xian)(xian)”,沿襲至1992年(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)(nian)10月,撤(che)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)設市(shi)(shi),稱鄒城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)市(shi)(shi)。大狐(hu)氏的(de)郡望為(wei)(wei)①即今(jin)(jin)山(shan)(shan)(shan)西(xi)(xi)臨汾(fen)。
平陽堂:以望立堂。
大(da)狐氏復(fu)姓是一(yi)(yi)個非常(chang)古老的(de)姓氏,但在今中(zhong)國大(da)陸(lu)的(de)姓氏排行(xing)榜上未列(lie)入百(bai)家姓前(qian)一(yi)(yi)千(qian)位,在臺灣(wan)省(sheng)則沒有(you)。今浙(zhe)江省(sheng)西南部的(de)麗(li)水地區(qu),有(you)零星大(da)狐氏族(zu)人(ren)分布,以平陽為郡望。人(ren)口(kou)總數不及一(yi)(yi)百(bai),大(da)概(gai)屬于人(ren)口(kou)最稀(xi)少的(de)姓氏群體之一(yi)(yi)了。