源于(yu)媯(gui)姓,出自戰國(guo)時期齊(qi)國(guo)大將田單(dan)(dan)守(shou)邑,屬于(yu)以封(feng)邑名稱為氏(shi)(shi)。據史(shi)(shi)籍(ji)《晏(yan)子春秋·內篇問》記(ji)載:“即(ji)墨氏(shi)(shi),據齊(qi)將田單(dan)(dan)守(shou)即(ji)墨,支孫氏(shi)(shi)焉。”在史(shi)(shi)籍(ji)《風俗通(tong)義·佚(yi)文》中引《姓解(jie)》記(ji)載:“即(ji)墨氏(shi)(shi),漢(han)有即(ji)墨威為咸陽令……漢(han)有單(dan)(dan)父令即(ji)費,其(qi)先食采即(ji)墨,因以命氏(shi)(shi)。”在史(shi)(shi)籍(ji)《漢(han)書·儒林傳》也記(ji)載:“戰國(guo)城(cheng)陽相即(ji)墨成,齊(qi)國(guo)人。”
即墨[即墨,讀(du)音作(zuo)jí mò(ㄐㄧˊㄇㄛˋ)]
源于(yu)媯(gui)姓,出自戰國(guo)(guo)晚期(qi)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)大將田(tian)單(dan)(dan)守(shou)邑,屬于(yu)以封邑名稱為氏。據史籍(ji)(ji)《晏子春秋·內(nei)篇(pian)問(wen)》記載:“即墨(mo)(mo)氏,據齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)將田(tian)單(dan)(dan)守(shou)即墨(mo)(mo),支孫氏焉(yan)。”在史籍(ji)(ji)《風(feng)俗通義·佚文》中(zhong)引《姓解》記載:“即墨(mo)(mo)氏,漢有即墨(mo)(mo)威為咸陽令……漢有單(dan)(dan)父令即費,其先食(shi)采(cai)即墨(mo)(mo),因以命(ming)氏。”在史籍(ji)(ji)《漢書·儒林傳》也記載:“戰國(guo)(guo)城陽相即墨(mo)(mo)成(cheng),齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)人。”田(tian)單(dan)(dan),是齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)王(wang)族田(tian)氏家族的(de)遠(yuan)房(fang)支親,山東(dong)淄(zi)博臨淄(zi)人。齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)湣王(wang)田(tian)地執政時期(qi)(公元前323~前283年(nian)在位(wei)),田(tian)單(dan)(dan)出任齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)都城臨淄(zi)的(de)市(shi)掾(管理商(shang)貿市(shi)場的(de)官員),是一(yi)位(wei)資(zi)歷(li)淺、爵位(wei)低、名氣微的(de)小吏。但是,田(tian)單(dan)(dan)善于(yu)學(xue)習(xi),頗愛兵法,對戰略戰術有過精心研(yan)究,后率(lv)軍(jun)(jun)駐守(shou)即墨(mo)(mo)(今山東(dong)青(qing)島即墨(mo)(mo))。在燕軍(jun)(jun)伐(fa)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)戰爭(zheng)中(zhong),以奇計(ji)制勝,大敗燕軍(jun)(jun),表現了(le)一(yi)位(wei)軍(jun)(jun)事家的(de)非凡才能,被田(tian)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)襄王(wang)封為安平君,是齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)軍(jun)(jun)家的(de)后起(qi)之秀。戰國(guo)(guo)時期(qi),列(lie)國(guo)(guo)爭(zheng)雄,頻繁的(de)掠奪戰爭(zheng),給人民造成(cheng)了(le)無窮的(de)災難。
周慎(shen)靚王(wang)(wang)(wang)姬(ji)(ji)定三(san)年(燕(yan)(yan)(yan)王(wang)(wang)(wang)姬(ji)(ji)噲(kuai)三(san)年,田齊(qi)(qi)宣(xuan)王(wang)(wang)(wang)田辟(pi)疆(jiang)三(san)年,公元前318年),燕(yan)(yan)(yan)王(wang)(wang)(wang)姬(ji)(ji)噲(kuai)將王(wang)(wang)(wang)位禪讓給姬(ji)(ji)子(zi)之(zhi),實(shi)行政治改(gai)(gai)革(ge)。姬(ji)(ji)子(zi)之(zhi)行王(wang)(wang)(wang)事(shi)三(san)年,與(yu)反(fan)對改(gai)(gai)革(ge)的(de)勢力發生(sheng)矛(mao)盾,燕(yan)(yan)(yan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)大將市被(bei)與(yu)太(tai)子(zi)姬(ji)(ji)平起兵反(fan)叛,雙方激(ji)戰數月,死者數萬,燕(yan)(yan)(yan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)大亂,市被(bei)及太(tai)子(zi)姬(ji)(ji)平被(bei)姬(ji)(ji)子(zi)之(zhi)攻殺。這時(shi),齊(qi)(qi)宣(xuan)王(wang)(wang)(wang)田辟(pi)疆(jiang)在孟柯的(de)勸說下,乘(cheng)燕(yan)(yan)(yan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)危機之(zhi)時(shi)出兵伐燕(yan)(yan)(yan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo),僅(jin)五十天即攻破燕(yan)(yan)(yan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)都城,燕(yan)(yan)(yan)王(wang)(wang)(wang)姬(ji)(ji)噲(kuai)和姬(ji)(ji)子(zi)之(zhi)皆(jie)被(bei)齊(qi)(qi)軍(jun)所(suo)殺。中山(shan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)也趁此機會(hui)奪占了燕(yan)(yan)(yan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)大片土地,燕(yan)(yan)(yan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)幾乎亡國(guo)(guo)(guo)(guo)。
周赧王(wang)(wang)姬(ji)延三年(nian)(趙(zhao)武靈王(wang)(wang)趙(zhao)雍十四年(nian),公(gong)元前(qian)312年(nian)),秦、魏、韓三國聯軍救燕(yan)(yan),擊敗齊軍于(yu)濮水之上。第(di)二年(nian),趙(zhao)武靈王(wang)(wang)派兵(bing)將(jiang)流亡在韓國的燕(yan)(yan)公(gong)子姬(ji)職護送(song)回燕(yan)(yan)國,立為(wei)燕(yan)(yan)昭王(wang)(wang)。燕(yan)(yan)昭王(wang)(wang)立志報仇(chou)雪恨(hen),卑身厚幣,高筑(zhu)黃金臺(tai),招聚天(tian)下賢士,得樂毅等(deng)人相(xiang)助,勵精圖治(zhi),燕(yan)(yan)國從此強大起來。這一段歷史時(shi)期,燕(yan)(yan)國北破東(dong)(dong)胡,將(jiang)領(ling)土擴大到遼(liao)東(dong)(dong)地區,設(she)置了上古(gu)、漁陽、右北平、遼(liao)西、遼(liao)東(dong)(dong)五郡,疆(jiang)域(yu)有今滹(hu)沱以北的河北中部(bu)、遼(liao)寧(ning)大部(bu)、山西一部(bu),再次成為(wei)一方強國。
周(zhou)赧(nan)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)三十(shi)一(yi)(yi)年(nian)(nian)(田(tian)(tian)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)湣王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)田(tian)(tian)地(di)(di)十(shi)七年(nian)(nian),燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)昭(zhao)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)姬(ji)職二(er)十(shi)八年(nian)(nian),公(gong)元(yuan)前(qian)284年(nian)(nian)),燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)昭(zhao)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)以樂(le)毅(yi)為上(shang)將軍(jun)(jun)(jun),聯合了(le)秦(qin)、楚(chu)、趙(zhao)、魏(wei)、韓(han)五(wu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)共(gong)同伐齊(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)。田(tian)(tian)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)湣王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)因(yin)國(guo)(guo)(guo)力(li)不(bu)足(zu)(zu),已毫無(wu)應(ying)戰(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)力(li)量(liang),只(zhi)得(de)棄(qi)都(dou)南(nan)(nan)逃莒(ju)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)偏安(an)(an)(an)一(yi)(yi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。因(yin)此(ci),燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)長驅直(zhi)入,連下(xia)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)七十(shi)余城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),之(zhi)后(hou)在臨淄(zi)擊(ji)殺田(tian)(tian)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)湣王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)。當時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)只(zhi)剩(sheng)下(xia)了(le)高大(da)堅固的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)莒(ju)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(今(jin)(jin)山東(dong)(dong)(dong)日照莒(ju)縣)和即墨(mo)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(今(jin)(jin)山東(dong)(dong)(dong)平(ping)度)這(zhe)兩座(zuo)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)池(chi),使(shi)(shi)(shi)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)處(chu)在危亡的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)鍵時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)刻。燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)攻破臨淄(zi)后(hou),又東(dong)(dong)(dong)渡淄(zi)河進取(qu)安(an)(an)(an)平(ping)。安(an)(an)(an)平(ping)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(又名(ming)(ming)酃城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、皇(huang)(huang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、石(shi)槽城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng))位(wei)于(yu)淄(zi)水東(dong)(dong)(dong)岸,這(zhe)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),早從臨淄(zi)退(tui)守安(an)(an)(an)平(ping)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)田(tian)(tian)單(dan)(dan)(dan)正在積極籌(chou)劃拒敵方略(lve)。為使(shi)(shi)(shi)戰(zhan)車(che)(che)進退(tui)方便,避免(mian)撞擊(ji),他(ta)命令宗(zong)人(ren)(ren)部(bu)下(xia)疾速(su)斷(duan)去車(che)(che)軸(zhou)長頭(tou)(tou),并固上(shang)鐵(tie)籠,當時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)許(xu)多齊(qi)(qi)(qi)兵(bing)都(dou)笑話他(ta)。但當安(an)(an)(an)平(ping)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)失守時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),許(xu)多齊(qi)(qi)(qi)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)兵(bing)將在撤退(tui)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)因(yin)車(che)(che)軸(zhou)相撞,戰(zhan)車(che)(che)被毀,紛紛落入燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)之(zhi)手做了(le)俘虜,唯(wei)獨田(tian)(tian)單(dan)(dan)(dan)宗(zong)人(ren)(ren)及部(bu)下(xia)安(an)(an)(an)然退(tui)居即墨(mo)。車(che)(che)軸(zhou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)改革(ge)和巧勝樂(le)毅(yi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)謀(mou)略(lve),使(shi)(shi)(shi)田(tian)(tian)單(dan)(dan)(dan)在田(tian)(tian)氏(shi)(shi)宗(zong)人(ren)(ren)中(zhong)名(ming)(ming)聲大(da)振(zhen),威望更(geng)高。在即墨(mo)大(da)夫(fu)戰(zhan)死疆場后(hou),田(tian)(tian)單(dan)(dan)(dan)便被宗(zong)族及部(bu)下(xia)們(men)推為拒燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)統帥(shuai)。足(zu)(zu)智多謀(mou)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)田(tian)(tian)單(dan)(dan)(dan),并沒有因(yin)暫時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)失利而(er)(er)(er)(er)氣(qi)餒,他(ta)肩負眾托,決心復(fu)國(guo)(guo)(guo),從而(er)(er)(er)(er)細心分析戰(zhan)爭發(fa)展變化的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)形(xing)勢,窺測出(chu)戰(zhan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)良機。就(jiu)在這(zhe)個時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)候,傳來(lai)了(le)燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)昭(zhao)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)病死,燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)惠王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)即位(wei)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)消(xiao)息。于(yu)是,田(tian)(tian)單(dan)(dan)(dan)利用燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)惠王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)與樂(le)毅(yi)之(zhi)間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)關(guan)系(xi)有裂隙,派(pai)人(ren)(ren)去燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)惠王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)面前(qian)讒言挑撥(bo),進一(yi)(yi)步激化了(le)君臣間的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)矛(mao)盾,致使(shi)(shi)(shi)燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)惠王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)猜忌(ji)樂(le)毅(yi),很快就(jiu)改用騎劫為統帥(shuai)。燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)惠王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)自毀長城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),撤換了(le)智勇雙(shuang)全的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)樂(le)毅(yi),樂(le)毅(yi)后(hou)來(lai)怒而(er)(er)(er)(er)棄(qi)燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)國(guo)(guo)(guo),奔赴(fu)趙(zhao)國(guo)(guo)(guo)。在燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)變更(geng)領(ling)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)將帥(shuai)之(zhi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),田(tian)(tian)單(dan)(dan)(dan)抓住燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)將驕傲(ao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)弱(ruo)點(dian),用以金(jin)錢賄(hui)賂,渙散(san)燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)紀,進一(yi)(yi)步使(shi)(shi)(shi)燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)放松(song)戒(jie)備(bei)。而(er)(er)(er)(er)自己卻積極作應(ying)戰(zhan)計(ji)劃和出(chu)擊(ji)準備(bei)。他(ta)還集田(tian)(tian)氏(shi)(shi)宗(zong)人(ren)(ren)登(deng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),親眼(yan)目(mu)睹燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)對齊(qi)(qi)(qi)人(ren)(ren)燒掠、削鼻屠殺和掘墳辱尸的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)殘(can)無(wu)人(ren)(ren)道的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)暴行,從而(er)(er)(er)(er)激發(fa)了(le)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)兵(bing)同仇敵愾、收復(fu)失地(di)(di)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)士(shi)氣(qi)。之(zhi)后(hou),田(tian)(tian)單(dan)(dan)(dan)組織老弱(ruo)女子乘(cheng)(cheng)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),以示降燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan),同時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)組織甲(jia)卒精兵(bing)埋伏于(yu)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內四周(zhou),又將城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內千余頭(tou)(tou)牛(niu),雙(shuang)角裝上(shang)鋒利的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)匕首,身著畫有龍(long)紋圖案的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)五(wu)彩繒(zeng)衣,尾(wei)束灌足(zu)(zu)脂油的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)蘆葦,后(hou)隨(sui)精甲(jia)壯(zhuang)士(shi)五(wu)千余人(ren)(ren),布下(xia)了(le)火(huo)牛(niu)陣。當夜(ye)深人(ren)(ren)靜燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)酣睡之(zhi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)頭(tou)(tou)鑼(luo)鼓(gu)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)嗚,火(huo)燒牛(niu)尾(wei),數千頭(tou)(tou)火(huo)牛(niu)四面奔出(chu),直(zhi)沖(chong)燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)大(da)營,齊(qi)(qi)(qi)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)將士(shi)則在吶喊聲中(zhong)隨(sui)牛(niu)沖(chong)殺,頓時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)大(da)亂,統帥(shuai)騎劫一(yi)(yi)命鳴乎。齊(qi)(qi)(qi)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)乘(cheng)(cheng)勝直(zhi)追(zhui),一(yi)(yi)連串地(di)(di)取(qu)得(de)了(le)敗燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)復(fu)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)全部(bu)勝利。之(zhi)后(hou),田(tian)(tian)單(dan)(dan)(dan)返回營城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(今(jin)(jin)山東(dong)(dong)(dong)東(dong)(dong)(dong)營廣饒),于(yu)周(zhou)赧(nan)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)三十(shi)二(er)年(nian)(nian)(田(tian)(tian)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)襄(xiang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)田(tian)(tian)法章元(yuan)年(nian)(nian),公(gong)元(yuan)前(qian)283年(nian)(nian))迎田(tian)(tian)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)襄(xiang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)還都(dou)臨淄(zi)。“火(huo)牛(niu)那(nei)可問,風雨夜(ye)燒青(qing),巌(yan)巌(yan)七十(shi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),一(yi)(yi)夜(ye)息金(jin)刁!”田(tian)(tian)單(dan)(dan)(dan)因(yin)復(fu)國(guo)(guo)(guo)之(zhi)功,被田(tian)(tian)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)襄(xiang)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)封(feng)任為相國(guo)(guo)(guo)、安(an)(an)(an)平(ping)君。在田(tian)(tian)單(dan)(dan)(dan)逝(shi)世后(hou)安(an)(an)(an)葬于(yu)安(an)(an)(an)平(ping)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內(今(jin)(jin)山東(dong)(dong)(dong)淄(zi)博臨淄(zi)區(qu)皇(huang)(huang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鄉皇(huang)(huang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)村東(dong)(dong)(dong)南(nan)(nan)部(bu))。
春秋戰(zhan)國(guo)時(shi)期,齊國(guo)以(yi)(yi)邑為(wei)姓氏(shi)(shi)(shi)者有(you)即(ji)(ji)墨氏(shi)(shi)(shi)、崔氏(shi)(shi)(shi)、盧(lu)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)、鮑氏(shi)(shi)(shi)、來氏(shi)(shi)(shi)、棠氏(shi)(shi)(shi)、檀(tan)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)、晏氏(shi)(shi)(shi)、梁邱氏(shi)(shi)(shi)等二十三(san)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)。即(ji)(ji)墨氏(shi)(shi)(shi)族人大多是田單(dan)的(de)庶支(zhi)子孫,以(yi)(yi)先祖(zu)守即(ji)(ji)墨而得姓,后有(you)省文簡化為(wei)單(dan)姓即(ji)(ji)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)、墨氏(shi)(shi)(shi)者,皆世代(dai)相傳(chuan)。即(ji)(ji)墨氏(shi)(shi)(shi)以(yi)(yi)及分衍的(de)即(ji)(ji)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)、墨氏(shi)(shi)(shi)族人,大多尊奉田單(dan)為(wei)得姓始祖(zu)。
源于姬姓,出自東漢初期著(zhu)名大將(jiang)賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復之(zhi)(zhi)子賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)宗,屬于以(yi)封(feng)邑名稱為(wei)氏。賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復,公元?~55年待考,字君文,南陽冠軍人。少好學,通習(xi)《尚書(shu)》。開始(shi)事(shi)從舞(wu)陰李生,李生奇(qi)之(zhi)(zhi),對自己的門(men)人說(shuo)(shuo):“賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)君之(zhi)(zhi)容(rong)貌志氣如此,而(er)勤(qin)于學,將(jiang)相之(zhi)(zhi)器也(ye)。”王(wang)(wang)莽末期,賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復為(wei)縣掾,即管理市場(chang)的小官(guan)。不(bu)(bu)久(jiu),下江、新(xin)市兵起,賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復也(ye)聚眾數(shu)百人于羽山,自號將(jiang)軍。漢更始(shi)帝立,賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復率(lv)其部眾歸(gui)漢中(zhong)王(wang)(wang)劉嘉,官(guan)為(wei)校(xiao)尉(wei)。不(bu)(bu)久(jiu),賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復見漢更始(shi)帝政權混亂,諸將(jiang)放縱(zong),乃對漢中(zhong)王(wang)(wang)說(shuo)(shuo):“臣(chen)聞(wen)圖堯、舜之(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)而(er)不(bu)(bu)能(neng)至者,湯、武是也(ye);圖湯、武之(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)而(er)不(bu)(bu)能(neng)至者,桓、文是也(ye);圖桓、文之(zhi)(zhi)事(shi)而(er)不(bu)(bu)能(neng)至者,六(liu)(liu)國(guo)是也(ye);定六(liu)(liu)國(guo)之(zhi)(zhi)規,欲安守之(zhi)(zhi)而(er)不(bu)(bu)能(neng)至者,亡六(liu)(liu)國(guo)是也(ye)。今漢室中(zhong)興,大王(wang)(wang)以(yi)親戚為(wei)籓輔(fu),天下未(wei)定而(er)安守所(suo)保(bao),所(suo)保(bao)得無不(bu)(bu)可保(bao)乎?”漢中(zhong)王(wang)(wang)感(gan)嘆道:“卿言(yan)大,非吾任也(ye)。大司馬劉公在河北,必能(neng)相施(shi),第(di)持我書(shu)往。”賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復遂辭(ci)別(bie)漢中(zhong)王(wang)(wang),受書(shu)北度河。
及至漢(han)(han)(han)光(guang)武(wu)帝劉(liu)(liu)秀(xiu)起兵,鄧(deng)禹(yu)向(xiang)劉(liu)(liu)秀(xiu)推(tui)薦賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)。劉(liu)(liu)秀(xiu)見(jian)到(dao)賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)后(hou)奇之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),鄧(deng)禹(yu)亦稱賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)有將帥之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)節,于是劉(liu)(liu)秀(xiu)任命賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)為(wei)(wei)破(po)虜將軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)督盜(dao)賊(zei)。賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)迅速(su)平定(ding)了(le)(le)當(dang)(dang)(dang)地的(de)盜(dao)賊(zei),劉(liu)(liu)秀(xiu)以(yi)左驂賜之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。當(dang)(dang)(dang)吏部以(yi)賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)后(hou)來(lai)而好(hao)陵(ling)折等輩,調(diao)補其(qi)為(wei)(wei)鄗尉,劉(liu)(liu)秀(xiu)馬(ma)上(shang)制止說:“賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)督有折沖千(qian)里之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)威,方(fang)任以(yi)職,勿(wu)得擅(shan)除(chu)。”后(hou)劉(liu)(liu)秀(xiu)至信都(今(jin)河(he)(he)(he)北(bei)冀(ji)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)),以(yi)賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)為(wei)(wei)偏將軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)。不(bu)久賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)率軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)攻(gong)克邯鄲,遷升(sheng)都護將軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)。在一(yi)(yi)次跟(gen)隨(sui)劉(liu)(liu)秀(xiu)擊(ji)青犢于射犬時,雙方(fang)大(da)戰(zhan)至中(zhong)午,敵軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)首領(ling)陳(chen)堅堅守(shou)不(bu)退。劉(liu)(liu)秀(xiu)傳召賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu):“吏士(shi)皆(jie)饑,可且朝飯。”賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)卻回(hui)答:“先(xian)破(po)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),然后(hou)食耳!”于是被羽(yu)先(xian)登,所(suo)向(xiang)皆(jie)靡,陳(chen)堅不(bu)敵而潰敗。諸(zhu)將皆(jie)佩服(fu)賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)勇(yong)。之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou),賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)又(you)在北(bei)方(fang)與(yu)五(wu)(wu)校(xiao)戰(zhan)于真定(ding)(今(jin)河(he)(he)(he)北(bei)正(zheng)定(ding)),大(da)破(po)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。但賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)也(ye)受了(le)(le)重傷。當(dang)(dang)(dang)時劉(liu)(liu)秀(xiu)得知(zhi)賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)重傷后(hou)大(da)驚:“我所(suo)以(yi)不(bu)令(ling)賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)別將者(zhe),為(wei)(wei)其(qi)輕敵也(ye)。果(guo)然,失吾名將。聞其(qi)婦有孕(yun),生(sheng)女(nv)邪,我子(zi)娶之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),生(sheng)男(nan)邪,我女(nv)嫁之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),不(bu)令(ling)其(qi)憂妻子(zi)也(ye)。”誰知(zhi)賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)很快就(jiu)傷愈(yu),一(yi)(yi)好(hao)就(jiu)立(li)即(ji)追到(dao)薊(ji)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)去見(jian)劉(liu)(liu)秀(xiu)。劉(liu)(liu)秀(xiu)見(jian)到(dao)賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)沒事了(le)(le),“甚歡(huan),大(da)饗士(shi)卒,令(ling)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)居前,擊(ji)鄴(ye)賊(zei),破(po)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”劉(liu)(liu)秀(xiu)即(ji)位為(wei)(wei)漢(han)(han)(han)光(guang)武(wu)帝之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou),拜賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)為(wei)(wei)執金吾,封(feng)冠軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)侯。之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)先(xian)領(ling)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)度河(he)(he)(he)攻(gong)朱鮪(wei)于洛(luo)陽,再與(yu)白虎公(gong)陳(chen)僑鏖戰(zhan),連(lian)破(po)降(jiang)(jiang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。東漢(han)(han)(han)建(jian)武(wu)二(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(公(gong)元(yuan)26年(nian)(nian)),益封(feng)賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)穰(今(jin)河(he)(he)(he)南(nan)(nan)鄧(deng)州)、朝陽二(er)(er)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)。當(dang)(dang)(dang)時漢(han)(han)(han)更(geng)始帝的(de)屬(shu)下郾(yan)(yan)(yan)王尹尊及諸(zhu)大(da)將在南(nan)(nan)方(fang)未(wei)(wei)降(jiang)(jiang)者(zhe)尚多,漢(han)(han)(han)光(guang)武(wu)帝召集諸(zhu)將議兵事。當(dang)(dang)(dang)時大(da)家(jia)竇不(bu)說話(hua)言(yan)(yan),沉吟久之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),漢(han)(han)(han)光(guang)武(wu)帝以(yi)檄叩(kou)地曰:“郾(yan)(yan)(yan)最(zui)強,宛(wan)為(wei)(wei)次,誰當(dang)(dang)(dang)擊(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)?”賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)率然回(hui)答:“臣請(qing)擊(ji)郾(yan)(yan)(yan)。”漢(han)(han)(han)光(guang)武(wu)帝一(yi)(yi)見(jian)賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu),就(jiu)笑了(le)(le):“執金吾擊(ji)郾(yan)(yan)(yan),吾復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)何憂!卿(qing)謀(mou)略過人,今(jin)則其(qi)以(yi)便(bian)宜(yi)從事,勿(wu)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)先(xian)請(qing)。”遂派遣(qian)賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)與(yu)騎都尉陰識(shi)、驍騎將軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)劉(liu)(liu)植南(nan)(nan)度五(wu)(wu)社津(jin)(今(jin)河(he)(he)(he)南(nan)(nan)鞏縣(xian)(xian)(xian)北(bei)部)出(chu)擊(ji)郾(yan)(yan)(yan)王尹尊,賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)領(ling)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)連(lian)連(lian)破(po)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。一(yi)(yi)個來(lai)月,郾(yan)(yan)(yan)王尹尊歸降(jiang)(jiang),盡(jin)定(ding)其(qi)地。之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou),賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)再引軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)東擊(ji)漢(han)(han)(han)更(geng)始帝屬(shu)下的(de)淮陽太守(shou)暴汜,暴汜也(ye)歸降(jiang)(jiang),屬(shu)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)悉(xi)定(ding)。到(dao)了(le)(le)秋天(tian),賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)再次領(ling)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)南(nan)(nan)擊(ji)召陵(ling)(今(jin)河(he)(he)(he)南(nan)(nan)漯河(he)(he)(he)召陵(ling))、新息(今(jin)河(he)(he)(he)南(nan)(nan)息縣(xian)(xian)(xian)),皆(jie)平定(ding)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。東漢(han)(han)(han)建(jian)武(wu)三(san)年(nian)(nian)(公(gong)元(yuan)27年(nian)(nian))春季,賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)因功(gong)官(guan)遷左將軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun),再領(ling)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun)出(chu)擊(ji)赤眉(mei)于新城(今(jin)湖北(bei)大(da)悟)、澠池(今(jin)河(he)(he)(he)南(nan)(nan)澠池)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間,連(lian)破(po)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。不(bu)久與(yu)漢(han)(han)(han)光(guang)武(wu)帝會師于宜(yi)陽(今(jin)河(he)(he)(he)南(nan)(nan)洛(luo)陽宜(yi)陽),降(jiang)(jiang)服(fu)了(le)(le)所(suo)有的(de)赤眉(mei)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)(jun),完全穩定(ding)了(le)(le)東漢(han)(han)(han)王朝。賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)一(yi)(yi)生(sheng)征戰(zhan),從未(wei)(wei)又(you)敗績,他(ta)數次解除(chu)了(le)(le)諸(zhu)將的(de)潰圍解急,曾身受十(shi)二(er)(er)次重傷。漢(han)(han)(han)光(guang)武(wu)帝以(yi)賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)善用兵、敢深入,凡沒把握的(de)遠征之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)戰(zhan),皆(jie)帶(dai)著賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)而壯其(qi)勇(yong)節,常自(zi)從之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故(gu)而賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)一(yi)(yi)直沒有什么單(dan)方(fang)面的(de)特殊之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)勛。后(hou)來(lai)諸(zhu)將每論功(gong)自(zi)伐(fa),賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)未(wei)(wei)嘗有言(yan)(yan)。漢(han)(han)(han)光(guang)武(wu)帝卻說:“賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)君之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功(gong),我自(zi)知(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”
東(dong)漢(han)建武十(shi)三年(nian)(nian)(公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)37年(nian)(nian)),定封(feng)膠(jiao)東(dong)侯(hou)(hou),食(shi)郁秩、壯武、下(xia)密、即(ji)(ji)墨(mo)、梃(ting)、觀陽,凡六縣。賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復深(shen)知漢(han)光武帝(di)一(yi)直欲偃(yan)干(gan)戈(ge),修(xiu)文(wen)德,不欲功(gong)臣(chen)擁眾(zhong)京師(shi),乃與高密侯(hou)(hou)鄧禹并(bing)剽甲兵,敦儒(ru)學(xue)。漢(han)光武帝(di)深(shen)然之,遂罷左(zuo)右(you)將軍。賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復以(yi)列侯(hou)(hou)就第,加位特進(jin)。賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復為(wei)(wei)(wei)人(ren)剛毅方(fang)直,多大節。既還私第,闔門養威重。漢(han)光武帝(di)最(zui)信任的同窗(chuang)朱祐大力推薦賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復宜(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)宰相,漢(han)光武帝(di)方(fang)以(yi)吏(li)事責(ze)三公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong),故(gu)功(gong)臣(chen)并(bing)不用(yong)。是時,列侯(hou)(hou)中惟高密、固始、膠(jiao)東(dong)三侯(hou)(hou)與公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)卿參(can)議國家大事,恩遇甚厚。東(dong)漢(han)建武三十(shi)一(yi)年(nian)(nian)(公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)55年(nian)(nian)),賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復逝世,賜(si)謚“剛侯(hou)(hou)”。到了東(dong)漢(han)漢(han)章帝(di)劉炟即(ji)(ji)位(公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)76~87年(nian)(nian)在位),封(feng)賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復的兒子賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)邯為(wei)(wei)(wei)膠(jiao)東(dong)侯(hou)(hou),封(feng)賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)邯的弟弟賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)為(wei)(wei)(wei)即(ji)(ji)墨(mo)侯(hou)(hou),各(ge)領(ling)一(yi)縣。即(ji)(ji)墨(mo)侯(hou)(hou)賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)宗(zong)(zong)(zong),字(zi)武孺,少有操行(xing),多智(zhi)略。初拜郎中,稍(shao)遷,東(dong)漢(han)建初五年(nian)(nian)(公(gong)(gong)(gong)(gong)元(yuan)80年(nian)(nian))為(wei)(wei)(wei)朔方(fang)太守。舊內郡(jun)徙人(ren)在邊者,率多貧弱(ruo),為(wei)(wei)(wei)居人(ren)所仆役,不得為(wei)(wei)(wei)吏(li)。賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)擢(zhuo)用(yong)其(qi)任職(zhi)者,與邊吏(li)參(can)選(xuan),轉相監司,以(yi)揭(jie)發其(qi)奸(jian),或以(yi)功(gong)次補長吏(li),故(gu)各(ge)愿盡死。匈(xiong)奴當時十(shi)分懼(ju)怕賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)宗(zong)(zong)(zong),不敢入塞。后征為(wei)(wei)(wei)長水校尉。賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)宗(zong)(zong)(zong)還精通儒(ru)術,每(mei)宴見(jian),常使與少府(fu)丁(ding)鴻(hong)等論(lun)議于前。
東漢章(zhang)和二年(nian)(公元88年(nian)),賈宗逝世,東漢朝廷(ting)上下都為他的去世而十分(fen)愍惜。賈宗的兒子叫賈參(can)。在賈參(can)的庶支子孫中,有以先祖爵號“即墨(mo)侯”為姓(xing)氏(shi)者(zhe),稱即墨(mo)氏(shi),后有一部分(fen)人省文簡(jian)改為單姓(xing)墨(mo)氏(shi),一部分(fen)復為賈氏(shi),皆世代(dai)相傳至今。
田單、賈復。
即(ji)墨氏(shi)復姓(xing)(xing)是非常(chang)古老的姓(xing)(xing)氏(shi)之一,但(dan)今已(yi)經多(duo)省文簡(jian)改(gai)為(wei)單(dan)姓(xing)(xing)即(ji)氏(shi)、墨氏(shi),即(ji)墨氏(shi)復姓(xing)(xing)反而難見了。
膠(jiao)東郡(jun):西(xi)漢時(shi)期設(she)置膠(jiao)東郡(jun),之后有(you)時(shi)是國,治所(suo)在即墨(mo)(今(jin)山東平(ping)度)。
即(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)墨(mo)縣(xian):春秋、戰國(guo)(guo)時期即(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)墨(mo)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)齊國(guo)(guo)。秦朝(chao)時期設(she)即(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)墨(mo)縣(xian),屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)齊郡(jun)。西漢時期,即(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)墨(mo)縣(xian)城同時為(wei)膠東(dong)王國(guo)(guo)都城。東(dong)漢及兩晉時期屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)青(qing)州。隋、唐(tang)、明、清(qing)時期均屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)萊(lai)州。民(min)國(guo)(guo)三(san)十(shi)二年(nian)(nian)(癸(gui)未,公元(yuan)1943年(nian)(nian))分(fen)設(she)即(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)東(dong)、即(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)墨(mo)兩縣(xian),民(min)國(guo)(guo)三(san)十(shi)三(san)年(nian)(nian)(甲申,公元(yuan)1944年(nian)(nian))4月(yue)(yue)即(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)東(dong)縣(xian)并(bing)入即(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)墨(mo)縣(xian),民(min)國(guo)(guo)三(san)十(shi)四年(nian)(nian)(乙酉,公元(yuan)1945年(nian)(nian))7月(yue)(yue),恢復即(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)東(dong)縣(xian)。中(zhong)華(hua)人民(min)共和國(guo)(guo)建(jian)國(guo)(guo)初期,屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)膠州專(zhuan)區(qu)。1956年(nian)(nian)3月(yue)(yue)即(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)東(dong)縣(xian)并(bing)入即(ji)(ji)(ji)(ji)墨(mo)縣(xian),改(gai)(gai)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)萊(lai)陽專(zhuan)區(qu)。1958年(nian)(nian)10月(yue)(yue)改(gai)(gai)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)青(qing)島市。1961年(nian)(nian)3月(yue)(yue),改(gai)(gai)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)煙臺專(zhuan)區(qu)。1978年(nian)(nian)12月(yue)(yue)改(gai)(gai)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)(shu)青(qing)島市。1989年(nian)(nian)9月(yue)(yue)撤縣(xian)設(she)市。
膠東堂:以望立堂。
即墨堂:以望立堂。
即墨(mo)威:(生卒年待考(kao)),山東(dong)即墨(mo)人。著名漢朝咸(xian)陽令(ling)。