源于媯姓,出自戰(zhan)國(guo)(guo)時(shi)期齊(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)大將(jiang)田單守邑,屬于以封(feng)邑名稱為氏。據史籍《晏子春秋(qiu)·內篇問》記(ji)載(zai)(zai):“即(ji)(ji)(ji)墨氏,據齊(qi)(qi)將(jiang)田單守即(ji)(ji)(ji)墨,支孫氏焉。”在史籍《風(feng)俗通義·佚文》中引《姓解》記(ji)載(zai)(zai):“即(ji)(ji)(ji)墨氏,漢(han)有(you)(you)即(ji)(ji)(ji)墨威為咸陽令(ling)(ling)……漢(han)有(you)(you)單父令(ling)(ling)即(ji)(ji)(ji)費,其先(xian)食(shi)采(cai)即(ji)(ji)(ji)墨,因以命(ming)氏。”在史籍《漢(han)書·儒林傳》也記(ji)載(zai)(zai):“戰(zhan)國(guo)(guo)城陽相(xiang)即(ji)(ji)(ji)墨成,齊(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)人。”
即墨[即墨,讀音作jí mò(ㄐㄧˊㄇㄛˋ)]
源于媯姓,出自戰(zhan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)晚期(qi)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)大(da)將田(tian)單守邑(yi),屬(shu)于以封邑(yi)名(ming)稱(cheng)為氏。據史籍《晏子春秋·內篇(pian)問(wen)》記載(zai):“即(ji)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)氏,據齊(qi)(qi)(qi)將田(tian)單守即(ji)墨(mo)(mo)(mo),支(zhi)(zhi)孫氏焉。”在史籍《風俗通義(yi)·佚文》中(zhong)(zhong)引《姓解》記載(zai):“即(ji)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)氏,漢(han)有即(ji)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)威為咸陽令(ling)……漢(han)有單父令(ling)即(ji)費,其(qi)先食采即(ji)墨(mo)(mo)(mo),因以命氏。”在史籍《漢(han)書·儒(ru)林傳》也記載(zai):“戰(zhan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)城陽相即(ji)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)成(cheng),齊(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)人。”田(tian)單,是齊(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)王族(zu)田(tian)氏家(jia)族(zu)的遠房支(zhi)(zhi)親,山(shan)東(dong)淄博臨淄人。齊(qi)(qi)(qi)湣(min)王田(tian)地執政時期(qi)(公元前323~前283年在位(wei)(wei)),田(tian)單出任齊(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)都城臨淄的市(shi)掾(管(guan)理(li)商(shang)貿市(shi)場的官員(yuan)),是一位(wei)(wei)資(zi)歷(li)淺、爵位(wei)(wei)低、名(ming)氣微的小(xiao)吏。但是,田(tian)單善于學習,頗愛兵法,對戰(zhan)略戰(zhan)術有過精心研究,后率軍駐守即(ji)墨(mo)(mo)(mo)(今山(shan)東(dong)青(qing)島即(ji)墨(mo)(mo)(mo))。在燕(yan)軍伐齊(qi)(qi)(qi)的戰(zhan)爭中(zhong)(zhong),以奇計制勝(sheng),大(da)敗燕(yan)軍,表現了一位(wei)(wei)軍事家(jia)的非凡才能(neng),被田(tian)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)襄(xiang)王封為安平(ping)君(jun),是齊(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)軍家(jia)的后起之秀。戰(zhan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)時期(qi),列國(guo)(guo)(guo)爭雄,頻(pin)繁的掠奪戰(zhan)爭,給人民(min)造成(cheng)了無窮的災難(nan)。
周(zhou)慎靚王(wang)(wang)姬(ji)(ji)(ji)定(ding)三年(nian)(燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)王(wang)(wang)姬(ji)(ji)(ji)噲(kuai)(kuai)三年(nian),田齊(qi)宣王(wang)(wang)田辟疆(jiang)三年(nian),公(gong)元前318年(nian)),燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)王(wang)(wang)姬(ji)(ji)(ji)噲(kuai)(kuai)將王(wang)(wang)位禪(chan)讓給姬(ji)(ji)(ji)子(zi)(zi)之(zhi),實行政(zheng)治改革。姬(ji)(ji)(ji)子(zi)(zi)之(zhi)行王(wang)(wang)事三年(nian),與反對(dui)改革的勢(shi)力發生(sheng)矛盾,燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)大將市(shi)被與太子(zi)(zi)姬(ji)(ji)(ji)平起兵反叛,雙方激戰數(shu)月,死(si)者數(shu)萬,燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)大亂,市(shi)被及(ji)太子(zi)(zi)姬(ji)(ji)(ji)平被姬(ji)(ji)(ji)子(zi)(zi)之(zhi)攻殺。這時(shi)(shi),齊(qi)宣王(wang)(wang)田辟疆(jiang)在孟柯的勸說(shuo)下(xia),乘燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)危(wei)機之(zhi)時(shi)(shi)出兵伐燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)國(guo)(guo)(guo),僅(jin)五十天即攻破燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)都城,燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)王(wang)(wang)姬(ji)(ji)(ji)噲(kuai)(kuai)和姬(ji)(ji)(ji)子(zi)(zi)之(zhi)皆被齊(qi)軍所(suo)殺。中山(shan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)也趁此機會(hui)奪占了燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)大片土地,燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)國(guo)(guo)(guo)幾(ji)乎(hu)亡(wang)國(guo)(guo)(guo)。
周(zhou)赧王(wang)(wang)姬延(yan)三(san)(san)年(趙武(wu)靈王(wang)(wang)趙雍十四年,公元(yuan)前(qian)312年),秦、魏、韓三(san)(san)國聯(lian)軍救燕(yan)(yan),擊敗(bai)齊軍于(yu)濮(pu)水之上。第二(er)年,趙武(wu)靈王(wang)(wang)派兵將(jiang)流(liu)亡(wang)在韓國的燕(yan)(yan)公子姬職護(hu)送回燕(yan)(yan)國,立為(wei)燕(yan)(yan)昭(zhao)王(wang)(wang)。燕(yan)(yan)昭(zhao)王(wang)(wang)立志(zhi)報仇雪恨,卑(bei)身厚(hou)幣,高(gao)筑黃金(jin)臺(tai),招聚天下(xia)賢士,得樂毅(yi)等人(ren)相助,勵精圖治,燕(yan)(yan)國從此強(qiang)大起來(lai)。這一段歷(li)史時期,燕(yan)(yan)國北(bei)破東胡,將(jiang)領土(tu)擴大到遼(liao)東地區,設置了上古、漁陽(yang)、右北(bei)平、遼(liao)西、遼(liao)東五郡,疆(jiang)域有今滹沱以(yi)北(bei)的河北(bei)中部(bu)、遼(liao)寧大部(bu)、山西一部(bu),再次成為(wei)一方強(qiang)國。
周赧(nan)王(wang)(wang)三(san)十(shi)一(yi)年(田(tian)(tian)(tian)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)湣(min)王(wang)(wang)田(tian)(tian)(tian)地十(shi)七(qi)(qi)年,燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)昭(zhao)王(wang)(wang)姬職二(er)十(shi)八年,公元(yuan)(yuan)前284年),燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)昭(zhao)王(wang)(wang)以(yi)樂毅(yi)為(wei)上(shang)(shang)將(jiang)軍(jun)(jun)(jun),聯(lian)合(he)了(le)(le)秦、楚、趙、魏、韓五(wu)國(guo)共同(tong)伐齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)。田(tian)(tian)(tian)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)湣(min)王(wang)(wang)因(yin)國(guo)力(li)不(bu)足(zu),已毫無(wu)應(ying)戰的(de)(de)(de)力(li)量,只得棄都(dou)(dou)南逃(tao)莒城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)偏安(an)(an)(an)(an)一(yi)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。因(yin)此,燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)長(chang)驅直(zhi)入,連(lian)下齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)七(qi)(qi)十(shi)余城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),之后(hou)在(zai)(zai)臨淄擊(ji)(ji)殺田(tian)(tian)(tian)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)湣(min)王(wang)(wang)。當(dang)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)只剩下了(le)(le)高(gao)大(da)堅固的(de)(de)(de)莒城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(今(jin)(jin)山東(dong)(dong)(dong)日照莒縣)和(he)即墨(mo)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(今(jin)(jin)山東(dong)(dong)(dong)平(ping)(ping)度)這兩(liang)座城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)池,使(shi)(shi)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)處在(zai)(zai)危亡的(de)(de)(de)關鍵(jian)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)刻(ke)。燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)攻(gong)破臨淄后(hou),又東(dong)(dong)(dong)渡淄河進取安(an)(an)(an)(an)平(ping)(ping)。安(an)(an)(an)(an)平(ping)(ping)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(又名酃(ling)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、皇城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)、石槽(cao)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng))位(wei)于淄水東(dong)(dong)(dong)岸,這時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),早(zao)從(cong)臨淄退(tui)守安(an)(an)(an)(an)平(ping)(ping)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)的(de)(de)(de)田(tian)(tian)(tian)單(dan)(dan)正在(zai)(zai)積(ji)極(ji)籌劃拒敵(di)方略。為(wei)使(shi)(shi)戰車(che)進退(tui)方便(bian),避免撞(zhuang)擊(ji)(ji),他(ta)命(ming)令(ling)宗(zong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)部下疾速斷去(qu)(qu)車(che)軸長(chang)頭(tou),并固上(shang)(shang)鐵籠,當(dang)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)許多齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)兵(bing)都(dou)(dou)笑(xiao)話他(ta)。但(dan)當(dang)安(an)(an)(an)(an)平(ping)(ping)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)失守時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),許多齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)兵(bing)將(jiang)在(zai)(zai)撤退(tui)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)因(yin)車(che)軸相(xiang)撞(zhuang),戰車(che)被毀(hui),紛紛落入燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)之手做了(le)(le)俘虜,唯獨田(tian)(tian)(tian)單(dan)(dan)宗(zong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)及部下安(an)(an)(an)(an)然(ran)退(tui)居(ju)即墨(mo)。車(che)軸的(de)(de)(de)改革(ge)和(he)巧勝(sheng)樂毅(yi)的(de)(de)(de)謀略,使(shi)(shi)田(tian)(tian)(tian)單(dan)(dan)在(zai)(zai)田(tian)(tian)(tian)氏宗(zong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)中名聲大(da)振,威望更高(gao)。在(zai)(zai)即墨(mo)大(da)夫(fu)戰死疆(jiang)場后(hou),田(tian)(tian)(tian)單(dan)(dan)便(bian)被宗(zong)族及部下們推為(wei)拒燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)統帥。足(zu)智多謀的(de)(de)(de)田(tian)(tian)(tian)單(dan)(dan),并沒有因(yin)暫時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)的(de)(de)(de)失利而氣餒,他(ta)肩負(fu)眾托,決心(xin)(xin)復國(guo),從(cong)而細心(xin)(xin)分析戰爭(zheng)發展變化(hua)的(de)(de)(de)形勢,窺測出(chu)戰的(de)(de)(de)良(liang)機。就在(zai)(zai)這個時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)候,傳(chuan)來了(le)(le)燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)昭(zhao)王(wang)(wang)病死,燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)惠(hui)王(wang)(wang)即位(wei)的(de)(de)(de)消息(xi)。于是,田(tian)(tian)(tian)單(dan)(dan)利用(yong)燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)惠(hui)王(wang)(wang)與樂毅(yi)之間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)關系(xi)有裂(lie)隙(xi),派人(ren)(ren)(ren)去(qu)(qu)燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)惠(hui)王(wang)(wang)面前讒言挑(tiao)撥,進一(yi)步激(ji)化(hua)了(le)(le)君(jun)臣間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)矛盾,致(zhi)使(shi)(shi)燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)惠(hui)王(wang)(wang)猜(cai)忌樂毅(yi),很快就改用(yong)騎劫為(wei)統帥。燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)惠(hui)王(wang)(wang)自(zi)毀(hui)長(chang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),撤換了(le)(le)智勇雙全的(de)(de)(de)樂毅(yi),樂毅(yi)后(hou)來怒而棄燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)國(guo),奔赴趙國(guo)。在(zai)(zai)燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)變更領軍(jun)(jun)(jun)將(jiang)帥之時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),田(tian)(tian)(tian)單(dan)(dan)抓住燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)將(jiang)驕傲的(de)(de)(de)弱(ruo)點,用(yong)以(yi)金錢賄賂,渙散燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)紀,進一(yi)步使(shi)(shi)燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)放松戒(jie)備。而自(zi)己卻積(ji)極(ji)作應(ying)戰計(ji)劃和(he)出(chu)擊(ji)(ji)準備。他(ta)還(huan)集田(tian)(tian)(tian)氏宗(zong)人(ren)(ren)(ren)登城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),親眼目(mu)睹燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)對齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)人(ren)(ren)(ren)燒掠、削鼻屠殺和(he)掘(jue)墳辱尸的(de)(de)(de)殘無(wu)人(ren)(ren)(ren)道(dao)的(de)(de)(de)暴行,從(cong)而激(ji)發了(le)(le)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)兵(bing)同(tong)仇敵(di)愾、收復失地的(de)(de)(de)士氣。之后(hou),田(tian)(tian)(tian)單(dan)(dan)組織老(lao)弱(ruo)女子乘城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),以(yi)示降燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan),同(tong)時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)組織甲卒(zu)精兵(bing)埋伏于城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內四周,又將(jiang)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內千(qian)余頭(tou)牛,雙角裝(zhuang)上(shang)(shang)鋒利的(de)(de)(de)匕(bi)首,身(shen)著(zhu)畫有龍(long)紋圖(tu)案的(de)(de)(de)五(wu)彩(cai)繒(zeng)衣,尾束(shu)灌足(zu)脂油的(de)(de)(de)蘆(lu)葦,后(hou)隨(sui)精甲壯士五(wu)千(qian)余人(ren)(ren)(ren),布下了(le)(le)火(huo)(huo)牛陣。當(dang)夜深人(ren)(ren)(ren)靜燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)酣睡(shui)之時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi),城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)頭(tou)鑼鼓齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)嗚(wu),火(huo)(huo)燒牛尾,數千(qian)頭(tou)火(huo)(huo)牛四面奔出(chu),直(zhi)沖燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)大(da)營(ying)(ying),齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)將(jiang)士則在(zai)(zai)吶喊聲中隨(sui)牛沖殺,頓時(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)大(da)亂,統帥騎劫一(yi)命(ming)鳴乎(hu)。齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)軍(jun)(jun)(jun)乘勝(sheng)直(zhi)追,一(yi)連(lian)串地取得了(le)(le)敗燕(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)(yan)復齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)的(de)(de)(de)全部勝(sheng)利。之后(hou),田(tian)(tian)(tian)單(dan)(dan)返(fan)回營(ying)(ying)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)(今(jin)(jin)山東(dong)(dong)(dong)東(dong)(dong)(dong)營(ying)(ying)廣饒(rao)),于周赧(nan)王(wang)(wang)三(san)十(shi)二(er)年(田(tian)(tian)(tian)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)襄王(wang)(wang)田(tian)(tian)(tian)法章元(yuan)(yuan)年,公元(yuan)(yuan)前283年)迎田(tian)(tian)(tian)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)襄王(wang)(wang)還(huan)都(dou)(dou)臨淄。“火(huo)(huo)牛那(nei)可問,風雨夜燒青,巌巌七(qi)(qi)十(shi)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng),一(yi)夜息(xi)金刁!”田(tian)(tian)(tian)單(dan)(dan)因(yin)復國(guo)之功,被田(tian)(tian)(tian)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)襄王(wang)(wang)封(feng)任(ren)為(wei)相(xiang)國(guo)、安(an)(an)(an)(an)平(ping)(ping)君(jun)。在(zai)(zai)田(tian)(tian)(tian)單(dan)(dan)逝世(shi)后(hou)安(an)(an)(an)(an)葬于安(an)(an)(an)(an)平(ping)(ping)城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)內(今(jin)(jin)山東(dong)(dong)(dong)淄博臨淄區皇城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)鄉皇城(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)村東(dong)(dong)(dong)南部)。
春(chun)秋戰(zhan)國時期,齊國以邑為(wei)(wei)姓氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe)有即(ji)(ji)墨氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、崔氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、盧氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、鮑氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、來氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、棠氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、檀氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、晏(yan)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、梁邱氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)等二十(shi)三(san)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)。即(ji)(ji)墨氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)族人大多是田單的庶(shu)支子孫,以先祖守即(ji)(ji)墨而(er)得姓,后有省文簡(jian)化為(wei)(wei)單姓即(ji)(ji)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、墨氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)者(zhe),皆世代(dai)相傳(chuan)。即(ji)(ji)墨氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)以及分衍的即(ji)(ji)氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)、墨氏(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)(shi)族人,大多尊奉田單為(wei)(wei)得姓始祖。
源于(yu)姬姓,出自東漢(han)(han)初(chu)期著名大將(jiang)賈(jia)復(fu)之(zhi)子賈(jia)宗,屬于(yu)以封邑名稱為氏。賈(jia)復(fu),公(gong)元?~55年待考,字君文(wen),南陽冠軍人(ren)(ren)。少好學,通習《尚書》。開始(shi)事從舞(wu)陰李生(sheng),李生(sheng)奇之(zhi),對自己的門人(ren)(ren)說:“賈(jia)君之(zhi)容貌(mao)志氣如此,而(er)(er)勤于(yu)學,將(jiang)相之(zhi)器也(ye)。”王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)莽末期,賈(jia)復(fu)為縣掾(yuan),即管理市(shi)場的小官。不久,下江、新(xin)市(shi)兵起,賈(jia)復(fu)也(ye)聚眾數(shu)百人(ren)(ren)于(yu)羽山,自號將(jiang)軍。漢(han)(han)更始(shi)帝立,賈(jia)復(fu)率其(qi)部眾歸漢(han)(han)中(zhong)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)劉嘉,官為校(xiao)尉(wei)。不久,賈(jia)復(fu)見(jian)漢(han)(han)更始(shi)帝政權混亂,諸將(jiang)放縱,乃對漢(han)(han)中(zhong)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)說:“臣聞圖堯、舜之(zhi)事而(er)(er)不能(neng)至者(zhe),湯、武是也(ye);圖湯、武之(zhi)事而(er)(er)不能(neng)至者(zhe),桓、文(wen)是也(ye);圖桓、文(wen)之(zhi)事而(er)(er)不能(neng)至者(zhe),六國(guo)是也(ye);定六國(guo)之(zhi)規,欲安(an)守之(zhi)而(er)(er)不能(neng)至者(zhe),亡六國(guo)是也(ye)。今漢(han)(han)室中(zhong)興,大王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)以親戚(qi)為籓(fan)輔,天(tian)下未定而(er)(er)安(an)守所保,所保得無不可保乎?”漢(han)(han)中(zhong)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang)感嘆道(dao):“卿言大,非(fei)吾(wu)任也(ye)。大司馬(ma)劉公(gong)在(zai)河北,必能(neng)相施(shi),第(di)持我書往。”賈(jia)復(fu)遂辭別漢(han)(han)中(zhong)王(wang)(wang)(wang)(wang),受書北度河。
及(ji)至漢(han)(han)光武(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)劉(liu)(liu)(liu)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)起兵(bing),鄧(deng)禹向劉(liu)(liu)(liu)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)推薦賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)。劉(liu)(liu)(liu)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)見(jian)到(dao)賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)后(hou)奇之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),鄧(deng)禹亦稱賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)有將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)帥(shuai)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)節,于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)是(shi)劉(liu)(liu)(liu)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)任命賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)為(wei)(wei)破虜將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)督盜(dao)賊(zei)(zei)。賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)迅(xun)速平(ping)(ping)定了(le)(le)(le)當(dang)(dang)地的(de)(de)(de)盜(dao)賊(zei)(zei),劉(liu)(liu)(liu)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)以(yi)左(zuo)驂賜(si)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。當(dang)(dang)吏(li)部以(yi)賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)后(hou)來(lai)而(er)好陵(ling)折等輩,調(diao)補其(qi)(qi)(qi)為(wei)(wei)鄗尉,劉(liu)(liu)(liu)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)馬上制止說:“賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)督有折沖千里之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)威,方(fang)任以(yi)職,勿得擅除。”后(hou)劉(liu)(liu)(liu)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)至信都(今(jin)(jin)(jin)河(he)(he)(he)(he)北(bei)(bei)冀縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)),以(yi)賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)為(wei)(wei)偏(pian)將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)久(jiu)(jiu)賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)率軍(jun)攻(gong)克(ke)邯鄲(dan),遷升都護將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)。在(zai)一次跟(gen)隨劉(liu)(liu)(liu)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)擊(ji)青犢于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)射犬(quan)時(shi),雙(shuang)方(fang)大(da)(da)戰(zhan)至中午,敵(di)軍(jun)首領(ling)陳堅堅守不(bu)(bu)(bu)退。劉(liu)(liu)(liu)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)傳(chuan)召賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu):“吏(li)士皆(jie)饑,可且朝飯(fan)。”賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)卻回(hui)答:“先(xian)(xian)破之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),然(ran)后(hou)食耳!”于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)是(shi)被羽先(xian)(xian)登,所向皆(jie)靡,陳堅不(bu)(bu)(bu)敵(di)而(er)潰敗(bai)。諸(zhu)將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)皆(jie)佩(pei)服(fu)賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)勇。之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou),賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)又在(zai)北(bei)(bei)方(fang)與(yu)(yu)(yu)五校戰(zhan)于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)真定(今(jin)(jin)(jin)河(he)(he)(he)(he)北(bei)(bei)正定),大(da)(da)破之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。但賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)也(ye)受(shou)了(le)(le)(le)重傷(shang)。當(dang)(dang)時(shi)劉(liu)(liu)(liu)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)得知(zhi)(zhi)賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)重傷(shang)后(hou)大(da)(da)驚:“我所以(yi)不(bu)(bu)(bu)令賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)別將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)者,為(wei)(wei)其(qi)(qi)(qi)輕敵(di)也(ye)。果然(ran),失吾名將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)。聞其(qi)(qi)(qi)婦有孕,生女(nv)邪(xie),我子(zi)娶之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),生男邪(xie),我女(nv)嫁之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),不(bu)(bu)(bu)令其(qi)(qi)(qi)憂(you)(you)妻子(zi)也(ye)。”誰知(zhi)(zhi)賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)很快就(jiu)傷(shang)愈(yu),一好就(jiu)立即追到(dao)薊縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)去見(jian)劉(liu)(liu)(liu)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)。劉(liu)(liu)(liu)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)見(jian)到(dao)賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)沒(mei)事(shi)了(le)(le)(le),“甚歡,大(da)(da)饗士卒,令復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)居前,擊(ji)鄴賊(zei)(zei),破之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”劉(liu)(liu)(liu)秀(xiu)(xiu)(xiu)即位為(wei)(wei)漢(han)(han)光武(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou),拜賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)為(wei)(wei)執(zhi)金吾,封冠軍(jun)侯。之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou)賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)先(xian)(xian)領(ling)軍(jun)度(du)河(he)(he)(he)(he)攻(gong)朱鮪于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)洛陽(yang),再與(yu)(yu)(yu)白虎公陳僑鏖戰(zhan),連破降(jiang)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。東漢(han)(han)建(jian)武(wu)(wu)(wu)二(er)(er)年(nian)(nian)(公元26年(nian)(nian)),益封賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)穰(今(jin)(jin)(jin)河(he)(he)(he)(he)南(nan)鄧(deng)州)、朝陽(yang)二(er)(er)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)。當(dang)(dang)時(shi)漢(han)(han)更(geng)始(shi)帝(di)的(de)(de)(de)屬(shu)下郾(yan)(yan)王(wang)(wang)尹尊(zun)及(ji)諸(zhu)大(da)(da)將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)在(zai)南(nan)方(fang)未(wei)降(jiang)者尚多(duo),漢(han)(han)光武(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)召集諸(zhu)將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)議兵(bing)事(shi)。當(dang)(dang)時(shi)大(da)(da)家竇不(bu)(bu)(bu)說話言,沉(chen)吟久(jiu)(jiu)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),漢(han)(han)光武(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)以(yi)檄叩(kou)地曰:“郾(yan)(yan)最強,宛為(wei)(wei)次,誰當(dang)(dang)擊(ji)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)?”賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)率然(ran)回(hui)答:“臣請(qing)擊(ji)郾(yan)(yan)。”漢(han)(han)光武(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)一見(jian)賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu),就(jiu)笑了(le)(le)(le):“執(zhi)金吾擊(ji)郾(yan)(yan),吾復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)何憂(you)(you)!卿謀略過人,今(jin)(jin)(jin)則其(qi)(qi)(qi)以(yi)便宜從事(shi),勿復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)先(xian)(xian)請(qing)。”遂派(pai)遣賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)與(yu)(yu)(yu)騎都尉陰識、驍騎將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun)劉(liu)(liu)(liu)植南(nan)度(du)五社津(今(jin)(jin)(jin)河(he)(he)(he)(he)南(nan)鞏縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)北(bei)(bei)部)出擊(ji)郾(yan)(yan)王(wang)(wang)尹尊(zun),賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)領(ling)軍(jun)連連破之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。一個來(lai)月,郾(yan)(yan)王(wang)(wang)尹尊(zun)歸(gui)降(jiang),盡定其(qi)(qi)(qi)地。之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)后(hou),賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)再引(yin)軍(jun)東擊(ji)漢(han)(han)更(geng)始(shi)帝(di)屬(shu)下的(de)(de)(de)淮陽(yang)太(tai)守暴(bao)汜,暴(bao)汜也(ye)歸(gui)降(jiang),屬(shu)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)悉定。到(dao)了(le)(le)(le)秋天(tian),賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)再次領(ling)軍(jun)南(nan)擊(ji)召陵(ling)(今(jin)(jin)(jin)河(he)(he)(he)(he)南(nan)漯(luo)河(he)(he)(he)(he)召陵(ling))、新息(xi)(今(jin)(jin)(jin)河(he)(he)(he)(he)南(nan)息(xi)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)(xian)),皆(jie)平(ping)(ping)定之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。東漢(han)(han)建(jian)武(wu)(wu)(wu)三年(nian)(nian)(公元27年(nian)(nian))春(chun)季,賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)因(yin)功官(guan)遷左(zuo)將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)軍(jun),再領(ling)軍(jun)出擊(ji)赤眉于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)新城(今(jin)(jin)(jin)湖北(bei)(bei)大(da)(da)悟)、澠(min)池(今(jin)(jin)(jin)河(he)(he)(he)(he)南(nan)澠(min)池)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)間,連破之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。不(bu)(bu)(bu)久(jiu)(jiu)與(yu)(yu)(yu)漢(han)(han)光武(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)會師于(yu)(yu)(yu)(yu)宜陽(yang)(今(jin)(jin)(jin)河(he)(he)(he)(he)南(nan)洛陽(yang)宜陽(yang)),降(jiang)服(fu)了(le)(le)(le)所有的(de)(de)(de)赤眉軍(jun),完全穩定了(le)(le)(le)東漢(han)(han)王(wang)(wang)朝。賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)一生征(zheng)戰(zhan),從未(wei)又敗(bai)績,他(ta)數(shu)次解(jie)除了(le)(le)(le)諸(zhu)將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)的(de)(de)(de)潰圍解(jie)急,曾身受(shou)十二(er)(er)次重傷(shang)。漢(han)(han)光武(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)以(yi)賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)善用兵(bing)、敢(gan)深入,凡沒(mei)把握的(de)(de)(de)遠征(zheng)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)戰(zhan),皆(jie)帶著賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)而(er)壯(zhuang)其(qi)(qi)(qi)勇節,常自(zi)從之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi),故而(er)賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)一直(zhi)沒(mei)有什(shen)么單方(fang)面的(de)(de)(de)特殊之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)勛。后(hou)來(lai)諸(zhu)將(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)每論(lun)功自(zi)伐,賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)復(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)(fu)未(wei)嘗有言。漢(han)(han)光武(wu)(wu)(wu)帝(di)卻說:“賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)君之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)功,我自(zi)知(zhi)(zhi)之(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)。”
東漢(han)(han)建(jian)武(wu)十三(san)年(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)元(yuan)37年(nian)(nian)(nian)),定封膠(jiao)東侯(hou),食郁秩、壯武(wu)、下密、即墨(mo)(mo)、梃(ting)、觀(guan)陽,凡六縣。賈(jia)復(fu)(fu)深知漢(han)(han)光(guang)(guang)武(wu)帝(di)一直欲偃干戈,修文德(de),不(bu)欲功(gong)臣擁眾京師,乃與(yu)(yu)高(gao)密侯(hou)鄧禹并(bing)剽甲兵,敦(dun)儒(ru)(ru)學。漢(han)(han)光(guang)(guang)武(wu)帝(di)深然之,遂罷左右將軍。賈(jia)復(fu)(fu)以(yi)列(lie)侯(hou)就第(di),加位(wei)(wei)特(te)進。賈(jia)復(fu)(fu)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)人(ren)剛毅方(fang)直,多(duo)(duo)大(da)(da)節。既(ji)還私第(di),闔門養威重。漢(han)(han)光(guang)(guang)武(wu)帝(di)最信任的同窗朱祐大(da)(da)力推薦(jian)賈(jia)復(fu)(fu)宜(yi)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)宰相,漢(han)(han)光(guang)(guang)武(wu)帝(di)方(fang)以(yi)吏(li)(li)事責三(san)公(gong),故功(gong)臣并(bing)不(bu)用。是時,列(lie)侯(hou)中惟高(gao)密、固始、膠(jiao)東三(san)侯(hou)與(yu)(yu)公(gong)卿參(can)議國家大(da)(da)事,恩遇甚厚。東漢(han)(han)建(jian)武(wu)三(san)十一年(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)元(yuan)55年(nian)(nian)(nian)),賈(jia)復(fu)(fu)逝世,賜謚“剛侯(hou)”。到(dao)了東漢(han)(han)漢(han)(han)章帝(di)劉(liu)炟即位(wei)(wei)(公(gong)元(yuan)76~87年(nian)(nian)(nian)在(zai)位(wei)(wei)),封賈(jia)復(fu)(fu)的兒子賈(jia)邯(han)為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)膠(jiao)東侯(hou),封賈(jia)邯(han)的弟(di)弟(di)賈(jia)宗為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)即墨(mo)(mo)侯(hou),各領一縣。即墨(mo)(mo)侯(hou)賈(jia)宗,字武(wu)孺,少有操行,多(duo)(duo)智(zhi)略。初拜(bai)郎中,稍遷,東漢(han)(han)建(jian)初五年(nian)(nian)(nian)(公(gong)元(yuan)80年(nian)(nian)(nian))為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)朔方(fang)太(tai)守。舊內郡徙人(ren)在(zai)邊者,率(lv)多(duo)(duo)貧(pin)弱,為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)居(ju)人(ren)所(suo)仆役,不(bu)得為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)吏(li)(li)。賈(jia)宗擢用其任職者,與(yu)(yu)邊吏(li)(li)參(can)選,轉相監司,以(yi)揭發其奸,或(huo)以(yi)功(gong)次補長吏(li)(li),故各愿盡死。匈(xiong)奴當時十分(fen)懼怕賈(jia)宗,不(bu)敢入塞。后征為(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)(wei)長水校尉。賈(jia)宗還精(jing)通儒(ru)(ru)術,每宴見,常使與(yu)(yu)少府丁鴻(hong)等論議于前。
東漢(han)章和二(er)年(公元(yuan)88年),賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)宗逝世(shi),東漢(han)朝廷(ting)上下都為(wei)他的(de)去世(shi)而十分愍(min)惜。賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)宗的(de)兒子(zi)叫賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)參(can)。在(zai)賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)參(can)的(de)庶支子(zi)孫(sun)中,有(you)以先祖(zu)爵號“即(ji)墨侯”為(wei)姓(xing)氏(shi)者,稱即(ji)墨氏(shi),后有(you)一部(bu)(bu)分人(ren)省文簡改為(wei)單姓(xing)墨氏(shi),一部(bu)(bu)分復為(wei)賈(jia)(jia)(jia)(jia)氏(shi),皆世(shi)代相傳至(zhi)今(jin)。
田單、賈復。
即墨(mo)(mo)氏復(fu)姓是非常古老的姓氏之一,但今已經多省文(wen)簡改為單姓即氏、墨(mo)(mo)氏,即墨(mo)(mo)氏復(fu)姓反而難見了。
膠(jiao)東郡:西漢時期(qi)設置膠(jiao)東郡,之后(hou)有時是國(guo),治所在即(ji)墨(今山東平(ping)度)。
即(ji)(ji)(ji)墨(mo)縣(xian)(xian)(xian):春(chun)秋、戰國(guo)(guo)(guo)時(shi)期(qi)即(ji)(ji)(ji)墨(mo)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)齊國(guo)(guo)(guo)。秦(qin)朝時(shi)期(qi)設即(ji)(ji)(ji)墨(mo)縣(xian)(xian)(xian),屬(shu)(shu)(shu)齊郡(jun)。西漢時(shi)期(qi),即(ji)(ji)(ji)墨(mo)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)城同時(shi)為膠(jiao)東王國(guo)(guo)(guo)都(dou)城。東漢及兩晉時(shi)期(qi)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)青州(zhou)。隋、唐、明、清時(shi)期(qi)均(jun)屬(shu)(shu)(shu)萊(lai)州(zhou)。民國(guo)(guo)(guo)三(san)十(shi)(shi)二年(nian)(nian)(癸未,公(gong)元(yuan)1943年(nian)(nian))分設即(ji)(ji)(ji)東、即(ji)(ji)(ji)墨(mo)兩縣(xian)(xian)(xian),民國(guo)(guo)(guo)三(san)十(shi)(shi)三(san)年(nian)(nian)(甲(jia)申(shen),公(gong)元(yuan)1944年(nian)(nian))4月(yue)(yue)(yue)即(ji)(ji)(ji)東縣(xian)(xian)(xian)并入即(ji)(ji)(ji)墨(mo)縣(xian)(xian)(xian),民國(guo)(guo)(guo)三(san)十(shi)(shi)四年(nian)(nian)(乙酉(you),公(gong)元(yuan)1945年(nian)(nian))7月(yue)(yue)(yue),恢復即(ji)(ji)(ji)東縣(xian)(xian)(xian)。中華人民共和國(guo)(guo)(guo)建國(guo)(guo)(guo)初期(qi),屬(shu)(shu)(shu)膠(jiao)州(zhou)專區(qu)。1956年(nian)(nian)3月(yue)(yue)(yue)即(ji)(ji)(ji)東縣(xian)(xian)(xian)并入即(ji)(ji)(ji)墨(mo)縣(xian)(xian)(xian),改屬(shu)(shu)(shu)萊(lai)陽專區(qu)。1958年(nian)(nian)10月(yue)(yue)(yue)改屬(shu)(shu)(shu)青島(dao)市(shi)(shi)。1961年(nian)(nian)3月(yue)(yue)(yue),改屬(shu)(shu)(shu)煙臺專區(qu)。1978年(nian)(nian)12月(yue)(yue)(yue)改屬(shu)(shu)(shu)青島(dao)市(shi)(shi)。1989年(nian)(nian)9月(yue)(yue)(yue)撤(che)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)設市(shi)(shi)。
膠東堂:以望立堂。
即墨堂:以望立堂。
即(ji)(ji)墨威:(生卒年待考),山東(dong)即(ji)(ji)墨人。著名(ming)漢(han)朝(chao)咸陽(yang)令。