第(di)(di)(di)五(wu)姓是漢族(zu)復姓之一,為(wei)田(tian)齊王族(zu)之后(hou)。秦末天下紛爭(zheng),起先(xian)被秦國(guo)所滅的(de)六國(guo),其王族(zu)后(hou)裔們,爭(zheng)先(xian)糾集人(ren)馬反秦復國(guo);而(er)在漢高祖劉邦建立漢朝后(hou),顧(gu)慮到這(zhe)些復國(guo)失敗的(de)舊王族(zu)勢(shi)力,便將(jiang)他們紛紛遷出原(yuan)籍,另外擇(ze)地安置。其中將(jiang)田(tian)齊王族(zu)從第(di)(di)(di)一到第(di)(di)(di)八分為(wei)八支遷走(zou),故而(er)后(hou)人(ren)以(yi)第(di)(di)(di)次為(wei)姓氏(shi),第(di)(di)(di)五(wu)氏(shi)就為(wei)這(zhe)里的(de)一支。如(ru)今,第(di)(di)(di)五(wu)姓多分布于陜西(xi)涇陽(yang)、旬邑一帶(dai),一些第(di)(di)(di)五(wu)姓現(xian)多演化為(wei)第(di)(di)(di)姓、五(wu)姓或伍姓。
第五氏出(chu)名的歷史人物有漢代大司(si)空(kong)第五倫,唐代宰相第五琦(qi)等(deng)。
復姓(xing)第五(wu)可以追溯到舜(shun)帝,其后(hou)有(you)姚、媯、陳(chen)(chen)(chen)、胡、田,皆(jie)為同根(gen)同源,史稱(cheng)“媯汭五(wu)姓(xing)”。后(hou)舜(shun)的后(hou)裔不斷發展,一直到商(shang)朝后(hou)期,舜(shun)的后(hou)代(dai)閼父歸順于周(zhou)(zhou)文王(wang)(wang),任陶正之(zhi)官。后(hou)周(zhou)(zhou)武(wu)王(wang)(wang)消滅商(shang)紂,建立周(zhou)(zhou)朝,并將(jiang)長(chang)女大姬(ji)嫁與閼父之(zhi)子媯滿(man)(man)(舜(shun)后(hou)33代(dai)孫(sun))。后(hou)來,武(wu)王(wang)(wang)追封上古圣王(wang)(wang)的后(hou)裔,媯滿(man)(man)氏(shi)因此(ci)被封為陳(chen)(chen)(chen)侯,位于陳(chen)(chen)(chen)地(di),國都位于今天河南淮陽縣。媯滿(man)(man)史稱(cheng)陳(chen)(chen)(chen)胡公,胡公滿(man)(man),其后(hou)代(dai)以國為姓(xing),從(cong)而產(chan)(chan)生了陳(chen)(chen)(chen)氏(shi),后(hou)代(dai)以胡公謚號為氏(shi),產(chan)(chan)生了胡氏(shi)。
陳(chen)姓(xing)在春秋中期分出田(tian)姓(xing)。在陳(chen)厲(li)公時,陳(chen)國發生了爭奪君位的內亂,陳(chen)厲(li)公之子陳(chen)完逃出齊國避(bi)難(nan),為避(bi)禍而改為田(tian)姓(xing),陳(chen)完是田(tian)姓(xing)的始祖(zu)。陳(chen)完在齊國受到(dao)禮(li)遇(yu),任工正。
陳完的(de)后代田(tian)氏家(jia)族(zu)在齊(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)逐(zhu)漸發展,后掌(zhang)握齊(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)政。公(gong)元(yuan)前481年(nian)(nian),田(tian)乞之子(zi)田(tian)恒(田(tian)常(chang)子(zi))殺(sha)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)簡公(gong)與諸(zhu)多公(gong)族(zu),另立齊(qi)(qi)(qi)平公(gong),進(jin)一(yi)步把持政權,又以“修公(gong)行賞”爭取民心。公(gong)元(yuan)前391年(nian)(nian),田(tian)成子(zi)四世(shi)孫田(tian)和廢齊(qi)(qi)(qi)康公(gong)。公(gong)元(yuan)前386年(nian)(nian),田(tian)和放逐(zhu)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)康公(gong)于(yu)海(hai)上,自立為國(guo)(guo)(guo)君,同年(nian)(nian)為周安王冊命為齊(qi)(qi)(qi)侯,并受到諸(zhu)侯列(lie)國(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)承認,這就(jiu)是歷史上著名的(de)“田(tian)代齊(qi)(qi)(qi)姜(jiang)”。前379年(nian)(nian),齊(qi)(qi)(qi)康公(gong)死(si),姜(jiang)姓齊(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)絕(jue)祀(si)。田(tian)氏仍(reng)以“齊(qi)(qi)(qi)”作為國(guo)(guo)(guo)號(hao),史稱“田(tian)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)”。
西漢(han)時期,為了增強關(guan)中(zhong)的經濟實力,削弱各地豪強的殘余勢(shi)力。將齊(qi)田氏(shi)分(fen)(fen)為八部,分(fen)(fen)別(bie)遷往西安一帶(dai),并要他(ta)們改姓(xing)“第(di)一”“第(di)二”……一直到“第(di)八”。
所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)出自田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)姓(xing),源自漢(han)代遷徙(xi)齊(qi)國(guo)公族(zu)所(suo)改(gai)。據《姓(xing)氏(shi)(shi)考略》載(zai):“齊(qi)田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)氏(shi)(shi)后(hou),漢(han)時齊(qi)諸田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)徙(xi)至京兆(zhao)房陵,以(yi)(yi)(yi)次第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)為(wei)姓(xing),有第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)至第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)八(ba)(ba)。”又《后(hou)漢(han)書·第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)倫傳(chuan)》載(zai):“后(hou)或改(gai)姓(xing)。”漢(han)高祖劉(liu)邦建立(li)漢(han)朝后(hou),為(wei)了增強(qiang)關中的經(jing)濟實力,削弱地方門(men)(men)閥勢力,將豪族(zu)名門(men)(men)共十萬(wan)多人(ren)(ren)都遷徙(xi)到關中房陵(今陜西咸(xian)陽一(yi)帶(dai))一(yi)帶(dai)定居(ju)。在遷徙(xi)原齊(qi)國(guo)田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)姓(xing)貴族(zu)時,因族(zu)大人(ren)(ren)眾,以(yi)(yi)(yi)門(men)(men)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)順序被分為(wei)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)至第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)八(ba)(ba)氏(shi)(shi),例如田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)廣(guang)的弟(di)弟(di)田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)英為(wei)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)八(ba)(ba)氏(shi)(shi),其(qi)孫(sun)(sun)田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)登(deng)為(wei)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)二氏(shi)(shi),元孫(sun)(sun)田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)癸為(wei)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)三氏(shi)(shi),第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)氏(shi)(shi)就是其(qi)中的一(yi)支(zhi),也就產(chan)生了第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)姓(xing)氏(shi)(shi)。唯有“第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)”氏(shi)(shi)這一(yi)支(zhi)后(hou)來出了不少(shao)名人(ren)(ren),得(de)以(yi)(yi)(yi)較普(pu)遍(bian)流(liu)傳(chuan),所(suo)以(yi)(yi)(yi)作(zuo)為(wei)顯姓(xing)收到《續百家(jia)姓(xing)》中。第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)至第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)八(ba)(ba)等(deng)姓(xing),后(hou)來都改(gai)為(wei)單姓(xing)“第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)”及(ji)“五(wu)(wu)”(伍)兩個姓(xing)氏(shi)(shi),現在保(bao)留復(fu)姓(xing)的很(hen)少(shao)。
隴西郡:秦置隴西郡,治(zhi)(zhi)狄道(今甘肅(su)省臨洮南)。曹魏移治(zhi)(zhi)襄武(今東鄉以(yi)東及隴西南一帶地(di)區)。隋唐為渭州(zhou)隴西郡。
東(dong)(dong)郡(jun):東(dong)(dong)郡(jun)始建于秦始皇五年(nian)(庚申(shen),公元(yuan)前242年(nian)),取原魏國之地置東(dong)(dong)郡(jun),包括河北大名(ming)(ming)府、山東(dong)(dong)東(dong)(dong)昌府、及長清縣(xian)(xian)以西(xi)一(yi)帶地區。西(xi)漢時(shi)(shi)期(qi)因之,治(zhi)所在(zai)(zai)濮陽(yang)(yang)(yang)縣(xian)(xian)(今(jin)(jin)河南濮陽(yang)(yang)(yang)),其(qi)(qi)時(shi)(shi)轄地在(zai)(zai)今(jin)(jin)河南省(sheng)南部(bu)仆(pu)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)縣(xian)(xian)及山東(dong)(dong)省(sheng)東(dong)(dong)西(xi)部(bu)一(yi)帶地區。東(dong)(dong)漢初其(qi)(qi)平中(zhong)嘗治(zhi)武(wu)陽(yang)(yang)(yang),臧洪為太守,又治(zhi)東(dong)(dong)武(wu)陽(yang)(yang)(yang)。西(xi)晉朝時(shi)(shi)期(qi)廢(fei)黜,東(dong)(dong)晉朝復置,在(zai)(zai)今(jin)(jin)河南滑(hua)縣(xian)(xian)東(dong)(dong)部(bu)。北魏王(wang)朝徙治(zhi)至滑(hua)臺(今(jin)(jin)河南滑(hua)縣(xian)(xian)),隋朝初期(qi)廢(fei)黜,后曾(ceng)以兗州為東(dong)(dong)郡(jun),此(ci)兗州是由滑(hua)州(今(jin)(jin)河南滑(hua)縣(xian)(xian))改(gai)名(ming)(ming)而成,并非今(jin)(jin)山東(dong)(dong)省(sheng)之兗州。南朝宋(song)國再置東(dong)(dong)郡(jun),在(zai)(zai)河南陳州府境。
隴西堂:以望立堂。
東郡堂:以望立堂,亦稱江(jiang)扈堂。
廉貞(zhen)忠(zhong)厚(hou);正直清高。
——佚名撰第五姓
上(shang)聯典指東(dong)漢長陵人第五倫(lun),字伯(bo)魚,耿(geng)直無私,以清節著稱(cheng)。建武年(nian)間舉孝(xiao)廉,官會稽太守,章(zhang)帝時任司(si)空。下聯典指第五倫(lun)的曾孫第五種。
清高正直;忠厚廉貞。
——佚名(ming)撰(zhuan)第五姓宗祠(ci)通用聯
上聯典指(zhi)東漢(han)·第五種(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)官清正(zheng),名冠州郡,時人謂(wei):“清高(gao)正(zheng)直,以種(zhong)(zhong)為(wei)首。”下聯典指(zhi)第五種(zhong)(zhong)的(de)曾祖父第五倫為(wei)司空,奉(feng)公(gong)盡節,所得俸祿僅給衣(yi)食,余(yu)皆散資貧民。
維揚(yang)邗(han)東第(di)五氏宗譜,著者(zhe)待考,民國年(nian)間(jian)木(mu)刻活字印(yin)本兩冊。現被收藏在(zai)江(jiang)蘇省常州市家(jia)譜收藏者(zhe)朱炳國處。
陜(shan)西旬(xun)邑(yi)第五氏家譜,著者待考(kao),民國年間(jian)手寫本。現被(bei)收藏在陜(shan)西省(sheng)咸陽(yang)市旬(xun)邑(yi)縣魏洛村第五氏宗祠(ci)。
第(di)五(wu)(wu)倫(lun)(lun):字伯魚,京兆長(chang)陵人也,東漢大司空(即東漢宰相)。其(qi)先(xian)齊諸(zhu)田,諸(zhu)田徙園(yuan)陵者多,故以次第(di)為(wei)(wei)氏(shi)。第(di)五(wu)(wu)倫(lun)(lun)曾(ceng)為(wei)(wei)東漢初年光武帝(di)、明帝(di)、章(zhang)帝(di)三(san)朝元老(lao),為(wei)(wei)官清(qing)廉無私(si),盡忠(zhong)守節,其(qi)后(hou)輩有五(wu)(wu)人在朝為(wei)(wei)官,與東漢相始終。
第五(wu)(wu)頡(jie):字子(zi)(zi)陵,第五(wu)(wu)倫(lun)少子(zi)(zi);京兆長陵人(今陜西咸陽)。著名東漢(han)大臣。先為郡功曹,州(zhou)從事,公府辟舉高第,后(hou)為侍(shi)御史,南頓令,桂(gui)陽、南陽、廬(lu)江三郡太(tai)守(shou),諫議(yi)大夫(fu)。漢(han)順帝之為太(tai)子(zi)(zi)廢(fei)也,第五(wu)(wu)頡(jie)為太(tai)中大夫(fu),與太(tai)仆(pu)來歷等共守(shou)闕(que)固爭。漢(han)順帝即(ji)位,第五(wu)(wu)頡(jie)擢(zhuo)為將作(zuo)大匠(jiang),卒(zu)官(guan)。
第五(wu)種:字興先,歷(li)官高(gao)密侯相、兗(yan)州刺史。因(yin)彈(dan)劾中常(chang)侍單(dan)超及(ji)其(qi)侄子(zi)單(dan)匡,屢受陷害。當時人(ren)說:“清高(gao)正直,以(yi)第五(wu)種為第一。”
第五(wu)訪:字(zi)仲謀(mou),東(dong)漢中期京(jing)兆(zhao)長(chang)陵(ling)(今陜(shan)西省(sheng)咸陽市東(dong)北)人(ren)。
第五(wu)上:東漢刺(ci)史,為官(guan)冠名州郡,永壽中以奉使稱(cheng)職,拜(bai)高密侯相,懲治(zhi)貪惡,剛直(zhi)不宥。
第五(wu)元先:東漢學者,通(tong)京氏易、公羊(yang)春秋、三統(tong)歷、九章(zhang)算術,為(wei)鄭(zheng)康成之師。
第五琦:唐(tang)代(dai)同(tong)中書門(men)下(xia)平章事(即(ji)唐(tang)朝宰相(xiang))。曾為扶(fu)風郡公,京(jing)兆(zhao)尹(yin),改戶部侍(shi)郎,判度(du)支等,能言(yan)強國富民術,不益賦而用(yong)以饒。乾元(yuan)時升任(ren)同(tong)中書門(men)下(xia)平章事,終年七十歲,贈太子(zi)少(shao)保、子(zi)峰(feng)。
第五可(ke)范:唐(tang)昭宗的親(qin)信宦(huan)官,后來權臣朱溫迫使(shi)唐(tang)昭宗將第五可(ke)范賜死(si)。
第五均:宋(song)朝人,官(guan)至宰(zai)相,生卒(zu)不(bu)詳。
中國復(fu)姓第(di)五主(zhu)要(yao)聚居在陜西省咸陽市的(de)魏洛(luo)村和埝口五村,這(zhe)兩(liang)個村子(zi)除了個別的(de)雜姓外(wai),基本(ben)都復(fu)姓第(di)五。另外(wai)在全國各地的(de)其它地方(fang)也散居著(zhu)很(hen)多復(fu)姓第(di)五。臺灣有(you)7家(jia)復(fu)姓第(di)五,其祖先(xian)在今天(tian)的(de)魏洛(luo)村,主(zhu)要(yao)居住在臺北(bei)市內湖區。
中國(guo)復姓(xing)(xing)(xing)“第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)”聚居最多的(de)就(jiu)是在(zai)陜(shan)西(xi)省旬(xun)邑縣太村(cun)鎮赤道(dao)社區魏洛村(cun),全村(cun)有(you)4000多人都(dou)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)“第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)”。據村(cun)民(min)介紹,第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)田齊王族之后。祖(zu)上傳說在(zai)漢(han)朝(chao)就(jiu)住在(zai)這里。村(cun)上建有(you)“第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)氏(shi)三朝(chao)宰(zai)相祠(ci)堂”,即東漢(han)漢(han)明(ming)帝時期(qi)大司空(kong):第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)倫(lun),唐(tang)朝(chao)唐(tang)肅宗(zong)時期(qi)宰(zai)相:第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)琦,宋朝(chao)(時期(qi)不(bu)詳)宰(zai)相:第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)均。有(you)“第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)氏(shi)宗(zong)族家(jia)譜”。2007年1月13日,陜(shan)西(xi)省涇陽縣埝口五(wu)(wu)村(cun)。中國(guo)國(guo)家(jia)地理雜志的(de)攝(she)影師馬宏杰(jie)指揮幾(ji)十位村(cun)民(min)拍集體(ti)照(zhao),因為(wei)這些(xie)村(cun)民(min)都(dou)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)“第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)”。“第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)”這個(ge)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)其(qi)實并不(bu)鮮見,古時候從“第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)一”到(dao)“第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)八(ba)”都(dou)是姓(xing)(xing)(xing)氏(shi),《百家(jia)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)》中的(de)最后8個(ge)字就(jiu)是“第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)言福、百家(jia)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)終”。第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)一到(dao)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)八(ba)都(dou)曾存在(zai)過,不(bu)過現在(zai)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)最多的(de)了,第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)主要分(fen)布在(zai)陜(shan)西(xi)涇陽和旬(xun)邑。
今江(jiang)蘇省(sheng)的(de)揚州(zhou)(zhou)市(shi),天津市(shi),陜西省(sheng)的(de)咸陽市(shi)涇陽縣(xian)(xian)、旬邑縣(xian)(xian)、彬(bin)縣(xian)(xian)、西安市(shi)高(gao)陵(ling)縣(xian)(xian),寧夏回族(zu)自治區的(de)吳忠(zhong)市(shi)、靈武市(shi),甘(gan)肅省(sheng)的(de)慶陽市(shi)寧縣(xian)(xian)、浙江(jiang)省(sheng)的(de)舟山市(shi)定海(hai)縣(xian)(xian),安徽省(sheng)的(de)滁州(zhou)(zhou)市(shi),臺灣省(sheng)的(de)臺北市(shi)內湖(hu)區等地,均有第(di)五氏族(zu)人分布(bu),總人口(kou)在六千以上。
其(qi)中(zhong):姓第(di)五(wu)(有的寫成第(di)伍)的在甘肅有178人(ren),姓第(di)的有1587人(ren),合計1765人(ren),主要分(fen)布在甘肅省寧縣(xian)(xian)、慶城縣(xian)(xian)和(he)合水(shui)縣(xian)(xian),蘭州市、嘉(jia)峪關(guan)市、白銀市也(ye)有分(fen)布。甘肅寧縣(xian)(xian)的第(di)(第(di)五(wu))家族,主要居住(zhu)在早(zao)勝鎮(zhen)、良平(ping)鎮(zhen)等地,據考證,其(qi)祖(zu)先(xian)是從陜西(xi)旬邑縣(xian)(xian)赤道鄉魏洛(luo)村遷徙(xi)而來(lai)。
《姓氏考略(lve)》:齊田(tian)氏后,漢(han)時齊諸田(tian)徙至(zhi)京兆(zhao)房陵,以次第(di)(di)為姓,有第(di)(di)一至(zhi)第(di)(di)八。
《后(hou)漢書·第五倫(lun)傳》:后(hou)或改姓。