第(di)五姓(xing)(xing)是漢族(zu)復(fu)姓(xing)(xing)之(zhi)一(yi)(yi),為(wei)田齊(qi)(qi)王族(zu)之(zhi)后。秦末天下紛爭,起先被秦國(guo)所滅的六國(guo),其王族(zu)后裔(yi)們,爭先糾(jiu)集人馬反秦復(fu)國(guo);而在漢高(gao)祖劉邦建立漢朝(chao)后,顧慮(lv)到這些(xie)復(fu)國(guo)失敗的舊王族(zu)勢力,便將他們紛紛遷出原籍,另外擇地安置(zhi)。其中將田齊(qi)(qi)王族(zu)從第(di)一(yi)(yi)到第(di)八分為(wei)八支遷走,故(gu)而后人以(yi)第(di)次(ci)為(wei)姓(xing)(xing)氏,第(di)五氏就為(wei)這里的一(yi)(yi)支。如(ru)今,第(di)五姓(xing)(xing)多分布于陜西(xi)涇陽、旬邑(yi)一(yi)(yi)帶(dai),一(yi)(yi)些(xie)第(di)五姓(xing)(xing)現多演化為(wei)第(di)姓(xing)(xing)、五姓(xing)(xing)或伍姓(xing)(xing)。
第五氏(shi)出名(ming)的歷史(shi)人物有漢(han)代大司空第五倫,唐代宰相第五琦等(deng)。
復姓第五可以追溯到舜帝,其(qi)后(hou)有姚、媯、陳(chen)(chen)(chen)、胡(hu)、田(tian),皆為同根同源,史稱(cheng)(cheng)“媯汭五姓”。后(hou)舜的后(hou)裔不(bu)斷發展,一直(zhi)到商朝后(hou)期(qi),舜的后(hou)代閼父(fu)歸順于(yu)周文王,任陶正之官。后(hou)周武(wu)王消滅商紂(zhou),建(jian)立周朝,并(bing)將(jiang)長女大姬嫁與閼父(fu)之子媯滿(舜后(hou)33代孫)。后(hou)來,武(wu)王追封(feng)上古圣王的后(hou)裔,媯滿氏(shi)因(yin)此被封(feng)為陳(chen)(chen)(chen)侯(hou),位(wei)于(yu)陳(chen)(chen)(chen)地(di),國都位(wei)于(yu)今天河南(nan)淮陽縣。媯滿史稱(cheng)(cheng)陳(chen)(chen)(chen)胡(hu)公(gong),胡(hu)公(gong)滿,其(qi)后(hou)代以國為姓,從(cong)而產生了陳(chen)(chen)(chen)氏(shi),后(hou)代以胡(hu)公(gong)謚(shi)號為氏(shi),產生了胡(hu)氏(shi)。
陳(chen)(chen)姓在春秋中期分(fen)出田(tian)姓。在陳(chen)(chen)厲公(gong)時(shi),陳(chen)(chen)國發生了爭奪君位的內(nei)亂,陳(chen)(chen)厲公(gong)之子陳(chen)(chen)完(wan)逃(tao)出齊國避(bi)難,為避(bi)禍而改(gai)為田(tian)姓,陳(chen)(chen)完(wan)是田(tian)姓的始祖(zu)。陳(chen)(chen)完(wan)在齊國受(shou)到禮遇(yu),任(ren)工正。
陳完的后(hou)代(dai)田(tian)氏家族在齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)逐漸發(fa)展(zhan),后(hou)掌握(wo)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)政。公(gong)元(yuan)前(qian)(qian)481年(nian),田(tian)乞之子(zi)(zi)田(tian)恒(田(tian)常子(zi)(zi))殺(sha)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)簡公(gong)與諸多公(gong)族,另(ling)立(li)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)平公(gong),進一步(bu)把持政權(quan),又(you)以(yi)“修公(gong)行(xing)賞”爭(zheng)取民心。公(gong)元(yuan)前(qian)(qian)391年(nian),田(tian)成子(zi)(zi)四世孫田(tian)和廢(fei)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)康(kang)公(gong)。公(gong)元(yuan)前(qian)(qian)386年(nian),田(tian)和放逐齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)康(kang)公(gong)于海上,自立(li)為(wei)國(guo)(guo)君(jun),同年(nian)為(wei)周(zhou)安王(wang)冊命為(wei)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)侯,并(bing)受(shou)到諸侯列國(guo)(guo)的承(cheng)認,這就(jiu)是歷史(shi)上著名的“田(tian)代(dai)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)姜”。前(qian)(qian)379年(nian),齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)康(kang)公(gong)死,姜姓齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)(guo)絕祀。田(tian)氏仍以(yi)“齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)”作為(wei)國(guo)(guo)號,史(shi)稱“田(tian)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)(qi)”。
西(xi)漢時期(qi),為(wei)了增強(qiang)關(guan)中的經濟實力,削弱各地豪強(qiang)的殘余勢力。將(jiang)齊田氏分(fen)為(wei)八部,分(fen)別遷往西(xi)安一帶,并要他們改姓“第(di)一”“第(di)二”……一直到“第(di)八”。
所(suo)以(yi)(yi)第(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)(wu)出自田(tian)姓(xing)(xing),源自漢(han)代遷(qian)徙齊國(guo)公族(zu)所(suo)改。據《姓(xing)(xing)氏(shi)(shi)考略(lve)》載:“齊田(tian)氏(shi)(shi)后(hou)(hou),漢(han)時齊諸田(tian)徙至京兆房(fang)陵,以(yi)(yi)次第(di)(di)(di)(di)為(wei)姓(xing)(xing),有第(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)至第(di)(di)(di)(di)八(ba)。”又《后(hou)(hou)漢(han)書(shu)·第(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)(wu)倫(lun)傳(chuan)》載:“后(hou)(hou)或改姓(xing)(xing)。”漢(han)高祖劉邦(bang)建立漢(han)朝(chao)后(hou)(hou),為(wei)了(le)增強關中的(de)(de)經濟(ji)實力,削(xue)弱地方門(men)閥(fa)勢力,將豪族(zu)名門(men)共十萬(wan)多(duo)人(ren)(ren)都遷(qian)徙到關中房(fang)陵(今陜西咸陽一(yi)(yi)帶)一(yi)(yi)帶定居(ju)。在遷(qian)徙原齊國(guo)田(tian)姓(xing)(xing)貴族(zu)時,因族(zu)大人(ren)(ren)眾,以(yi)(yi)門(men)第(di)(di)(di)(di)順序被分為(wei)第(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)至第(di)(di)(di)(di)八(ba)氏(shi)(shi),例如田(tian)廣的(de)(de)弟弟田(tian)英為(wei)第(di)(di)(di)(di)八(ba)氏(shi)(shi),其孫田(tian)登為(wei)第(di)(di)(di)(di)二氏(shi)(shi),元孫田(tian)癸為(wei)第(di)(di)(di)(di)三氏(shi)(shi),第(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)(wu)氏(shi)(shi)就是其中的(de)(de)一(yi)(yi)支(zhi),也(ye)就產(chan)生了(le)第(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)(wu)姓(xing)(xing)氏(shi)(shi)。唯有“第(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)(wu)”氏(shi)(shi)這一(yi)(yi)支(zhi)后(hou)(hou)來出了(le)不少(shao)名人(ren)(ren),得以(yi)(yi)較普遍流傳(chuan),所(suo)以(yi)(yi)作為(wei)顯(xian)姓(xing)(xing)收(shou)到《續百家姓(xing)(xing)》中。第(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)至第(di)(di)(di)(di)八(ba)等姓(xing)(xing),后(hou)(hou)來都改為(wei)單姓(xing)(xing)“第(di)(di)(di)(di)”及“五(wu)(wu)(wu)”(伍)兩個姓(xing)(xing)氏(shi)(shi),現在保留復姓(xing)(xing)的(de)(de)很少(shao)。
隴西郡(jun):秦置隴西郡(jun),治狄道(今甘肅省臨洮南(nan))。曹魏(wei)移(yi)治襄武(今東鄉以東及隴西南(nan)一帶地(di)區)。隋唐(tang)為(wei)渭州隴西郡(jun)。
東(dong)(dong)(dong)郡(jun)(jun):東(dong)(dong)(dong)郡(jun)(jun)始(shi)建(jian)于秦始(shi)皇五年(nian)(nian)(庚申,公元(yuan)前(qian)242年(nian)(nian)),取原(yuan)魏(wei)國之(zhi)地置(zhi)東(dong)(dong)(dong)郡(jun)(jun),包(bao)括河(he)(he)(he)北大名府、山(shan)東(dong)(dong)(dong)東(dong)(dong)(dong)昌府、及長清縣(xian)(xian)(xian)以西(xi)(xi)一(yi)帶地區(qu)。西(xi)(xi)漢時期因之(zhi),治所在濮陽縣(xian)(xian)(xian)(今(jin)(jin)(jin)河(he)(he)(he)南(nan)(nan)濮陽),其(qi)時轄地在今(jin)(jin)(jin)河(he)(he)(he)南(nan)(nan)省南(nan)(nan)部(bu)(bu)(bu)仆陽縣(xian)(xian)(xian)及山(shan)東(dong)(dong)(dong)省東(dong)(dong)(dong)西(xi)(xi)部(bu)(bu)(bu)一(yi)帶地區(qu)。東(dong)(dong)(dong)漢初其(qi)平中(zhong)嘗治武陽,臧洪為太(tai)守,又治東(dong)(dong)(dong)武陽。西(xi)(xi)晉(jin)朝(chao)(chao)時期廢黜,東(dong)(dong)(dong)晉(jin)朝(chao)(chao)復(fu)置(zhi),在今(jin)(jin)(jin)河(he)(he)(he)南(nan)(nan)滑(hua)(hua)(hua)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)東(dong)(dong)(dong)部(bu)(bu)(bu)。北魏(wei)王朝(chao)(chao)徙治至滑(hua)(hua)(hua)臺(今(jin)(jin)(jin)河(he)(he)(he)南(nan)(nan)滑(hua)(hua)(hua)縣(xian)(xian)(xian)),隋朝(chao)(chao)初期廢黜,后(hou)曾(ceng)以兗州(zhou)為東(dong)(dong)(dong)郡(jun)(jun),此兗州(zhou)是由滑(hua)(hua)(hua)州(zhou)(今(jin)(jin)(jin)河(he)(he)(he)南(nan)(nan)滑(hua)(hua)(hua)縣(xian)(xian)(xian))改(gai)名而成,并非今(jin)(jin)(jin)山(shan)東(dong)(dong)(dong)省之(zhi)兗州(zhou)。南(nan)(nan)朝(chao)(chao)宋國再置(zhi)東(dong)(dong)(dong)郡(jun)(jun),在河(he)(he)(he)南(nan)(nan)陳州(zhou)府境。
隴西堂:以望立堂。
東郡堂:以望立(li)堂,亦稱江扈堂。
廉貞忠厚;正直清高。
——佚名撰第五姓
上(shang)聯(lian)典指東(dong)漢長(chang)陵人第五倫,字伯(bo)魚(yu),耿直無私(si),以清節著(zhu)稱。建武年間舉孝廉(lian),官會稽太守,章帝(di)時任司(si)空。下聯(lian)典指第五倫的曾(ceng)孫第五種。
清高正直;忠厚(hou)廉貞。
——佚(yi)名(ming)撰第(di)五姓宗祠通用(yong)聯(lian)
上聯典指(zhi)東漢·第(di)五種(zhong)為官清正,名(ming)冠州(zhou)郡,時人謂:“清高(gao)正直,以種(zhong)為首。”下聯典指(zhi)第(di)五種(zhong)的曾(ceng)祖(zu)父第(di)五倫為司(si)空(kong),奉公盡節,所得(de)俸祿僅給衣食(shi),余皆散資貧民。
維(wei)揚邗(han)東第五氏宗(zong)譜,著(zhu)者待考(kao),民國年間木刻活(huo)字印(yin)本兩冊。現被(bei)收(shou)藏(zang)在江蘇省常州市(shi)家(jia)譜收(shou)藏(zang)者朱炳國處。
陜西旬邑(yi)第(di)五氏(shi)家譜,著者待(dai)考,民國年間(jian)手寫本。現被收藏在陜西省(sheng)咸陽市(shi)旬邑(yi)縣魏(wei)洛(luo)村第(di)五氏(shi)宗祠。
第(di)五倫:字(zi)伯魚,京兆長陵(ling)人也(ye),東(dong)(dong)漢(han)(han)大司空(kong)(即(ji)東(dong)(dong)漢(han)(han)宰相(xiang))。其先齊諸(zhu)田(tian),諸(zhu)田(tian)徙(xi)園陵(ling)者多,故以次第(di)為(wei)(wei)氏(shi)。第(di)五倫曾為(wei)(wei)東(dong)(dong)漢(han)(han)初年(nian)光武帝、明帝、章帝三朝元老,為(wei)(wei)官清廉無(wu)私,盡忠守節(jie),其后輩有五人在朝為(wei)(wei)官,與東(dong)(dong)漢(han)(han)相(xiang)始(shi)終。
第(di)五頡(jie)(jie):字(zi)子(zi)陵,第(di)五倫少子(zi);京兆長(chang)陵人(今(jin)陜西咸陽)。著名東漢(han)大(da)臣。先為(wei)(wei)(wei)郡功曹,州從事,公府辟(pi)舉高第(di),后為(wei)(wei)(wei)侍御史(shi),南(nan)(nan)頓令,桂陽、南(nan)(nan)陽、廬(lu)江三郡太守(shou),諫(jian)議(yi)大(da)夫。漢(han)順帝之為(wei)(wei)(wei)太子(zi)廢也(ye),第(di)五頡(jie)(jie)為(wei)(wei)(wei)太中大(da)夫,與太仆來歷(li)等共守(shou)闕固爭。漢(han)順帝即位(wei),第(di)五頡(jie)(jie)擢為(wei)(wei)(wei)將作大(da)匠,卒官。
第(di)五(wu)種:字興先,歷官高(gao)密(mi)侯相(xiang)、兗(yan)州刺史。因彈(dan)劾中(zhong)常(chang)侍單超及其侄子單匡,屢受陷害。當時(shi)人說:“清(qing)高(gao)正直(zhi),以第(di)五(wu)種為第(di)一。”
第五(wu)訪:字仲謀,東漢(han)中期京兆長(chang)陵(今陜西(xi)省咸(xian)陽市東北)人(ren)。
第(di)五上:東漢刺史,為(wei)官冠名(ming)州郡,永(yong)壽中以奉使(shi)稱(cheng)職,拜高密侯(hou)相,懲(cheng)治(zhi)貪惡,剛直不宥。
第(di)五(wu)元先:東漢學者,通(tong)京氏易、公羊春秋、三統歷、九章算術(shu),為鄭康成之師。
第(di)五琦:唐(tang)代同(tong)中書門下平(ping)章事(shi)(即唐(tang)朝宰相(xiang))。曾為扶(fu)風郡公,京兆尹,改戶部侍郎,判度支等,能言(yan)強國富民(min)術,不益賦(fu)而用以(yi)饒(rao)。乾元時升任同(tong)中書門下平(ping)章事(shi),終年(nian)七十歲,贈太子少保、子峰。
第五可范:唐(tang)昭宗的親信宦官,后來(lai)權(quan)臣朱溫迫使唐(tang)昭宗將第五可范賜死。
第五均:宋(song)朝人,官至宰相,生卒(zu)不(bu)詳。
中國(guo)復(fu)姓第五主要聚居在(zai)陜西省咸陽市的魏洛(luo)村(cun)(cun)和(he)埝(nian)口五村(cun)(cun),這兩個(ge)村(cun)(cun)子(zi)除了個(ge)別的雜姓外(wai),基本都(dou)復(fu)姓第五。另外(wai)在(zai)全國(guo)各(ge)地的其它(ta)地方也(ye)散居著很多復(fu)姓第五。臺灣有7家復(fu)姓第五,其祖先在(zai)今天的魏洛(luo)村(cun)(cun),主要居住在(zai)臺北市內湖區。
中國(guo)復姓(xing)(xing)“第(di)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)”聚(ju)居最(zui)多的就是在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)陜西(xi)省旬(xun)邑縣(xian)太村(cun)(cun)(cun)鎮赤道社區魏(wei)洛(luo)村(cun)(cun)(cun),全(quan)村(cun)(cun)(cun)有(you)4000多人都(dou)(dou)姓(xing)(xing)“第(di)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)”。據(ju)村(cun)(cun)(cun)民(min)介紹(shao),第(di)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)姓(xing)(xing)為(wei)田齊王族之后。祖上(shang)傳說在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)漢朝(chao)就住在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)這里。村(cun)(cun)(cun)上(shang)建(jian)有(you)“第(di)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)氏三朝(chao)宰(zai)相祠堂”,即(ji)東漢漢明帝時(shi)期(qi)(qi)大司空:第(di)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)倫,唐朝(chao)唐肅宗(zong)時(shi)期(qi)(qi)宰(zai)相:第(di)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)琦,宋朝(chao)(時(shi)期(qi)(qi)不(bu)(bu)詳)宰(zai)相:第(di)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)均。有(you)“第(di)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)氏宗(zong)族家(jia)譜”。2007年(nian)1月13日,陜西(xi)省涇(jing)(jing)陽縣(xian)埝(nian)口五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)村(cun)(cun)(cun)。中國(guo)國(guo)家(jia)地理雜志(zhi)的攝(she)影師馬宏杰指揮幾(ji)十位(wei)村(cun)(cun)(cun)民(min)拍(pai)集(ji)體(ti)照(zhao),因(yin)為(wei)這些(xie)村(cun)(cun)(cun)民(min)都(dou)(dou)姓(xing)(xing)“第(di)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)”。“第(di)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)”這個姓(xing)(xing)其實并不(bu)(bu)鮮見,古時(shi)候從“第(di)一”到“第(di)八”都(dou)(dou)是姓(xing)(xing)氏,《百家(jia)姓(xing)(xing)》中的最(zui)后8個字就是“第(di)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)言福、百家(jia)姓(xing)(xing)終(zhong)”。第(di)一到第(di)八都(dou)(dou)曾存在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)過(guo),不(bu)(bu)過(guo)現在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)第(di)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)姓(xing)(xing)最(zui)多的了,第(di)五(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)(wu)姓(xing)(xing)主要分布在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)陜西(xi)涇(jing)(jing)陽和(he)旬(xun)邑。
今(jin)江蘇(su)省(sheng)(sheng)的(de)揚州市(shi),天津市(shi),陜西省(sheng)(sheng)的(de)咸陽(yang)(yang)市(shi)涇陽(yang)(yang)縣(xian)、旬邑縣(xian)、彬縣(xian)、西安(an)市(shi)高陵縣(xian),寧(ning)夏回族自治區(qu)的(de)吳(wu)忠市(shi)、靈武市(shi),甘肅省(sheng)(sheng)的(de)慶陽(yang)(yang)市(shi)寧(ning)縣(xian)、浙江省(sheng)(sheng)的(de)舟山市(shi)定海縣(xian),安(an)徽省(sheng)(sheng)的(de)滁州市(shi),臺灣省(sheng)(sheng)的(de)臺北市(shi)內湖區(qu)等地,均有第(di)五氏族人分(fen)布,總人口在六千以(yi)上(shang)。
其中:姓第五(有(you)的(de)(de)(de)寫(xie)成第伍)的(de)(de)(de)在甘肅有(you)178人,姓第的(de)(de)(de)有(you)1587人,合計(ji)1765人,主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)分(fen)布在甘肅省寧(ning)縣(xian)、慶(qing)城縣(xian)和合水縣(xian),蘭州市、嘉峪(yu)關(guan)市、白銀市也(ye)有(you)分(fen)布。甘肅寧(ning)縣(xian)的(de)(de)(de)第(第五)家族,主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)居住在早勝鎮、良(liang)平鎮等地,據(ju)考(kao)證(zheng),其祖(zu)先是從陜西(xi)旬邑縣(xian)赤道(dao)鄉魏(wei)洛村(cun)遷徙(xi)而來。
《姓氏(shi)考略》:齊田(tian)氏(shi)后(hou),漢時齊諸田(tian)徙(xi)至京兆(zhao)房陵,以(yi)次(ci)第為姓,有第一(yi)至第八。
《后漢書·第(di)五倫傳》:后或改姓。