第五姓(xing)(xing)是漢(han)(han)族復(fu)姓(xing)(xing)之一(yi)(yi)(yi),為(wei)田齊(qi)王(wang)族之后(hou)(hou)。秦末(mo)天下(xia)紛爭(zheng),起(qi)先(xian)被(bei)秦國所滅(mie)的(de)六國,其王(wang)族后(hou)(hou)裔們(men),爭(zheng)先(xian)糾集人(ren)馬反秦復(fu)國;而(er)在漢(han)(han)高(gao)祖劉邦建立漢(han)(han)朝后(hou)(hou),顧慮到這些復(fu)國失(shi)敗的(de)舊王(wang)族勢力,便(bian)將他們(men)紛紛遷(qian)(qian)出(chu)原(yuan)籍,另外(wai)擇(ze)地安置。其中將田齊(qi)王(wang)族從第一(yi)(yi)(yi)到第八(ba)分(fen)為(wei)八(ba)支(zhi)遷(qian)(qian)走,故而(er)后(hou)(hou)人(ren)以(yi)第次為(wei)姓(xing)(xing)氏,第五氏就為(wei)這里的(de)一(yi)(yi)(yi)支(zhi)。如今,第五姓(xing)(xing)多(duo)分(fen)布(bu)于陜(shan)西涇陽、旬邑一(yi)(yi)(yi)帶,一(yi)(yi)(yi)些第五姓(xing)(xing)現多(duo)演化為(wei)第姓(xing)(xing)、五姓(xing)(xing)或伍(wu)姓(xing)(xing)。
第五氏出名的歷史人物有漢代大(da)司空第五倫,唐代宰相(xiang)第五琦(qi)等。
復姓(xing)第五可以(yi)追(zhui)溯到舜(shun)(shun)帝,其后有姚、媯(gui)、陳(chen)(chen)、胡、田(tian),皆為同(tong)根同(tong)源,史(shi)稱“媯(gui)汭五姓(xing)”。后舜(shun)(shun)的(de)(de)(de)后裔不斷發展,一直到商(shang)朝后期,舜(shun)(shun)的(de)(de)(de)后代(dai)閼父歸順(shun)于(yu)周(zhou)(zhou)文王(wang),任陶(tao)正之官。后周(zhou)(zhou)武王(wang)消滅商(shang)紂,建立(li)周(zhou)(zhou)朝,并將長女大(da)姬嫁與閼父之子媯(gui)滿(man)(舜(shun)(shun)后33代(dai)孫)。后來,武王(wang)追(zhui)封上古圣王(wang)的(de)(de)(de)后裔,媯(gui)滿(man)氏因此(ci)被封為陳(chen)(chen)侯,位于(yu)陳(chen)(chen)地(di),國都位于(yu)今(jin)天河南淮陽縣(xian)。媯(gui)滿(man)史(shi)稱陳(chen)(chen)胡公,胡公滿(man),其后代(dai)以(yi)國為姓(xing),從而產(chan)生了陳(chen)(chen)氏,后代(dai)以(yi)胡公謚號為氏,產(chan)生了胡氏。
陳(chen)姓(xing)在(zai)春(chun)秋(qiu)中期分出田(tian)(tian)姓(xing)。在(zai)陳(chen)厲公時,陳(chen)國(guo)發生了爭奪君位的內亂,陳(chen)厲公之子陳(chen)完逃出齊國(guo)避(bi)難,為避(bi)禍而改(gai)為田(tian)(tian)姓(xing),陳(chen)完是田(tian)(tian)姓(xing)的始祖(zu)。陳(chen)完在(zai)齊國(guo)受到禮遇,任工正。
陳完的(de)后(hou)代田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)氏家(jia)族(zu)(zu)在齊(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)逐(zhu)漸發展,后(hou)掌握(wo)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)國(guo)政(zheng)。公(gong)(gong)元前481年(nian),田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)乞之(zhi)子田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)恒(田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)常子)殺齊(qi)(qi)(qi)簡公(gong)(gong)與諸(zhu)多(duo)公(gong)(gong)族(zu)(zu),另立齊(qi)(qi)(qi)平公(gong)(gong),進一步(bu)把持(chi)政(zheng)權,又以(yi)“修(xiu)公(gong)(gong)行賞”爭取(qu)民心。公(gong)(gong)元前391年(nian),田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)成子四世孫田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)和(he)廢齊(qi)(qi)(qi)康公(gong)(gong)。公(gong)(gong)元前386年(nian),田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)和(he)放(fang)逐(zhu)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)康公(gong)(gong)于(yu)海上,自(zi)立為國(guo)君,同年(nian)為周安王冊命為齊(qi)(qi)(qi)侯,并受到諸(zhu)侯列國(guo)的(de)承認,這就是歷史上著名(ming)的(de)“田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)代齊(qi)(qi)(qi)姜”。前379年(nian),齊(qi)(qi)(qi)康公(gong)(gong)死,姜姓(xing)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)國(guo)絕祀。田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)氏仍(reng)以(yi)“齊(qi)(qi)(qi)”作(zuo)為國(guo)號,史稱“田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)”。
西(xi)漢時期(qi),為(wei)了增強關中的(de)經濟(ji)實力,削(xue)弱各地豪強的(de)殘余勢(shi)力。將齊田氏分為(wei)八部,分別遷往西(xi)安一帶,并要他們改姓(xing)“第一”“第二”……一直到(dao)“第八”。
所以(yi)第(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)出自田(tian)姓(xing)(xing),源(yuan)自漢(han)代(dai)遷徙齊(qi)(qi)(qi)國公族(zu)所改。據(ju)《姓(xing)(xing)氏(shi)考略》載:“齊(qi)(qi)(qi)田(tian)氏(shi)后,漢(han)時(shi)齊(qi)(qi)(qi)諸田(tian)徙至京兆(zhao)房(fang)(fang)陵(ling),以(yi)次第(di)(di)(di)為(wei)(wei)(wei)姓(xing)(xing),有(you)第(di)(di)(di)一(yi)至第(di)(di)(di)八(ba)。”又《后漢(han)書·第(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)倫(lun)傳(chuan)》載:“后或(huo)改姓(xing)(xing)。”漢(han)高祖劉邦建(jian)立(li)漢(han)朝后,為(wei)(wei)(wei)了(le)增強關中(zhong)(zhong)的經濟實力(li)(li),削弱地方門(men)閥勢力(li)(li),將豪(hao)族(zu)名(ming)門(men)共十萬多(duo)人都(dou)遷徙到關中(zhong)(zhong)房(fang)(fang)陵(ling)(今陜西咸陽一(yi)帶)一(yi)帶定(ding)居。在遷徙原齊(qi)(qi)(qi)國田(tian)姓(xing)(xing)貴族(zu)時(shi),因族(zu)大人眾,以(yi)門(men)第(di)(di)(di)順序被分(fen)為(wei)(wei)(wei)第(di)(di)(di)一(yi)至第(di)(di)(di)八(ba)氏(shi),例(li)如田(tian)廣的弟(di)弟(di)田(tian)英為(wei)(wei)(wei)第(di)(di)(di)八(ba)氏(shi),其(qi)孫田(tian)登為(wei)(wei)(wei)第(di)(di)(di)二氏(shi),元孫田(tian)癸(gui)為(wei)(wei)(wei)第(di)(di)(di)三氏(shi),第(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)氏(shi)就是(shi)其(qi)中(zhong)(zhong)的一(yi)支(zhi),也就產生了(le)第(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)姓(xing)(xing)氏(shi)。唯(wei)有(you)“第(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)”氏(shi)這(zhe)一(yi)支(zhi)后來(lai)出了(le)不少(shao)名(ming)人,得以(yi)較普遍流傳(chuan),所以(yi)作為(wei)(wei)(wei)顯姓(xing)(xing)收到《續百家(jia)姓(xing)(xing)》中(zhong)(zhong)。第(di)(di)(di)一(yi)至第(di)(di)(di)八(ba)等姓(xing)(xing),后來(lai)都(dou)改為(wei)(wei)(wei)單姓(xing)(xing)“第(di)(di)(di)”及(ji)“五(wu)(wu)”(伍)兩個姓(xing)(xing)氏(shi),現在保留復(fu)姓(xing)(xing)的很(hen)少(shao)。
隴(long)西郡:秦置(zhi)隴(long)西郡,治狄道(今甘肅省臨洮(tao)南(nan))。曹魏移治襄武(今東鄉以(yi)東及(ji)隴(long)西南(nan)一(yi)帶地區)。隋(sui)唐(tang)為(wei)渭州隴(long)西郡。
東(dong)(dong)郡:東(dong)(dong)郡始建于(yu)秦始皇五年(nian)(庚申,公元(yuan)前242年(nian)),取原魏國之地(di)置東(dong)(dong)郡,包括河北大名(ming)府(fu)、山東(dong)(dong)東(dong)(dong)昌府(fu)、及長清縣(xian)以(yi)西一(yi)帶地(di)區。西漢(han)時期(qi)因之,治(zhi)(zhi)所在(zai)濮(pu)(pu)陽(yang)(yang)縣(xian)(今(jin)河南(nan)(nan)(nan)濮(pu)(pu)陽(yang)(yang)),其時轄地(di)在(zai)今(jin)河南(nan)(nan)(nan)省南(nan)(nan)(nan)部(bu)仆(pu)陽(yang)(yang)縣(xian)及山東(dong)(dong)省東(dong)(dong)西部(bu)一(yi)帶地(di)區。東(dong)(dong)漢(han)初(chu)其平中嘗治(zhi)(zhi)武陽(yang)(yang),臧洪為太守(shou),又(you)治(zhi)(zhi)東(dong)(dong)武陽(yang)(yang)。西晉朝(chao)時期(qi)廢(fei)黜,東(dong)(dong)晉朝(chao)復置,在(zai)今(jin)河南(nan)(nan)(nan)滑縣(xian)東(dong)(dong)部(bu)。北魏王(wang)朝(chao)徙(xi)治(zhi)(zhi)至滑臺(今(jin)河南(nan)(nan)(nan)滑縣(xian)),隋朝(chao)初(chu)期(qi)廢(fei)黜,后曾(ceng)以(yi)兗州(zhou)為東(dong)(dong)郡,此兗州(zhou)是由滑州(zhou)(今(jin)河南(nan)(nan)(nan)滑縣(xian))改名(ming)而成(cheng),并非今(jin)山東(dong)(dong)省之兗州(zhou)。南(nan)(nan)(nan)朝(chao)宋國再(zai)置東(dong)(dong)郡,在(zai)河南(nan)(nan)(nan)陳州(zhou)府(fu)境。
隴西堂:以望立堂。
東郡堂(tang):以望立(li)堂(tang),亦稱(cheng)江扈堂(tang)。
廉貞忠厚;正直清(qing)高。
——佚名撰第五姓
上聯典指東(dong)漢長陵人第五倫(lun)(lun),字伯(bo)魚,耿直無私,以清節著稱。建武年間舉孝廉(lian),官會稽太(tai)守,章帝時(shi)任司空(kong)。下聯典指第五倫(lun)(lun)的(de)曾孫(sun)第五種(zhong)。
清(qing)高正直;忠厚廉貞(zhen)。
——佚名撰(zhuan)第五(wu)姓宗祠(ci)通用聯(lian)
上(shang)聯典指東漢·第(di)(di)五種(zhong)為官清正,名冠州(zhou)郡(jun),時(shi)人謂:“清高(gao)正直,以種(zhong)為首(shou)。”下聯典指第(di)(di)五種(zhong)的曾祖父第(di)(di)五倫為司空(kong),奉公盡節,所得俸(feng)祿僅給衣食,余(yu)皆散資(zi)貧民。
維揚邗東(dong)第五氏(shi)宗譜,著者待考,民國年間(jian)木刻活字(zi)印(yin)本兩冊(ce)。現被收藏在江(jiang)蘇(su)省常(chang)州市家譜收藏者朱(zhu)炳國處。
陜(shan)(shan)西旬邑第五氏家譜,著者待考,民國年間手寫本。現被(bei)收藏(zang)在(zai)陜(shan)(shan)西省咸陽市(shi)旬邑縣魏洛村第五氏宗祠。
第(di)五(wu)倫:字伯(bo)魚,京兆長(chang)陵(ling)人也,東漢大(da)司空(即東漢宰(zai)相)。其先齊諸田,諸田徙(xi)園陵(ling)者(zhe)多,故(gu)以次第(di)為(wei)氏。第(di)五(wu)倫曾為(wei)東漢初(chu)年光武(wu)帝(di)、明帝(di)、章帝(di)三朝元老,為(wei)官清廉(lian)無私(si),盡忠(zhong)守節,其后輩有五(wu)人在朝為(wei)官,與東漢相始(shi)終。
第(di)五(wu)(wu)頡(jie)(jie):字子(zi)陵,第(di)五(wu)(wu)倫少(shao)子(zi);京兆長陵人(今陜西咸陽)。著名東漢大臣。先為(wei)(wei)郡功曹,州(zhou)從事,公府(fu)辟舉高第(di),后為(wei)(wei)侍(shi)御史,南(nan)頓令(ling),桂陽、南(nan)陽、廬江(jiang)三郡太(tai)(tai)守,諫議大夫。漢順(shun)帝之為(wei)(wei)太(tai)(tai)子(zi)廢也,第(di)五(wu)(wu)頡(jie)(jie)為(wei)(wei)太(tai)(tai)中大夫,與太(tai)(tai)仆來(lai)歷(li)等共守闕固爭。漢順(shun)帝即位,第(di)五(wu)(wu)頡(jie)(jie)擢為(wei)(wei)將作(zuo)大匠,卒官。
第五(wu)種:字興先,歷官高(gao)密侯相(xiang)、兗(yan)州刺史。因彈劾中常侍單超及其侄子單匡,屢受(shou)陷害。當時(shi)人說:“清高(gao)正直,以(yi)第五(wu)種為第一。”
第(di)五訪:字仲(zhong)謀,東(dong)漢中(zhong)期(qi)京(jing)兆(zhao)長陵(今陜西省咸陽市東(dong)北)人(ren)。
第五上:東漢刺史,為官冠(guan)名州郡,永壽(shou)中以奉使稱職,拜(bai)高密侯(hou)相,懲治貪惡,剛直(zhi)不宥。
第五元先:東漢學者,通京氏易、公(gong)羊春秋、三統歷、九章算術,為(wei)鄭(zheng)康成之師。
第五琦:唐(tang)代(dai)同中(zhong)書門下平章(zhang)事(即唐(tang)朝宰相)。曾為(wei)扶風(feng)郡公,京兆尹,改戶(hu)部侍郎,判(pan)度支等(deng),能言(yan)強國(guo)富(fu)民術(shu),不益賦而用以(yi)饒。乾元(yuan)時升任(ren)同中(zhong)書門下平章(zhang)事,終年七(qi)十(shi)歲,贈(zeng)太子少保、子峰。
第(di)五可(ke)范:唐(tang)昭宗(zong)的親信宦官,后來權臣朱溫迫(po)使唐(tang)昭宗(zong)將第(di)五可(ke)范賜死(si)。
第五均:宋朝人,官至宰相(xiang),生卒不(bu)詳。
中國(guo)復姓(xing)(xing)第(di)五主要(yao)聚居在陜西省咸陽市的(de)魏洛村(cun)(cun)(cun)和埝口五村(cun)(cun)(cun),這(zhe)兩(liang)個村(cun)(cun)(cun)子除了個別(bie)的(de)雜(za)姓(xing)(xing)外(wai),基本都復姓(xing)(xing)第(di)五。另(ling)外(wai)在全國(guo)各地的(de)其(qi)它地方也散居著很多復姓(xing)(xing)第(di)五。臺灣有(you)7家(jia)復姓(xing)(xing)第(di)五,其(qi)祖先在今天的(de)魏洛村(cun)(cun)(cun),主要(yao)居住在臺北市內(nei)湖區。
中國復姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)“第(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)”聚居最多的就(jiu)是(shi)在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)陜(shan)西省旬邑縣太村(cun)(cun)鎮赤道社(she)區魏洛村(cun)(cun),全村(cun)(cun)有(you)4000多人都(dou)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)“第(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)”。據村(cun)(cun)民(min)(min)介(jie)紹,第(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)為(wei)田齊(qi)王族(zu)之后。祖上(shang)傳說在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)漢(han)朝(chao)就(jiu)住在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)這(zhe)里。村(cun)(cun)上(shang)建有(you)“第(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)氏(shi)三朝(chao)宰(zai)(zai)相祠(ci)堂”,即東漢(han)漢(han)明帝(di)時(shi)期(qi)大(da)司空:第(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)倫,唐朝(chao)唐肅宗(zong)時(shi)期(qi)宰(zai)(zai)相:第(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)琦,宋朝(chao)(時(shi)期(qi)不詳)宰(zai)(zai)相:第(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)均。有(you)“第(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)氏(shi)宗(zong)族(zu)家譜”。2007年1月13日,陜(shan)西省涇陽縣埝口五(wu)(wu)村(cun)(cun)。中國國家地理雜志(zhi)的攝(she)影師馬宏杰指揮幾十位村(cun)(cun)民(min)(min)拍集體照(zhao),因為(wei)這(zhe)些村(cun)(cun)民(min)(min)都(dou)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)“第(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)”。“第(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)”這(zhe)個姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)其實并不鮮(xian)見,古時(shi)候從“第(di)(di)(di)一(yi)”到“第(di)(di)(di)八(ba)”都(dou)是(shi)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)氏(shi),《百家姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)》中的最后8個字就(jiu)是(shi)“第(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)言(yan)福(fu)、百家姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)終”。第(di)(di)(di)一(yi)到第(di)(di)(di)八(ba)都(dou)曾存在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)過(guo),不過(guo)現在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)第(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)最多的了,第(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)主要(yao)分(fen)布在(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)(zai)陜(shan)西涇陽和旬邑。
今江蘇省(sheng)的(de)揚州市(shi)(shi)(shi),天津市(shi)(shi)(shi),陜西省(sheng)的(de)咸陽(yang)市(shi)(shi)(shi)涇陽(yang)縣(xian)、旬邑縣(xian)、彬(bin)縣(xian)、西安市(shi)(shi)(shi)高(gao)陵縣(xian),寧(ning)夏回族自(zi)治區的(de)吳忠市(shi)(shi)(shi)、靈武市(shi)(shi)(shi),甘肅省(sheng)的(de)慶(qing)陽(yang)市(shi)(shi)(shi)寧(ning)縣(xian)、浙江省(sheng)的(de)舟山(shan)市(shi)(shi)(shi)定海縣(xian),安徽省(sheng)的(de)滁州市(shi)(shi)(shi),臺灣(wan)省(sheng)的(de)臺北市(shi)(shi)(shi)內(nei)湖區等地,均有第五氏族人分布,總人口在(zai)六千以上。
其中:姓(xing)第(di)五(有的(de)寫成第(di)伍)的(de)在甘(gan)肅有178人(ren),姓(xing)第(di)的(de)有1587人(ren),合(he)計1765人(ren),主要分布在甘(gan)肅省寧縣(xian)、慶(qing)城縣(xian)和合(he)水(shui)縣(xian),蘭(lan)州市、嘉(jia)峪關市、白銀(yin)市也有分布。甘(gan)肅寧縣(xian)的(de)第(di)(第(di)五)家族(zu),主要居(ju)住在早勝(sheng)鎮(zhen)、良(liang)平(ping)鎮(zhen)等地,據考證,其祖先是從陜西旬邑縣(xian)赤道(dao)鄉(xiang)魏洛村遷徙而來。
《姓氏(shi)考(kao)略》:齊(qi)田(tian)(tian)氏(shi)后,漢(han)時齊(qi)諸(zhu)田(tian)(tian)徙至(zhi)京(jing)兆房陵,以次(ci)第為(wei)姓,有第一至(zhi)第八。
《后漢書·第五倫(lun)傳》:后或改姓(xing)。