第(di)(di)(di)五(wu)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)是漢族(zu)復姓(xing)(xing)(xing)之一(yi),為(wei)田齊王族(zu)之后。秦末(mo)天下紛(fen)爭,起先(xian)被秦國(guo)(guo)(guo)所滅的六國(guo)(guo)(guo),其王族(zu)后裔們,爭先(xian)糾集人馬反秦復國(guo)(guo)(guo);而在漢高祖劉邦(bang)建立(li)漢朝后,顧慮到(dao)(dao)這(zhe)些(xie)復國(guo)(guo)(guo)失(shi)敗的舊王族(zu)勢力,便將他們紛(fen)紛(fen)遷(qian)出原籍(ji),另外擇地安置。其中將田齊王族(zu)從第(di)(di)(di)一(yi)到(dao)(dao)第(di)(di)(di)八(ba)分為(wei)八(ba)支(zhi)遷(qian)走,故(gu)而后人以第(di)(di)(di)次為(wei)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)氏,第(di)(di)(di)五(wu)氏就為(wei)這(zhe)里的一(yi)支(zhi)。如今,第(di)(di)(di)五(wu)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)多分布于陜(shan)西涇陽、旬邑一(yi)帶,一(yi)些(xie)第(di)(di)(di)五(wu)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)現多演化為(wei)第(di)(di)(di)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)、五(wu)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)或伍姓(xing)(xing)(xing)。
第五氏出(chu)名的歷(li)史人物有漢代大司空第五倫(lun),唐代宰相第五琦等。
復姓第五(wu)(wu)可以追溯到舜(shun)帝,其(qi)后(hou)有姚、媯(gui)、陳(chen)(chen)、胡、田(tian),皆為(wei)(wei)同(tong)根同(tong)源,史稱“媯(gui)汭五(wu)(wu)姓”。后(hou)舜(shun)的后(hou)裔不(bu)斷發展,一直到商朝(chao)后(hou)期(qi),舜(shun)的后(hou)代(dai)閼父(fu)(fu)歸順于周(zhou)文王,任陶正之官。后(hou)周(zhou)武王消滅商紂,建立周(zhou)朝(chao),并將(jiang)長(chang)女大姬嫁與閼父(fu)(fu)之子媯(gui)滿(man)(man)(舜(shun)后(hou)33代(dai)孫(sun))。后(hou)來,武王追封(feng)上(shang)古圣王的后(hou)裔,媯(gui)滿(man)(man)氏(shi)因此被封(feng)為(wei)(wei)陳(chen)(chen)侯,位于陳(chen)(chen)地(di),國都(dou)位于今天河南淮陽縣。媯(gui)滿(man)(man)史稱陳(chen)(chen)胡公,胡公滿(man)(man),其(qi)后(hou)代(dai)以國為(wei)(wei)姓,從(cong)而產(chan)(chan)生了陳(chen)(chen)氏(shi),后(hou)代(dai)以胡公謚(shi)號(hao)為(wei)(wei)氏(shi),產(chan)(chan)生了胡氏(shi)。
陳(chen)姓(xing)在春(chun)秋中(zhong)期分(fen)出田姓(xing)。在陳(chen)厲公(gong)時,陳(chen)國(guo)發(fa)生(sheng)了爭(zheng)奪(duo)君(jun)位的內亂(luan),陳(chen)厲公(gong)之子(zi)陳(chen)完(wan)逃出齊(qi)國(guo)避難,為避禍(huo)而(er)改為田姓(xing),陳(chen)完(wan)是田姓(xing)的始祖。陳(chen)完(wan)在齊(qi)國(guo)受到禮遇,任工正。
陳完的(de)后代(dai)(dai)田(tian)氏(shi)家族(zu)在(zai)齊(qi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)逐(zhu)漸發(fa)展(zhan),后掌握齊(qi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)國(guo)(guo)(guo)政。公(gong)(gong)(gong)元前(qian)481年,田(tian)乞之子田(tian)恒(田(tian)常子)殺(sha)齊(qi)簡公(gong)(gong)(gong)與諸(zhu)多公(gong)(gong)(gong)族(zu),另立齊(qi)平公(gong)(gong)(gong),進一步把持政權,又以(yi)“修(xiu)公(gong)(gong)(gong)行賞”爭取民心。公(gong)(gong)(gong)元前(qian)391年,田(tian)成子四世(shi)孫(sun)田(tian)和(he)廢齊(qi)康(kang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)。公(gong)(gong)(gong)元前(qian)386年,田(tian)和(he)放(fang)逐(zhu)齊(qi)康(kang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)于海上(shang),自立為(wei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)君,同(tong)年為(wei)周安王冊命為(wei)齊(qi)侯(hou),并受到諸(zhu)侯(hou)列國(guo)(guo)(guo)的(de)承認,這就是歷(li)史上(shang)著名的(de)“田(tian)代(dai)(dai)齊(qi)姜”。前(qian)379年,齊(qi)康(kang)公(gong)(gong)(gong)死(si),姜姓齊(qi)國(guo)(guo)(guo)絕祀。田(tian)氏(shi)仍以(yi)“齊(qi)”作為(wei)國(guo)(guo)(guo)號,史稱“田(tian)齊(qi)”。
西漢時(shi)期,為了增強關(guan)中的(de)經濟實力(li),削弱(ruo)各(ge)地豪強的(de)殘余(yu)勢(shi)力(li)。將齊田氏(shi)分為八部,分別遷(qian)往西安(an)一(yi)帶,并要他(ta)們改姓“第一(yi)”“第二”……一(yi)直到“第八”。
所以(yi)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)出(chu)(chu)自田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),源(yuan)自漢(han)代遷徙(xi)(xi)齊(qi)(qi)國(guo)公族所改。據《姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)氏(shi)(shi)考略》載(zai)(zai):“齊(qi)(qi)田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)氏(shi)(shi)后,漢(han)時齊(qi)(qi)諸田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)徙(xi)(xi)至京兆(zhao)房(fang)(fang)陵,以(yi)次(ci)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)為姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),有(you)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)至第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)八(ba)。”又《后漢(han)書·第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)倫傳》載(zai)(zai):“后或改姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。”漢(han)高祖(zu)劉(liu)邦建(jian)立漢(han)朝后,為了增強(qiang)關中(zhong)的(de)經(jing)濟實(shi)力(li),削弱地(di)方(fang)門(men)閥勢力(li),將豪(hao)族名門(men)共十萬多(duo)人(ren)都遷徙(xi)(xi)到關中(zhong)房(fang)(fang)陵(今(jin)陜西咸陽(yang)一(yi)(yi)帶)一(yi)(yi)帶定居(ju)。在遷徙(xi)(xi)原齊(qi)(qi)國(guo)田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)貴族時,因族大人(ren)眾,以(yi)門(men)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)順序被(bei)分為第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)至第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)八(ba)氏(shi)(shi),例如田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)廣的(de)弟弟田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)英為第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)八(ba)氏(shi)(shi),其孫田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)登為第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)二氏(shi)(shi),元孫田(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)癸為第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)三氏(shi)(shi),第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)氏(shi)(shi)就是其中(zhong)的(de)一(yi)(yi)支,也(ye)就產生了第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)氏(shi)(shi)。唯有(you)“第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)”氏(shi)(shi)這一(yi)(yi)支后來(lai)出(chu)(chu)了不少(shao)名人(ren),得(de)以(yi)較(jiao)普遍(bian)流傳,所以(yi)作為顯姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)收到《續百(bai)家姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)》中(zhong)。第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)(yi)至第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)八(ba)等姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),后來(lai)都改為單姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)“第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)”及“五(wu)”(伍)兩(liang)個姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)氏(shi)(shi),現在保留復姓(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)的(de)很少(shao)。
隴西郡:秦置隴西郡,治狄道(今(jin)甘肅省(sheng)臨洮南)。曹魏移治襄武(今(jin)東(dong)鄉以東(dong)及(ji)隴西南一帶地(di)區)。隋唐為渭州隴西郡。
東(dong)郡(jun)(jun):東(dong)郡(jun)(jun)始建于秦始皇五年(庚申,公元(yuan)前242年),取原魏國之地(di)置(zhi)(zhi)東(dong)郡(jun)(jun),包括河北(bei)大(da)名府(fu)、山(shan)(shan)東(dong)東(dong)昌府(fu)、及長清縣(xian)以西(xi)一(yi)帶地(di)區(qu)。西(xi)漢(han)時期(qi)因之,治(zhi)所在濮陽縣(xian)(今(jin)河南(nan)(nan)濮陽),其時轄(xia)地(di)在今(jin)河南(nan)(nan)省(sheng)(sheng)南(nan)(nan)部仆陽縣(xian)及山(shan)(shan)東(dong)省(sheng)(sheng)東(dong)西(xi)部一(yi)帶地(di)區(qu)。東(dong)漢(han)初其平中(zhong)嘗(chang)治(zhi)武陽,臧(zang)洪為太(tai)守,又治(zhi)東(dong)武陽。西(xi)晉(jin)朝(chao)時期(qi)廢(fei)黜,東(dong)晉(jin)朝(chao)復置(zhi)(zhi),在今(jin)河南(nan)(nan)滑(hua)(hua)縣(xian)東(dong)部。北(bei)魏王朝(chao)徙治(zhi)至滑(hua)(hua)臺(今(jin)河南(nan)(nan)滑(hua)(hua)縣(xian)),隋朝(chao)初期(qi)廢(fei)黜,后曾以兗州(zhou)為東(dong)郡(jun)(jun),此(ci)兗州(zhou)是由(you)滑(hua)(hua)州(zhou)(今(jin)河南(nan)(nan)滑(hua)(hua)縣(xian))改名而成,并非今(jin)山(shan)(shan)東(dong)省(sheng)(sheng)之兗州(zhou)。南(nan)(nan)朝(chao)宋國再置(zhi)(zhi)東(dong)郡(jun)(jun),在河南(nan)(nan)陳州(zhou)府(fu)境(jing)。
隴西堂:以望立堂。
東(dong)郡堂:以望(wang)立堂,亦稱江扈堂。
廉貞忠厚(hou);正直清高。
——佚名撰第五姓
上聯典(dian)指(zhi)東漢(han)長陵人第(di)五(wu)倫,字伯魚,耿直無私,以清節著(zhu)稱(cheng)。建(jian)武年間舉孝廉(lian),官會(hui)稽太守,章(zhang)帝時任司空。下聯典(dian)指(zhi)第(di)五(wu)倫的(de)曾孫第(di)五(wu)種(zhong)。
清高正直;忠厚廉貞。
——佚名撰第五姓宗(zong)祠通用聯
上聯(lian)(lian)典指東漢·第(di)五種為官清(qing)正(zheng),名(ming)冠州郡,時人謂:“清(qing)高正(zheng)直(zhi),以種為首。”下聯(lian)(lian)典指第(di)五種的曾祖父第(di)五倫為司(si)空,奉公盡節,所得俸祿僅給衣食,余皆(jie)散資貧民。
維(wei)揚邗東第五氏宗譜,著(zhu)者(zhe)待(dai)考,民國年間木(mu)刻活字(zi)印本兩(liang)冊。現(xian)被收藏在江蘇省常州市家譜收藏者(zhe)朱炳國處。
陜(shan)西旬邑(yi)第五氏家(jia)譜,著者待考,民國年間手寫本。現被收藏在陜(shan)西省(sheng)咸陽市(shi)旬邑(yi)縣(xian)魏洛村第五氏宗(zong)祠。
第五倫(lun):字伯魚(yu),京兆長(chang)陵(ling)人也(ye),東(dong)漢(han)大(da)司空(kong)(即東(dong)漢(han)宰相(xiang))。其先(xian)齊諸(zhu)田,諸(zhu)田徙園陵(ling)者多,故以次第為氏。第五倫(lun)曾為東(dong)漢(han)初年光武帝、明帝、章帝三(san)朝(chao)(chao)元老,為官清(qing)廉(lian)無私,盡忠守節,其后輩有五人在朝(chao)(chao)為官,與東(dong)漢(han)相(xiang)始(shi)終。
第(di)五頡(jie)(jie):字子陵,第(di)五倫少子;京兆(zhao)長陵人(今陜西咸(xian)陽(yang))。著名東漢(han)大(da)(da)臣。先為(wei)郡(jun)功曹,州(zhou)從事(shi),公府辟舉(ju)高第(di),后(hou)為(wei)侍(shi)御史,南(nan)頓令,桂陽(yang)、南(nan)陽(yang)、廬江三郡(jun)太(tai)守(shou),諫議大(da)(da)夫。漢(han)順(shun)帝之為(wei)太(tai)子廢也,第(di)五頡(jie)(jie)為(wei)太(tai)中大(da)(da)夫,與太(tai)仆來歷等共(gong)守(shou)闕固爭。漢(han)順(shun)帝即(ji)位,第(di)五頡(jie)(jie)擢為(wei)將作大(da)(da)匠,卒官(guan)。
第五(wu)種(zhong):字興先,歷官高密侯(hou)相、兗州刺史。因彈劾(he)中常(chang)侍單超及(ji)其(qi)侄子單匡,屢受(shou)陷害。當時人說:“清高正直(zhi),以第五(wu)種(zhong)為第一。”
第五訪:字仲謀(mou),東漢中(zhong)期京兆(zhao)長陵(ling)(今陜(shan)西省咸陽市(shi)東北)人。
第(di)五上:東(dong)漢刺史(shi),為(wei)官冠名州(zhou)郡,永壽中以(yi)奉使稱(cheng)職(zhi),拜高密(mi)侯相,懲治貪惡,剛直(zhi)不宥。
第五元(yuan)先:東漢學者,通京氏(shi)易、公羊春秋、三統(tong)歷、九章(zhang)算術(shu),為鄭(zheng)康成(cheng)之師。
第五(wu)琦:唐代(dai)同(tong)中(zhong)書門(men)下平章事(即唐朝(chao)宰相)。曾(ceng)為扶風郡公,京(jing)兆尹,改戶部(bu)侍郎,判(pan)度支等,能言(yan)強國(guo)富民(min)術,不益賦(fu)而用以饒。乾元時(shi)升任同(tong)中(zhong)書門(men)下平章事,終年七十歲(sui),贈太(tai)子少保(bao)、子峰。
第五可(ke)范(fan):唐昭(zhao)宗的(de)親信宦官,后來(lai)權(quan)臣(chen)朱溫迫使唐昭(zhao)宗將(jiang)第五可(ke)范(fan)賜死。
第五均:宋朝人,官至宰相,生卒不詳。
中國(guo)復姓(xing)(xing)第(di)五主要聚居(ju)在(zai)陜西省咸陽(yang)市的(de)魏洛村(cun)和(he)埝口五村(cun),這(zhe)兩個(ge)村(cun)子(zi)除(chu)了個(ge)別的(de)雜姓(xing)(xing)外,基本都復姓(xing)(xing)第(di)五。另(ling)外在(zai)全(quan)國(guo)各地的(de)其它地方(fang)也散居(ju)著很(hen)多復姓(xing)(xing)第(di)五。臺灣有(you)7家復姓(xing)(xing)第(di)五,其祖先在(zai)今(jin)天的(de)魏洛村(cun),主要居(ju)住在(zai)臺北市內湖(hu)區。
中(zhong)國復姓(xing)(xing)“第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)”聚(ju)居(ju)最多的(de)就是(shi)在(zai)陜(shan)西(xi)省旬(xun)邑縣太村(cun)(cun)鎮(zhen)赤道社區(qu)魏洛村(cun)(cun),全村(cun)(cun)有(you)(you)4000多人都姓(xing)(xing)“第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)”。據村(cun)(cun)民介紹(shao),第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)姓(xing)(xing)為田齊王族(zu)之后(hou)。祖(zu)上(shang)傳說在(zai)漢(han)(han)朝(chao)就住在(zai)這里。村(cun)(cun)上(shang)建(jian)有(you)(you)“第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)氏三朝(chao)宰(zai)(zai)相祠堂”,即(ji)東漢(han)(han)漢(han)(han)明帝(di)時(shi)期(qi)大司空:第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)倫,唐朝(chao)唐肅宗(zong)時(shi)期(qi)宰(zai)(zai)相:第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)琦,宋朝(chao)(時(shi)期(qi)不詳)宰(zai)(zai)相:第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)均。有(you)(you)“第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)氏宗(zong)族(zu)家譜”。2007年1月13日,陜(shan)西(xi)省涇(jing)陽縣埝(nian)口(kou)五(wu)(wu)村(cun)(cun)。中(zhong)國國家地理雜志的(de)攝影(ying)師馬宏杰指揮幾十(shi)位村(cun)(cun)民拍集體照,因(yin)為這些村(cun)(cun)民都姓(xing)(xing)“第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)”。“第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)”這個姓(xing)(xing)其實(shi)并不鮮見(jian),古時(shi)候從“第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)”到“第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)八”都是(shi)姓(xing)(xing)氏,《百家姓(xing)(xing)》中(zhong)的(de)最后(hou)8個字就是(shi)“第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)言福(fu)、百家姓(xing)(xing)終”。第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)一(yi)到第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)八都曾存在(zai)過(guo)(guo),不過(guo)(guo)現在(zai)第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)姓(xing)(xing)最多的(de)了,第(di)(di)(di)(di)(di)五(wu)(wu)姓(xing)(xing)主(zhu)要分布在(zai)陜(shan)西(xi)涇(jing)陽和旬(xun)邑。
今江蘇省(sheng)的(de)揚州(zhou)市(shi)(shi),天津市(shi)(shi),陜西(xi)省(sheng)的(de)咸陽市(shi)(shi)涇(jing)陽縣(xian)、旬(xun)邑縣(xian)、彬縣(xian)、西(xi)安(an)市(shi)(shi)高陵縣(xian),寧夏回族自治(zhi)區的(de)吳忠市(shi)(shi)、靈武(wu)市(shi)(shi),甘肅省(sheng)的(de)慶陽市(shi)(shi)寧縣(xian)、浙江省(sheng)的(de)舟山市(shi)(shi)定海縣(xian),安(an)徽省(sheng)的(de)滁(chu)州(zhou)市(shi)(shi),臺灣省(sheng)的(de)臺北市(shi)(shi)內湖區等地(di),均有第(di)五(wu)氏族人分布,總人口在(zai)六千(qian)以上。
其中(zhong):姓(xing)(xing)第(di)五(wu)(有(you)的寫(xie)成第(di)伍)的在甘(gan)肅(su)有(you)178人,姓(xing)(xing)第(di)的有(you)1587人,合計(ji)1765人,主(zhu)要(yao)分布在甘(gan)肅(su)省(sheng)寧(ning)縣(xian)(xian)、慶城縣(xian)(xian)和合水縣(xian)(xian),蘭州市、嘉(jia)峪關市、白銀市也有(you)分布。甘(gan)肅(su)寧(ning)縣(xian)(xian)的第(di)(第(di)五(wu))家族,主(zhu)要(yao)居住在早勝鎮、良平(ping)鎮等(deng)地,據考證,其祖先(xian)是從陜西旬邑縣(xian)(xian)赤道鄉(xiang)魏(wei)洛村遷徙而來。
《姓(xing)氏考(kao)略》:齊田氏后,漢(han)時齊諸田徙至京兆房陵(ling),以次第為姓(xing),有第一至第八(ba)。
《后漢書·第五倫傳》:后或改姓(xing)。